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Let's dig into a clear mental model that strips away guesswork and shows exactly when to use preteritum, presens perfektum, and preteritum perfektum. Instead of memorizing lists, you’ll learn a focus rule: is the time window closed and you’re reliving a finished moment, or does the action still shape what matters now?

I look at English comparisons that often confuse learners. Norwegian doesn’t split past actions into continuous and simple the way English does—spiste can cover “I ate,” “I was eating,” and even emphatic “I did eat,” depending on context. Then we unpack why presens perfektum shines for present relevance: "har spist" explains why you’re not hungry, "har sett" anchors whether you’ll rewatch that film now, and "har bodd" marks an experience that continues up to now. 

You’ll also hear how Norwegians treat boundary moments—like asking "Hvordan har dagen vært?" while the day still unfolds and switching to "Hvordan var dagen?" when the day is considered over (i.e. the time window has closed and is considered past).

Expect practical, real‑life examples—pizza gone missing, movie invites, and Monday morning small talk—that (hopefully) help the logic stick fast.

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