In this episode, Dr. Craig Zelizer speaks with Dr. Soraya Caro Vargas, a leader in industrial policy, gender equity, and international cooperation. From serving as Colombia's Vice Minister of Business Development to designing the country's first industrial policy in two decades, Soraya brings a rich, cross-sectoral perspective on how to build more inclusive and sustainable economies in the Global South.

Based in Bogotá, with academic roots in Colombia, Italy, and India, Soraya shares how her experiences in government, academia, and diplomacy have shaped her career—and her deep commitment to bringing policy closer to people and territory.

Why Listen

• Industrial policy in practice: What it takes to design and implement a national policy aligned with energy transition, health, defense, and bioeconomy goals

• Leadership as a woman in male-dominated fields: How Soraya navigates power, gender dynamics, and systemic barriers while staying grounded in ethics

• The unexpected PhD journey: Doing a doctorate at Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) as a diplomat's spouse—and why it's not just about the title, but about building knowledge

• Why territory matters in policy: "You cannot govern from the desk in Bogotá" — how she helped shift Colombia's national policy toward more localized and inclusive processes

• Skills for impact: Communication, negotiation, working across sectors, and how to learn them through practice, not just theory

Featured in the Episode

• UNAD - Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia: Colombia's National Open University, leading virtual and hybrid education for over 300,000 learners

• Colombia's Reindustrialization Policy: A national strategy centered on energy transition, health innovation, bioeconomy, and defense

• ACOPI - Asociación Colombiana de las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas: Represents Colombia's small and medium-sized businesses and played a key role during the FTA negotiations

• Latin American Women Leaders Network (private initiative): A high-level network of 600+ women shaping policy, enterprise, and academia

• OECD Work on Informality: Referenced in Soraya's experience with informality in policy contexts

• ProColombia: Colombia's national trade, tourism, and investment promotion agency

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