What if the most underrated line of the First Amendment is the one that asks for a reply? We sit down with Dr. Daniel Carpenter of Harvard to explore the right to petition—what it is, where it came from, and why it still shapes how power listens. From a Roman subject pressing Emperor Hadrian for attention to the barons who forced Magna Carta, petitioning has long been the channel that turns private grievance into public business.

We walk through the pivotal moments that cemented this right: the English Bill of Rights pushing back on Parliament’s restrictions, and the American founders’ decision to protect petitions to the entire government—not just Congress. Early Americans used it loudly and often, directing petitions to the president, cabinet secretaries, and local officials. For generations, Congress read petitions aloud, signaling not just a right to speak but an expectation to be heard. That culture of response gave petitioning its force in everyday governance.

Then we draw a sharp line between petitioning and free speech. Speech can be anonymous; petitioning historically cannot. When you ask government for action—spending a dollar, changing a rule—you step into the public square with your name, inviting accountability and a formal reply. We dig into how lobbying and lawsuits map onto the petition clause, why many online petitions feel like shouting into the void, and how modern institutions could restore trust with transparent intake and timely answers. Along the way, Dr. Carpenter shows how deferential language once carried radical aims, from abolishing slavery to expanding toleration, proving that respectful form can deliver transformative substance.

If you care about civic power, administrative accountability, and how ordinary people move policy, this conversation will sharpen your toolkit. Subscribe, share with a friend who loves history and law, and leave a review with one question you would petition your government to address.

Check Out the Civic Literacy Curriculum!

School of Civic and Economic Thought and Leadership

Center for American Civics