Pioglitazone (Actos) is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It belongs to the thiazolidinedione class of drugs and works by improving insulin sensitivity. By activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), pioglitazone helps the body utilize glucose more effectively and reduces the liver's production of glucose. It is typically prescribed as an adjunct to diet and exercise when other oral antidiabetic medications are insufficient in controlling blood sugar levels. Pioglitazone can be used alone or in combination with other diabetes medications, including insulin. Common side effects include weight gain, fluid retention, and edema. Rare but serious adverse events such as congestive heart failure and bladder cancer have been reported, so healthcare professionals must carefully assess the risks and benefits before prescribing pioglitazone. Regular monitoring of liver function is recommended, and patients should be educated about potential side effects and instructed to report any unusual symptoms. Overall, pioglitazone can be an effective tool in managing type 2 diabetes when used judiciously and under appropriate medical supervision.

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