In this episode, we continue our deep dive into the question: How do we know God exists?

Today we will wrap up our discussion of St. Thomas Aquinas's Five Ways by analysing the Fourth Way (the argument from gradation/degree) and the Fifth Way (the argument from order).

Aquinas' Five Ways are among the most famous arguments for the existence of God, and they have been hugely influential in the history of the Philosophy of Religion. They have also been at times misunderstood and misrepresented, so in this series, we're taking the time to delve deep and understand what, exactly, Aquinas is arguing.

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References and further reading/listening/viewing:

Summa Theologiae Part 1, Question 2⁠

⁠Summa Contra Gentiles⁠

Edward Feser:

⁠Aquinas: A Beginner's Guide⁠

⁠Five Proofs of the Existence of God

Empirical science and the transcendentals

Four Causes and Five WaysRéginald Garrigou-Lagrange, ⁠The one God: a commentary on the first part of St. Thomas' Theological summa.

The Thomistic Institute:

St. Thomas Aquinas' Fifth Way & Arguments from Modern Science (Aquinas 101)

St. Thomas' SIMPLEST Proof for the Existence of God (Aquinas 101)Thomas Joseph White #9: The Fifth Way (I, 2, 3)

Thomas Joseph White #8: The Fourth Way (I, 2, 3)

Why is the Fourth Way the LEAST Popular of St. Thomas' Five Ways? (Aquinas 101)

Why Does Truth Depend Upon Being in St. Thomas' Fourth Way? (Aquinas 101)

The Fourth Way: If You’re the Tallest, You’re Also a Cause! (Aquinas 101)

Pints With Aquinas: Explaining Thomas Aquinas' Proofs