​The Carbine Rifle Gang Incident, which occurred in June 1954, stands as a significant example of post-war crime in Japan, reflecting the societal challenges during the nation's reconstruction period. This case involved a meticulously planned armed robbery and kidnapping, executed by a group of former military personnel.​

On June 13, 1954, a group of armed individuals abducted a married couple, with the husband serving as the accounting section chief at the Maritime Safety Agency's Technical Research Institute. The assailants, wielding modified M1 carbines with shortened stocks for concealment, threatened the couple and confined them in the home of the gang leader's brother in Yotsuya, Shinjuku Ward. The following day, June 14, they coerced the accounting chief into issuing seven checks totaling 17.5 million yen. The gang successfully cashed approximately 950,000 yen at the Kawasaki branch of Yokohama Kogin Bank.​

On June 16, the captors relocated the couple to a different hideout in Nishi-Ogikubo. While attempting to cash the remaining checks, the accounting chief managed to escape during a stop at a Nippon Express office in Yurakucho, where he sought help from a nearby police box. This led to the exposure of the crime. Based on the victims' testimonies and the modus operandi, the police identified K. O., a former member of the Maritime Safety Agency with a prior robbery conviction, as the prime suspect and issued a nationwide warrant for his arrest.​

The investigation progressed rapidly. On June 22, K. O. and an accomplice were apprehended in Toyama City. Another accomplice was arrested on July 5 in a hotel in Asakusa, Tokyo. A fourth member, who had been with the recently arrested accomplice, surrendered to the Marunouchi Police Station shortly thereafter. K. O. had been on the run with his lover, a former Toei actress and runner-up in the Miss Ginza contest. They were eventually located on July 21 in a rented room at Sumiyoshiya in Yufuin Village, Oita Prefecture, near K. O.'s hometown. The carbine rifle used in the crime was discovered at Nobeoka Station, concealed within a futon bundle among railway luggage.​

In addition to the robbery and kidnapping charges, K. O. was indicted for the murder of a former company president in Atami City. In June 1958, the Tokyo District Court sentenced him to death. However, upon appeal, the Tokyo High Court commuted his sentence to life imprisonment. K. O. eventually withdrew his final appeal and accepted the life sentence. After serving 25 years, he was granted parole in 1978.​

Following his release, K. O. authored several books under his real name. In 1980, he published "Farewell, My Friends: True Stories of Notorious Death Row Inmates," detailing his experiences with fellow inmates during his incarceration. This work was later adapted into a film. In 1983, he released a two-volume autobiography titled "The Road to the Gallows," offering a personal account of his life and crimes.​

The Carbine Rifle Gang Incident left a significant mark on Japanese society, highlighting the challenges of post-war reconstruction and the complexities of criminal rehabilitation. It also inspired cinematic portrayals, such as the semi-documentary film "The Terror of the Carbine Rifle," released shortly after the incident, and "Farewell, My Friends," which depicted K. O.'s life and interactions with other death row inmates.

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