Corporate Insolvency Law: Key Concepts and Procedures

• Objective: Provides a structured approach for handling insolvent companies through rescue or liquidation.

• Distinct from personal insolvency, which focuses on giving individuals a fresh start.

• Goal: Balance the rights and interests of creditors, shareholders, and employees.

• Common Law Systems (e.g., UK): Use procedures like administration, receivership, and Company Voluntary Arrangements (CVAs).

• Civil Law Systems (e.g., Czech Republic): Use statutory procedures like reorganizace (reorganization) and konkurz (liquidation).

• Shared Aim: Maximizing creditor recovery while preserving viable businesses where possible.

• Initiated by a secured creditor.

• Receiver manages and sells specific assets to repay that creditor.

• Not focused on saving the business.

"Receivership is focused, creditor-driven, and does not prioritize company rescue."

• Provides a statutory moratorium from creditor actions.

• Administrator may run the business, sell it, or propose restructuring.

• Exit routes: return to directors, liquidation, CVA, or pre-pack sale.

"Administration offers temporary legal protection while exploring rescue or better-value asset sales."

• Debt restructuring agreement proposed by the company and insolvency practitioner.

• Approved if 75% of creditors (by value) vote in favor.

• Supervised by an appointed insolvency professional.

• Court-supervised plan involving creditor class voting and judicial confirmation.

• Allows continued business operation while restructuring debt.

• Licensed professionals who manage different aspects of insolvency:

  • Receiver: For secured creditors.

  • Administrator: Business stabilization and rescue.

  • Liquidator: Wind-up and asset distribution.

• Types of creditors:

  • Secured: Rights over specific assets.

  • Unsecured: No asset security.

  • Preferential: Statutory priority (e.g., employees).

• Creditor powers:

  • Vote on CVAs/reorganization plans.

  • Form creditors’ committees (e.g., věřitelský výbor in Czech law).

  • Review reports and challenge practitioner decisions.

"Creditors have legal tools to monitor, influence, and, if needed, oppose insolvency outcomes."

• Ensures coordination between main and secondary insolvency proceedings.

• Case Study: EuroBuild AG – German main proceedings with Polish secondary proceedings to ensure fairness and consistency.

• Possible outcomes:

  • Rescue (e.g., ModeTex S.A. – returned to profitability).

  • Job retention (e.g., XYZ Electronics – saved 60% of jobs).

  • Higher creditor returns (compared to liquidation).

  • Liquidation, if rescue is not viable.

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I. Purpose and Scope of Corporate Insolvency LawII. Cross-System VariationsIII. Core Insolvency Procedures1. Receivership (Creditor-Driven)2. Administration (UK – Rescue-Oriented)3. Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA) (UK)4. Reorganizace (Czech Republic)IV. Insolvency PractitionersV. Creditor Rights and ParticipationVI. Cross-Border Insolvency (EU Regulation 2015/848)VII. Outcomes and Real-World Application