Sugar isn't just empty calories – it's an active driver of disease through a fascinating biological mechanism that evolved to help mammals survive food scarcity. In this eye-opening conversation with Dr. Richard Johnson, professor of medicine at the University of Colorado and author of "Why Nature Wants Us to Be Fat," we explore the unexpected ways fructose hijacks our metabolism.

Dr. Johnson, often described as the "Indiana Jones of nutrition science," reveals how fructose works by actually depleting cellular energy rather than increasing it. This creates a paradoxical situation where our bodies store more fat while simultaneously making us feel exhausted and constantly hungry. The biological pathway, designed to help animals like bears fatten up before hibernation, now works against us in our sugar-saturated world.

Most alarming are the connections between fructose metabolism and serious diseases. Cancer cells specifically seek out fructose to fuel their growth in low-oxygen environments, explaining why certain cancers are strongly associated with high sugar consumption. Even more compelling is the evidence linking fructose to dementia – from the earliest stages of cognitive decline showing the exact biological signature of fructose metabolism to animal studies demonstrating memory impairment after just two weeks of sugar exposure.

Perhaps most surprising is Dr. Johnson's revelation that our bodies can manufacture fructose internally, especially during mild dehydration or when consuming salty foods. This explains why the combination of salt and carbohydrates is particularly problematic for weight management – they signal our bodies to convert glucose to fructose and store fat.

The good news? Understanding this pathway opens doors to protection through specific nutrients like omega-3s and vitamin C, and explains why low-carbohydrate approaches can be so effective. Whether you're concerned about weight, cognitive health, or cancer prevention, this conversation offers practical insights into breaking free from sugar's powerful grip on your metabolism.

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