Misinformation and the Three Languages of Politics (with Arnold Kling)
Digest
This episode of EconTalk features a conversation between host Russ Roberts and economist Arnold Kling, exploring the complexities of misinformation, censorship, and the pursuit of truth in a world increasingly shaped by social media and political discourse. Kling argues that the pursuit of truth is a gradual process involving the contest of ideas, and that censoring information can be detrimental to this process. He advocates for a "bottom-up" approach to regulation, emphasizing the importance of allowing diverse ideas to compete rather than suppressing them. The conversation delves into the handling of information during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting instances of censorship and the suppression of dissenting views. Kling and Roberts discuss the motivations behind this suppression, including the desire to control narratives, protect scientific status, and maintain funding. They also explore the changing dynamics within academia, suggesting that a shift from a prestige hierarchy to a dominance hierarchy has led to a focus on power and funding rather than intellectual pursuit. The episode concludes with a discussion of Kling's book, "The Three Languages of Politics," which proposes that political discourse is often framed around three distinct languages: civilization vs. barbarism, oppression vs. the oppressed, and liberty vs. coercion. Roberts emphasizes the need for detachment and critical thinking in navigating the overwhelming flow of information on social media, suggesting that a Buddhist approach to information consumption could be beneficial.
Outlines
Misinformation, Censorship, and the Pursuit of Truth
This episode of EconTalk features a conversation between host Russ Roberts and economist Arnold Kling, exploring the complexities of misinformation, censorship, and the pursuit of truth in a world increasingly shaped by social media and political discourse. Kling argues that the pursuit of truth is a gradual process involving the contest of ideas, and that censoring information can be detrimental to this process. He advocates for a "bottom-up" approach to regulation, emphasizing the importance of allowing diverse ideas to compete rather than suppressing them.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Information Suppression
The conversation delves into the handling of information during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting instances of censorship and the suppression of dissenting views. Kling and Roberts discuss the motivations behind this suppression, including the desire to control narratives, protect scientific status, and maintain funding. They also explore the changing dynamics within academia, suggesting that a shift from a prestige hierarchy to a dominance hierarchy has led to a focus on power and funding rather than intellectual pursuit.
Honesty, Humility, and the Challenge of Admitting Mistakes
The discussion touches upon the importance of honesty and humility in the pursuit of truth, particularly in the context of scientific research and political discourse. Kling suggests that individuals who are quick to suppress information or resist admitting mistakes may lack these traits. Roberts raises concerns about the erosion of honesty and humility in political careers, arguing that the need for survival and advancement can lead to a reluctance to admit errors.
The Three Languages of Politics
Roberts introduces Kling's book, "The Three Languages of Politics," which proposes that political discourse is often framed around three distinct languages: civilization vs. barbarism, oppression vs. the oppressed, and liberty vs. coercion. Roberts reflects on the impact of Kling's book, noting that its central ideas have become increasingly mainstream and widely accepted in political discourse.
The Function of Political Discourse and the "Closing of Minds"
Kling discusses the function of political discourse, arguing that much of it is designed to reinforce existing beliefs within one's own tribe rather than to persuade or open the minds of those on the other side. Roberts concludes the episode by emphasizing the need for detachment and critical thinking in navigating the overwhelming flow of information on social media, suggesting that a Buddhist approach to information consumption could be beneficial.
Keywords
Misinformation
False or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally, often due to a lack of verification or understanding.
Disinformation
Deliberately false or misleading information spread with the intent to deceive or manipulate.
Censorship
The suppression or prohibition of speech, publication, or other forms of expression considered objectionable by the authorities.
"1,000 Flowers Bloom"
A metaphor for a free and open society where diverse ideas and perspectives are allowed to flourish without censorship.
Honesty Humility
A personality trait characterized by a combination of honesty, integrity, and a lack of arrogance or self-importance.
The Three Languages of Politics
A framework developed by Arnold Kling that suggests political discourse is often framed around three distinct languages: civilization vs. barbarism, oppression vs. the oppressed, and liberty vs. coercion.
Q&A
What is Arnold Kling's main argument regarding misinformation and disinformation?
Kling argues that the pursuit of truth is a gradual process involving the contest of ideas, and that censoring information can be detrimental to this process. He believes that allowing diverse ideas to compete, even those that are false or misleading, is essential for the discovery of truth.
How does Kling view the role of social media in the spread of misinformation?
Kling acknowledges that social media can amplify misinformation, but he advocates for a "bottom-up" approach to regulation, emphasizing the importance of allowing diverse ideas to compete rather than suppressing them. He believes that the answer to misinformation is more speech, not censorship.
What are the main motivations behind the suppression of information, as discussed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic?
Kling and Roberts identify several motivations for suppressing information, including the desire to control narratives, protect scientific status, and maintain funding. They argue that the reluctance to admit mistakes can be driven by a desire to preserve professional standing.
How does Kling's "Three Languages of Politics" framework explain the polarization of political discourse?
Kling's framework suggests that political discourse is often framed around three distinct languages: civilization vs. barbarism, oppression vs. the oppressed, and liberty vs. coercion. This can lead to individuals using different frameworks to interpret the same information, resulting in a lack of understanding and communication between opposing sides.
What is Roberts's main concern regarding the impact of social media on political discourse?
Roberts worries that social media has amplified the tendency for individuals to reinforce their own beliefs and demonize their opponents, leading to increased polarization and a lack of empathy. He believes that this can make it more difficult for individuals to engage in constructive dialogue and find common ground.
What is Kling's suggestion for navigating the overwhelming flow of information on social media?
Kling suggests that a Buddhist approach to information consumption, characterized by detachment and a focus on understanding the intent behind messages, could be beneficial in navigating the overwhelming flow of information on social media. He believes that this approach can help individuals avoid being manipulated or swayed by emotionally charged content.
Show Notes
How big a problem is misinformation for a democracy? How do we arrive at the truth? Listen as economist and author Arnold Kling talks with EconTalk's Russ Roberts about how we should think about truth-seeking. The conversation also revisits Kling's classic work, The Three Languages of Politics, and the relevance of its framework for the current moment.
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