In the third episode of our type II diabetes series, our patient Tabby joins us to speak about her experience with insulin, monitoring blood glucose, and lifestyle modifications. We wrap up the mini-series with some specific advice from both our patient and expert interviewees.

Share your reactions and questions with us at Speak Pipe . We might feature you on a future episode!

=== Outline ===

1. Introduction
2. Chapter 9 - Starting Insulin
3. Chapter 10 - Day-to-Day Management
4. Chapter 11 - Hypoglycemia and Difficult Conversations
5. Chapter 12 - Lifestyle Changes
6. Chapter 13 - Advice to Patients and Practitioners
7. Conclusion

=== Learning Points ===

1. When adding a new insulin therapy, consider factors such as cost, the patient’s eating habits, and their attitude toward injections
2. The ADA recommends starting insulin if the A1c is over 10% when symptoms of hyperglycemia are under poor control, or in patients with ESRD. 
3. When teaching patients how to monitor their own glucose, take the time to teach them how to use a glucometer and record their blood sugars
4. Educate patients and loved ones on how to identify hypoglycemia and how to treat it.

=== Our Expert(s) ===

Dr. Tracy Rabin is an Internist and Pediatrician who joined the Yale faculty in 2011 as a member of the Section of General Internal Medicine (YSM Department of Internal Medicine), and currently serves as the  Associate Program Director for Global and Community Health in the Yale Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Program (YPC). She attends and teaches on the medical wards at the St. Raphael's Campus (SRC) of Yale-New Haven Hospital; directs care and precepts residents in the SRC Adult Primary Care Diabetes Clinic.

=== References ===

1. [American Diabetes Association] Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022 Abridged for Primary Care Providers: https://diabetesjournals.org/clinical/article/40/1/10/139035/Standards-of-Medical-Care-in-Diabetes-2022  
2. HUSKY Health Program | Providers | Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGM) Policy: https://www.huskyhealthct.org/providers/provider_postings/policies_procedures/Continuous_Glucose_Monitors_Policy.pdf 
3. [American Diabetes Association] Hypoglycemia: https://www.diabetes.org/healthy-living/medication-treatments/blood-glucose-testing-and-control/hypoglycemia 

=== About Us ===

The Primary Care Pearls (PCP) Podcast is created in collaboration with faculty, residents, and students from the Department of Internal Medicine at the Yale School of Medicine. The project aims to create accessible medical education podcast episodes that center on a patient's lived experience with a disease.

Hosts: Katie Gielissen, Maisie Orsillo
Post-Production Assistant: Christina Liu
Logo and name: Eva Zimmerman
Theme music and Editing: Josh Onyango
Other background music: The Tides, Yen, Joel Cummins, Underbelly & Ty Mayer, Bobby Richards, DJ Williams, Dan Henig, Surviving the Asteroid Belt

Instagram: @pcpearls
Twitter: @PCarePearls
Listen on most podcast platforms: linktr.ee/pcpearls