The paper examines the "Matthew Effect" in science, where more well-known scientists or institutions tend to receive a disproportionate amount of credit for discoveries, even in collaborative efforts. This effect extends to large research collaborations, as demonstrated by the case of the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA collaborations.

While LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA have been working together since 2007 and co-author all their gravitational-wave observation papers, the wider scientific community often overlooks the contributions of Virgo and KAGRA, attributing most of the credit to LIGO.

The paper identifies three main types of issues:

• Attributing the first gravitational wave detection, GW150914, solely to LIGO, even though the discovery was a collaborative effort.


• Downplaying the crucial role of Virgo in the discovery of GW170817, the first confirmed merger of compact stars. While the signal was detected only by LIGO, Virgo's data enabled precise sky localization, crucial for multimessenger observations.


• Attributing overall science results and future projections in the field to LIGO alone.

The authors' efforts resulted in about half of the problematic papers being corrected. However, the study found no significant difference in the citation impact of corrected versus uncorrected papers. This suggests that more work is needed to understand the social dynamics of this cognitive bias and to promote a more equitable recognition of scientific contributions in large collaborations.

Publication: P. Barneo et al., "Addressing the problem of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA visibility in the scientific literature", The European Physical Journal H, (2024) 49:2 (arXiv:2402.03359)

Acknowledgements: Image credit ICRR, Univ. of Tokyo/LIGO Lab/Caltech/MIT/Virgo Collaboration. The podcast was created with Google/NotebookLM.