In this episode, we dig through the data of lupus in Africa and speak with experts on the Lupus Gradient, the impact of malaria and what we can learn from it all.

·       Intro 0:12

·       In the previous episode 0:30

·       Lupus Gradient 2:01

·       Back to Dr. Brian Greenwood 3:48

·       Polyarthritis 4:04

·       Rates of autoimmune diseases 6:00

·       Malaria and mouse models 7:33

·       Back to lupus 8:48

·       First case of lupus 15:14

·       Prevalence of lupus 17:15

·       Papers on lupus 21:23

·       Dr. Mickael Essouma 23:38

·       Dr. Essouma, how did you conduct this study? 24:01

·       Did you ever believe there was a gradient? 26:09

·       Dr. Sandro Vento 30:56

·       Dr. Vento, do you believe there was a lupus gradient? 31:51

·       What are the connections to infectious disease? 38:51

·       That’s a wrap! 43:04

·       Coming up in part 4 44:55

·       Thanks for listening 45:05

Disclosures: Brown reports no relevant financial disclosures. Healio could not confirm relevant financial disclosures for Essouma and Vento at the time of posting.

Mickael Essouma, MD, is physician from Cameroon specialized in internal medicine at the University of Yaounde I in Cameroon, with a complimentary certificate on rheumatology from the EULAR online course and a certificate on lupus from the European Lupus Society (SLEuro). He is an advocate of lupus and other autoimmune diseases in Africans.

Sandro Vento, MD, is the dean of faculty of medicine at the Univer