S8 Ep119: HEADLINE: Khrushchev, Hard Power, and Gorbachev's Doomed Reform GUEST AUTHOR: Professor Sean McMeekin 50-WORD SUMMARY: Despite Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin's crimes (1956), the Soviets pursued hard power politics, motivated by proving their system'

S8 Ep119: HEADLINE: Khrushchev, Hard Power, and Gorbachev's Doomed Reform GUEST AUTHOR: Professor Sean McMeekin 50-WORD SUMMARY: Despite Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin's crimes (1956), the Soviets pursued hard power politics, motivated by proving their system'

S8 Ep119: HEADLINE: The Cultural Revolution and the Nihilistic Cult of Youth GUEST AUTHOR: Professor Sean McMeekin 50-WORD SUMMARY: The Cultural Revolution, spearheaded by the Red Guards, was a nihilistic, xenophobic cult of youth. Mao used this violent anarchy to

S8 Ep119: HEADLINE: Mao Zedong, Xenophobia, and the Failure of the Great Leap Forward GUEST AUTHOR: Professor Sean McMeekin 50-WORD SUMMARY: Mao Zedong blended Marxism with fierce anti-imperialism and xenophobia, targeting the "global imperialistic system" and fore

S8 Ep119: HEADLINE: Lenin's Violent Innovation: Vanguardism and Revolutionary Defeatism GUEST AUTHOR: Professor Sean McMeekin 50-WORD SUMMARY: Vladimir Lenin, inspired by Marx's violence, adopted vanguardism (professional revolutionaries guiding workers). His innov

S8 Ep119: HEADLINE: Lenin's Violent Innovation: Vanguardism and Revolutionary Defeatism GUEST AUTHOR: Professor Sean McMeekin 50-WORD SUMMARY: Vladimir Lenin, inspired by Marx's violence, adopted vanguardism (professional revolutionaries guiding workers). His innov

S8 Ep119: HEADLINE: The Centrality of Violence: Babeuf, Marx, and the Paris Commune GUEST AUTHOR: Professor Sean McMeekin 50-WORD SUMMARY: Communism relies exclusively on extreme political violence and the disintegration of governance norms, never the ballot box. E

S8 Ep119: HEADLINE: The Philosophical Roots of Communism and the Unmasking at Tiananmen Square GUEST AUTHOR: Professor Sean McMeekin 50-WORD SUMMARY: The Tiananmen Square massacre (1989) unmasked the brutal core of communism, akin to Kronstadt. Karl Marx derived th

S8 Ep118: Last Decades, Persistent Pain, and Final Rest — Ronald White — In his later years, the severity of Chamberlain's Civil War wound, which he largely concealed, became public through a newspaper account of his surgery. He attempted business ventures withou

S8 Ep118: The Battle of Augusta: Chamberlain's Finest Peacemaking Moment — Ronald White — In 1880, Maine faced a political crisis—the "great countout"—threatening a peaceful transfer of power. Chamberlain was called upon to confront an armed insurrectionist mob app

S8 Ep118: Chamberlain's Progressive Presidency at Bowdoin College — Ronald White — Chamberlain returned to Bowdoin College as president, respected by figures like Ulysses S. Grant. He immediately advocated for bold institutional changes, declaring the college had "

S8 Ep118: Governor of Maine and Advocate for Reconciliation — Ronald White — Returning home wounded, Chamberlain became a prominent public speaker advocating for national reconciliation rather than continued punishment of the South. He was elected Governor of Maine

S8 Ep118: The Mortal Wound at Petersburg and the Appomattox Salute — Ronald White — Despite his Gettysburg fame, Chamberlain returned to combat, leading a brigade. At Petersburg in 1864, he sustained a near-mortal wound from a minié ball; two surgeons declared it w

S8 Ep118: The Reality of War and the Defense of Little Round Top — Ronald White — Chamberlain's 20th Maine faced the horrors of war at Antietam and Fredericksburg, suffering severe casualties and effects from a defective smallpox inoculation. During the forced marc

S8 Ep117: Professor Chamberlain Goes to War and Takes Command of the 20th Maine — Ronald White — After marrying Fanny in 1855, Chamberlain joined the Bowdoin faculty, where he promoted critical thinking among students and witnessed key historical moments, including

S8 Ep117: The Classical Education and Early Life of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain — Ronald White — Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain's early life in Maine was shaped by hardy Congregationalist parents who promoted intellectual curiosity and deep faith. He excelled at memor

S8 Ep116: Appomattox: Lee's Surrender and the Legacy of Mosby — Patrick K. O'Donnell — At Appomattox, Robert E. Lee rejected guerrilla warfare, disobeying Jefferson Davis's orders in favor of reconciliation and statesmanship. Grant offered generous terms. The surre

S8 Ep116: Harry Harrison Young and the Jesse Scouts Lead Sheridan's Final Campaign — Patrick K. O'Donnell — After Blazer's capture, Harry Harrison Young led the Jesse Scouts, using Confederate disguises for reconnaissance. Scouts provided Phil Sheridan with real-ti

S8 Ep116: Lewis Powell and the Confederate Secret Service Plot to Kidnap Lincoln — Patrick K. O'Donnell — Lewis Powell, a Mosby Ranger, was identified as a Lincoln conspirator working with John Wilkes Booth. Powell's trip to Richmond ostensibly to deliver prisoner

S8 Ep116: The Manhunt: Blazer Scouts vs. Mosby's Rangers and the Capture of Blazer — Patrick K. O'Donnell — Grant ordered Phil Sheridan to wage total war against partisans, though Sheridan only partially complied for political reasons. Following Mosby's devastating