All Things Wild

Black bears have a very strong public image as lone roaming, dangerous and mindless eating machines -  here's something that will completely change the way you look at them!Benjamin Kilham, author of In the Company of Bears: What Black Bears Have Taught Me about Intelligence and Intuition, has been studying and living with them for many years and has a connection and insight into their society that almost no one else has. Mother bears punishing cubs, sharing with family members, language, standing up to bears in the wild and so much more! Important Times:00:10 Intro02:50 Welcome Benjamin! What caused you to start studying bears?04:20 Your first bear encounter06:40 Rehabilitating black bears and keeping bear cubs10:15 Bear scent: how do they use their sense of smell?15:50 Sharing resources and being social: bears share with family members22:10 Your friend Squirty the bear25:40 Do the bears you raise see you as a parent? How she punishes bad behavior29:50 They can read people, highly cognitive animals34:55 Males vs female bears38:45 Bear hazing -  helping bears caught around people40:20 Communicating with the bears in the way they understand42:05 Alpha males45:10 What do you do if you run into a bear in the wild? Deescalate the situation50:10 Attacks on humans52:45 Backyard chickens are drawing the bears closer to humans54:50 Hunting black bears and population59:40 One thing you wish people understood about bears01:02:35 Male bears and cubs01:05:25 There's so much more to learn, thank you for sharing your knowledge!

Part 2 of our conversation with Robin Hanson about his Grabby Aliens theory! We dive into the details and explore the things that might have happened and possible explanations for UFO sightings and ultimately mankind's fate. We weigh up the different options to try understand what these things could be, if they are real after all!  A really interesting dive into the theoretical universe. What do you think? Do aliens have a rule against expanding? Would you break that rule? Do you lean towards the hoax or the aliens theory? Let us know!Important times:00:10 Welcome to All Things Wild!01:00 Lying can be a solution02:20 1 in 1000 chance for Grabby Aliens to be true: here's how.03:50 How likely is intelligent life?05:00 The big puzzle: they didn't expand, why?07:15 Weird things can end up being true11:30 Why do they stay officially hidden?13:10 Social animal hierarchy18:20 This is my best story to explain the alien theory20:00 Nuclear facilities and visitations21:50 The aliens needed a simple and robust strategy23:05 Are they reporting back to anyone?24:15 Are they biological or artificial life?25:25 What if they were biological?26:20 They seem cruel to not allow expansion28:25 What happens when they meet other aliens?30:25 Grabby humans31:40 Would you follow their rule?33:25 Ecosystem of the universe36:10 Leave this to the experts in each field38:10 Would we be in danger of breaking the rule yet?40:30 Problems with the hoax theories43:20 Grabby Aliens seems possible but makes a lot of assumptions, hoax takes less45:40 Thank you Robin! Hope to see you in the Pentagon one day!46:45 Outro

Today is something completely different... but actually really similar if you think about it. We are always talking with experts about how animals experience our world, today we are talking about how an animal from another planet would experience it's world! Robin Hanson tells us about his Grabby Aliens Hypothesis and we explore the possibility of life on other planets!This is a 2 part episode -  next week is part 2!Important Times:01:40 Welcome Robin! What made you interested in your field of research?03:00 What is your Grabby Aliens Hypothesis?07:10 Is the universe dead and empty?09:20 We should see evidence of civilizations in the stars10:30 The model is a 3 parameter model, linked to data14:10 Finding spheres in the universe16:30 What would prove your hypothesis wrong? Time, Panspermia19:30 The early solar system21:20 How sure are we of our solar system's history?24:20 What research is being done now about Panspermia?25:40 Grabby vs Non-Grabby Aliens28:40 They're either there or not 30:40 Congressional hearings on UFO's32:00 Old crazy theories can become fact, like meteorites and pink lightning34:50 Robin is evaluating how 'crazy' these theories are, which one's can be dismissed and which can't37:05 4 categories of UFO reports. 1: Mistakes/Errors37:50 Category 2: Hoaxes41:55 Many reports are category 142:55 Some reports fit well into category 243:40 Next 2 categories. 3: Built on earth. 4: Built outside of earth45:25 Evidence trumps chance, but I can make a reasonable theory for each category47:50 Category 2 vs 4: Lying and Hoaxes could be working49:00 What about the Nimitz Incident 50:20 Uncertainty can be used to your advantage54:05 OutroPart 2 coming soon!!

Port and Starboard, 2 affectionately named Orca's that have been visiting Cape Town's shores over the past few years seem to be responsible for the disappearance of the once common Great White Sharks! Are these 2 individuals really responsible for chasing them ALL away? Join Martin as he shares his thoughts about a recent study that found that these whales were linked with the disappearance of the Great Whites. Orca's are incredibly intelligent animals, come learn more about them!Important Times:00:10 Hello and welcome!01:20 Shark Shield02:40 Orca's and Great White Sharks04:15 Why are the sharks disappearing?07:00 Orca brains09:50 They are very culturally specific and don't mix with other groups and hunting styles12:45 The findings of the study done in South Africa15:35 What are Great White Sharks most scared of?17:20 An alternative theory

Yannis Papastamatiou definitely studies one of the coolest animals in the world: Reef Sharks! We talk about all things Reef Sharks, the many different types, new info on their body language, communication and what their society is like.Yannis tells us about his research and theories on these interesting animals! When you hear sharks, you don’t think of social animals - this should change your mind!Follow him on Instagram @yannispapastamatiouImportant Times:00:10 Intro00:55 Welcome Yannis! What is your background with sharks?02:25 Are sharks ‘social animals’?04:25 What species of shark are we talking about?05:10 Tell us about Reef Sharks - are they one species or many different ones?06:25 Notorious body language07:05 Attacking scuba divers or is it spearfishing?09:20 Do sharks form schools? School vs Shoal10:00 Some sharks seem to become friends11:30 How many sharks did you tag and how did you study them?13:35 Night time activity17:50 What fish do they eat? Do they target weaker fish?20:05 Sharks behaving similar to sharks22:35 Why do they pick friends?24:35 The mystery of shark pups: where are they?!27:25 Thanks for your time!

Today’s interview is with Douglas Chadwick, an American wildlife biologist, author, photographer and frequent National Geographic contributor. He has also written several books, most interestingly in this case he wrote a book called The Wolverine Way! You guessed it, it’s all about wolverines! Listen as Douglas tells us the unbelievable stories he’s experienced with Wolverines, why they are in so much danger and how he is pushing to save the natural world with a slightly different approach to most people. Buy The Wolverine Way & Four Fifths a Grizzly: A New Perspective on Nature That Just Might Save Us All from Patagonia!Important Times:00:10 Intro02:05 Welcome Douglas!02:40 Glacier National Park is still one of the wildest places04:25 The original food chain05:50 Public lands are important06:35 Wolverines in Glacier, how did they get there?07:20 I just finished reading The Wolverine Way! How did you start studying them?13:00 Trapping and tagging19:30 They can take down much larger animals20:45 They are mostly scavengers24:50 Handling the Wolverines27:20 Attacking humans32:20 Mountain climbers, why do they climb mountains?35:40 We didn’t expect they were climbing over mountains36:50 They are extremely territorial and one animal can cover huge areas of land38:25 The problem with National Parks -  they don’t solve the conservation problem!41:15 They have very unexpected family dynamics49:45 We need to connect conservation lands to eachother45:15 Are Wolverines on the endangered species list?57:35 Meeting captive Wolverines01:01:00 They can be breakout artists01:03:35 Reading a passage of The Wolverine Way01:07:20 Four Fifths a Grizzly: A New Perspective on Nature That Just Might Save Us All01:16:35 Outro

In 2009 Bob Pitman, his team and a BBC film crew were in Antarctica filming Killer Whales wave washing seals off of the ice as it had never been filmed before. What they witnessed next would blow them away! They captured evidence of Humpback whales actively protecting seals from Killer whales! Hear the story of this discovery and some interesting conversation about the new questions that this discovery made us ask. Please check out our YouTube channel The All Things Wild Podcast!Important Times:00:10 Intro01:20 Welcome Bob Pitman!02:05 Altruism in Humpback whales, what lead you to this point?08:15 Mobbing behaviour13:55 Natural instinct to react to predators17:00 Two main types of Killer whales in this area: fish eaters and mammal eaters19:15 Why isn’t this mobbing behaviour?21:28 Humpback calves don’t go to Antarctica 24:45 Do you think they know they are protecting a different species?26:22 Killer whales hunting in Western Australia28:10 Do you think the seal knew what was going on? Animals escaping predators by climbing onto your boat!31:00 Types of Killer whales in Antarctica: 5 types32:35 Where did this experience rank in your career?35:00 Dolphins helping people38:35 Altruism in humans40:05 Why haven’t Killer whales attacked humans?42:55 Killer whale intelligence44:00 Do they speak a language?44:40 Do they compare to human intelligence?45:20 Outro

Hello everyone and welcome to the show! Today’s episode is a little different to usual, it’s just me talking! Learn about the history of this podcast, what inspired it to begin with, what motivates me to keep it going and what lies in the future for the show. I have also recently found some really interesting information on wolves and how they hunt and perceive the world, including picking up on things that we are only now discovering, like the Grandmother Effect! We hope you enjoy today’s episode, we’ll be back next time with more interviews with experts from around the world!00:10 Welcome to the show! Let me introduce myself and tell you the history of this podcast!06:20 The future of the All Things Wild Podcast09:20 Interesting new information about wolves referencing the book: Wolves on the Hunt: The Behavior of Wolves Hunting Wild Prey by Daniel R. MacNulty, Douglas W. Smith, and L. David Mech10:45 The Grandmother Effect13:10 Closing thoughtsCheck out our YouTube channel: www.youtube.com/channel/UC5_MH_H-LW9ZUBR-layMc6w

Welcome back to the show! Today we have Cassie Volker of the Wild Dolphin Project and she studies aggression in dolphins! Did you know that dolphins can form small gangs which then go and beat up rival pods? Neither did we! Lot’s of super interesting info on today’s show, thank you so much Cassie for making time for this interview!Be sure to visit their website: https://www.wilddolphinproject.org/ and follow them @WildDolphinProject00:11 Hello and welcome back!02:10 Hello Cassie, welcome to the show!03:50 How long have you been doing this for?06:30 So you’re interested in dolphin aggression?07:55 How did you figure out what they were doing?09:50 Do they get injured?11:45 Orca attack16:15 Males or females?18:05 Youtube Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nce9LVlApzI)19:35 Coalitions and alliances in dolphin communities21:10 Do they practice their fight moves?22:30 Do these groups stay together?24:05 Separating from their mother’s25:45 Lamda the dolphin31:20 They seem to recognize individual people32:20 Bottlenose vs spotted dolphins36:20 How do the fights start?38:00 Worst injuries and have they hurt humans before?43:00 Reading their behaviour45:20 Dolphin vs chimp violence47:45 Communication in dolphins52:45 Dolphin language57:20 Your favorite moment in the water58:40 What do you think of their intelligence?01:01:20 Thank you Cassie!01:01:30 Outro

Jim Williams, author of Path Of The Puma, is on the show this week! Find out all about mountain lions, where they live, how they hunt and a bunch of interesting facts about them! They are very interesting creatures that are spread over a large area, come and learn about the similarities and differences between them and other big cats and how their relationship to humans is changing. You can find out more about his book here: www.pathofthepuma.comCheck out All Things Wild YouTube channel here: https://youtube.com/channel/UC5_MH_H-LW9ZUBR-layMc6w01:10 Hello and welcome to the show!02:55 Welcome Jim Williams03:30 You wrote a book, The Path Of The Puma04:40 It is an audio book too, how long did it take to make?06:15 You started out in marine biology?10:00 Decline in kelp forests and Great White sharks12:25 From working with dolphins to studying mountain lions?!18:25 What was it like working with dolphins? Do you think that zoos and aquariums are still necessary?25:40 Tell us about the Mountain Lion habitat30:00 Most of the time we don’t know they are around32:40 Great tracking story34:30 How do they compare to leopards?36:40 Jaguars37:55 Regional differences between the same species40:45 Mountain lion conservation should be an easier thing to get right42:30 People and mountain lions46:05 The hunters are leading the conservation for these cats50:55 Predator vs prey ratio55:25 Predators keep the food chain stable59:40 Glacier National Park01:02:30 Thank you for being on the show! Your last thoughts

Today's interview is with Dr Eduardo Mercado, a professor of psychology at the University of Buffalo in New York. He is interested in how humans and animal brains change when they learn new things, and more specifically to study animal cognition and in particular dolphin cognition. He has come across some startling new evidence that could rewrite a lot of what we know about Humpback whales and large cetaceans alike. Listen in on our interview as we find out Dr Mercado’s answer to “why do Humpback whales sing?”.Find his research here!Check out All Things Wild YouTube here:https://youtube.com/channel/UC5_MH_H-LW9ZUBR-layMc6wImportant Times:00:10 Intro01:15 Welcome Dr Mercado! Please tell us about yourself and what you study02:00 How did you end up studying dolphins and whales?04:35 So why do Humpback whales sing?06:05 Are these like bird songs?07:55 Other whales sing predictable and similar songs09:20 Regional differences11:55 What are the problems with the current accepted theories?16:50 Humpback mating has never been observed before18:15 Mating season22:45 So what do you think they are doing?27:00 Mapping the ocean’s whales30:55 What are the sounds they use? Tell us about the songs themselves32:30 What do you want to happen next with this research?34:50 Great experiment idea36:30 Convincing people and standing up to pushback from the scientific community39:30 Whale ears42:00 Echolocation controversy45:55 What are your next steps?47:40 How can people follow your research?49:25 Outro

Today’s episode is with Erik Frank from the University of Wuerzburg in the department of animal ecology and tropical biology! He has made some groundbreaking discoveries about ants, they have paramedics! The ants he studies, the Matabele ant, is constantly at war with termites, attacking multiple colonies per day to take them as food. These battles often leave ants injured. Erik has discovered that these injured ants are taken from the battlefield and nursed back to health by these paramedic ants!Get ready to have your mind blown and be faced with questions about consciousness, human society and life itself! Thank you Erik for being on the show!You can find him on Twitter @ETF1989Check out All Things Wild YouTube here: https://youtube.com/channel/UC5_MH_H-LW9ZUBR-layMc6wImportant Times:00:10 Intro01:30 Welcome Erik! How and why did you start studying ants?03:45 The Matabele ants04:55 The role and jobs of ants06:20 How are termites divided up? Workers and soldiers06:50 How do the ants kill the termites?08:05 Tell us about your big discovery: ant paramedics!12:45 Which ants do they help?14:00 The individual vs society17:45 Ants could be ahead of us in evolution19:25 How are they treating the injured ants?21:00 Ant anatomy: tongues22:00 How they treat wounds24:10 How long does the treatment and rehabilitation take?25:05 Could you describe the battle between the ants and the termites28:05 Termite foraging29:15 How far away do the ants and termites live from each other?30:30 What predators do these ants have?32:30 What decisions does an ant as an individual make? 33:25 Consciousness vs instinct34:30 What do you think? What’s your opinion on any consciousness?35:05 Brain size335:40 Do you think they are aware that they are alive?37:35 What is next for you? How can people find and follow your work?38:40 Outro

Today’s episode is with Lauren McGough, a social anthropologist passionate about flyingand hunting with eagles! She is one of the few people in the United States that actively fliesand hunts with eagles. When she was young she convinced her dad to take her to Mongolia,where they still hunt with eagles, to learn from the generations of eagle falconers there. Shehas a Golden and a Black Eagle that she hunts with! Listen in on the interview and learnsome really interesting things about birds of prey and hunting using eagles!Visit her website laurenmcgough.comFind her on Instagram: @eaglefalconerCheck out All Things Wild YouTube here: https://youtube.com/channel/UC5_MH_H-LW9ZUBR-layMc6wImportant Times:● 00:11 Intro● 01:20 Hello Lauren! You fly eagles, tell us about that!● 01:50 What is a Black Eagle?● 02:55 Can any Raptor species be taught to hunt with humans?● 05:38 Origins of Falconry● 06:40 How did you go to Mongolia and learn to fly eagles?● 12:05 Tell us about Mongolia!● 17:30 How long ago have eagles been used for hunting?● 20:40 Regional prey● 22:20 What’s the biggest prey that a Golden Eagle can take?● 31:40 What speed do they go?● 33:20 Eagle intelligence● 36:17 Caring for eagles● 42:10 Training eagles vs other birds● 46:35 Raising birds and rehabilitation● 52:44 Birds getting lead poisoning from hunter’s bullets● 55:45 Hunting environment● 01:00:05 Do eagles hunt Coyotes?● 01:01:10 Quick questions: Favourite memory from Mongolia● 01:03:55 Favourite eagle you’ve ever flown● 01:09:20 How happy are people in Mongolia?● 01:12:56 Thank you for your time! How can people contact you?

With all the crazy stress and noise that daily life has been throwing at us lately, we all need to get outside into nature to relax and unwind. A great way to do that from the comfort of your own home is to get into Birding, get an identification guide and try find out what types of birds visit your garden or that you see in daily life. One type that you will definitely find is the House Sparrow and despite being the most common bird around, their numbers are declining massively! Today’s episode is with Harry Munt, a passionate birder and a student of wildlife management, who has set up a group that aims to stop the decline of House Sparrows in modern and urban environments. There are well over a billion individual birds that cover the earth and are the most common bird most people see, yet their numbers are dropping fast! They have a hidden link with humans, some of the first human remains being found with Sparrow bones shows a species long connection with humankind. They also play a big part in controlling pests and diseases, the Great Chinese Famine of 1959-1961 is the perfect example of the importance these birds play and why it is so important that they are able to survive and continue into the future. You can find out more about Harry’s work on SaveTheHouseSparrow.com or on Instagram or Twitter with the handle @save_the_house_sparrows. Enjoy the episode and let us know what you think of it! Do you see many House Sparrows where you live? Also, here is the link if you are interested in Shrek’s 99 Spero Recipes Cookbook https://www.noobspearo.com/Check out All Things Wild YouTube here: https://youtube.com/channel/UC5_MH_H-LW9ZUBR-layMc6w00:11 Intro 03:00 Welcome to the show! Tell us about House Sparrows and your organization 05:39 House Sparrows in North America and how they spread 08:16 They are very social but get aggressive 10:25 Social structure 14:12 Hierarchy 17:33 Intelligence 21:08 Diet 22:25 Do they mate for life? 24:07 They use beneficial plants 25:50 The origins of House Sparrows and how they spread all over the world 29:44 Pest control and the Great Chinese Famine of 1959-1961 36:17 European House Sparrows 39:30 Why they are in decline 40:47 Mining with birds 42:58 Bugs don’t hit your windshield anymore 46:06 Urban and modern issues 48:13 Hedges are great for House Sparrows 49:49 Sparrow Hawks 53:40 Cats 55:48 Predators keep the population healthy 57:15 How you can stop your cats killing birds 59:10 What do Sparrows talk about when they sing and shout? 01:03:12 What things is your organization doing? 01:08:55 What law changes would you like to see? 01:11:00 What can we as the public do?01:12:40 How to put up birdboxes 01:17:50 How can people reach you? 01:21:44 Thanks Harry!

Liah McPherson is the next guest on the show! She is a Masters student with theMarine Mammal Research program through the University of Hawaii and a field assistant with the Wild Dolphin Project in the Bahamas. I was able to join her and the Wild Dolphin Project on their boat in the Bahamas doing research on Spotted dolphins!Important Times:● 00:11 Intro● 02:23 Hello again Liah! You have a really interesting lifestyle, introduce yourself!● 03:28 Why did you choose to study dolphins?● 05:08 Spinner dolphins and the species you study● 05:57 Using drones● 07:00 What research are you doing in Hawaii?● 09:48 Tell us about these Spinner dolphins!● 11:45 Why do they spin?● 13:00 How do they rest and sleep?● 14:45 Do they travel as a group?● 18:42 Conflict with humans● 21:28 Federal offense if you get too close to them● 24:56 Spinner vs Bottlenose dolphins● 27:38 What research are you doing in the Bahamas?● 32:44 Favorite memory with the dolphins● 33:22 Taking samples● 36:46 Seaweed game they play with humans● 40:09 What is the coolest part of your job?● 41:02 Martin’s experience with a baby Dolphin named Basmati● 42:16 Do you feel like you’re swimming with an intelligent animal?● 43:10 Language and communication● 45:45 How do they navigate?● 47:26 Humans using echolocation● 48:00 Sound underwater● 48:32 Triangulating individual dolphins from their sound● 51:25 Thank you for being on the show! Any last thoughts?Liah’s Instagram: @mcfearsomeWild Dolphin Project: @wilddolphinprojectMarine Mammal Research Project: @mmrp_uh

Lindsay Lyon is the CEO  of Ocean Guardian, a company that manufactures sharkdeterrents! Can you really put a device on your surfboard or attached to your leg that willstop a 15 foot Great White Shark from attacking you? Ocean Guardian claims to do just thatand have the evidence to prove it works! He has a small company down in Western Australiawhere they manufacture a whole range of shark deterrent devices: for surfboards,spearfishing and diving, boating and angling. In 2018 they changed their name in OceanGuardian to make a name that would stand out and prove itself to be trustworthy. There is aton of great footage HERE of the Ocean Guardian in action! They also have plans to makethe world's first electric shark barrier to make sharky beaches safer to swim in, protectinghumans and sharks! Ocean Guardian products are designed to reduce the risk of sharkattacks, letting you enjoy the ocean without fear.Check out All Things Wild YouTube here: https://youtube.com/channel/UC5_MH_H-LW9ZUBR-layMc6wCheck out Ocean Guardians website here: https://ocean-guardian.com/● 00:11 Intro● 02:06 Hello Lindsay! Have you always been surfing? What is it like in WesternAustralia?● 04:38 What is the technology you use and where did it come from?● 05:50 We developed an entire range of shark deterrents, the marketing is just reallydifficult● 07:00 There are a lot of myths about these “shark shields”, why do people have sucha sceptical view on them?● 08:57 Where did the name come from?● 10:05 How does Shark Shield Technology work?● 12:04 Ampullae of Lorenzini, small gel sacks on shark’s noses that detect electricalfields● 13:22 We create an electrical field with two stainless steel electrodes● 15:17 It does NOT attract sharks● 15:50 Peer research● 18:52 It can be very helpful for spearfishing● 21:58 These are safety devices, designed to reduce risk of attack● 22:50 Shark attacks are extremely rare● 24:25 We made these products so that you can enjoy the ocean without fear, thepsychology of fear of sharks● 26:14 Sharks learn that the sound of a speargun being fired means free food● 27:57 The danger depends on where you are, what is the most dangerous oceanactivity?● 29:09 Fatalities in Western Australia, the government gives you money to purchasean Ocean Guardian device!● 31:41 Are surfing attacks a case of mistaken identity?● 32:30 Testing footage● 35:30 Big sharks are smarter, most attacks are from younger sharks● 36:26 Great White, Bull Shark and Tiger Sharks are responsible for around 97% ofhuman attacks. The technology works better the bigger the shark● 38:03 Shark attacks and population growth● 39:26 We have a program to help survivors get back into the water● 42:12 Shark Barrier: an electric alternative to shark nets● 43:22 We have products for surfing, diving, boating, ocean fishing and now sharkbarriers● 48:55 Sharks are treated very unfairly by society● 49:47 Great White Shark diving in South Africa: the sharks have all disappeared!Could Killer Whales be to blame?● 52:05 Toe nibbling Killer Whales● 53:00 Great Whites in Australia● 53:54 Outro

Today we have Dr. Lynn Sneddon of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, she is aleading researcher of animal welfare and is particularly interested in aquatic animals. Sheasks questions like “do fish experience pain?”, how can we minimise the suffering of fishwhen we catch them and overall promote a better and more humane fishing industry. Wechat about recreational fishing, spearfishing and commercial fishing and how they compare.She also gives us some tips and advice on caring for your catch, the best way to dispatchand store your fresh catch and how catch and release fishing can better look after the fish.The best way for you to care for your catch is using barbless hooks, knotless nets and if youare going to eat them, kill them quickly and efficiently. Do NOT let them suffocate, it is badfor the fish and it spoils the meat. Is harvesting your own meat or buying it from the storemore ethical? Send us your thoughts on this topic, we’d love to hear from you! Let us knowwhat you think of this episode!● 00:11 Intro● 01:09 Dr. Lynn thanks for being on the show! Tell us about your background and thesubject you study● 03:15 Testing if animals have the same brain structure for pain● 06:20 The effects of pain● 07:28 The difference between pain and the desire to not be eaten● 08:08 Where did the idea of “fish can’t feel pain” come from?● 12:10 What does pain and consciousness have to do with each other?● 16:35 Emotional vs sensory pain● 18:43 Reflex response vs actual pain, does the animal’s behaviour changepermanently or is it just a reflex?● 21:11 Crabs and lobsters● 22:13 Speciesism: what is an animal's life worth?● 27:27 Where do you draw the line?● 30:41 We are not in a position to judge and rank an animal's pain as more or lessimportant● 31:14 Basic fish physiology: how do they experience their world?● 32:30 They live in a visual and chemical world that can detect movement well. Somefish even use electricity!● 33:49 Rainbow trout’s lateral line detection● 34:25 How do rainbow trout see at night?● 35:22 Fly Fishing at night● 36:00 Recreational fishing, how do you feel about it?● 38:11 Improving fish welfare: using barbless hooks, knotless nets, killing quick andefficiently and not letting them suffocate. Do not let them suffocate!● 40:09 The best way to dispatch a fish● 40:19 What do you recommend for catch and release fishing?● 41:09 Catch and release mortality rates● 42:23 Would it be more humane to kill an injured fish than to let it die out in the wild?Common myths and misconceptions● 43:28 Scaling care up to commercial fishing● 44:26 Bringing up the catch slowly, get better at avoiding by catch, cameras on thebait and some boats stun the fish with electricity● 45:13 The public drive the push for animal welfare● 46:07 Harvesting your own meat vs from the shop: which is more ethical?● 48:45 Better welfare products are more expensive, the public pushes the prices downwhen they demand it● 50:04 Do you have a book or any way that people can support your work?Follow Dr Lynn Sneddon on Twitter! @LynneUSneddon

Simone Cook is a long time falconer, has served as director and coordinator for manyfalconry associations across North America. She holds a degree in biology and is anexpert at raising, caring for, training and hunting with birds of prey! Join us as welearn all about hunting with birds of prey, what it takes to care for and keep them andhow you can get involved and become a falconer yourself!● 00:12 Introduction● 02:00 Hello Simone!● 03:05 What is Falconry and how did you get into it?● 04:38 Does your bird bring its prey back to you or do you go to it?● 05:28 We went on our first trip when I was 8.● 06:36 Don’t become a falconer, it’ll take over your life.● 07:36 You need a permit, there are 3 levels: apprenticeship for 2 years - graduate togeneral class for 5 years - graduate to master falconer.● 09:20 Why do you use ferrets?● 10:34 Confusing species.● 11:40 Your first hunting trip!● 12:57 Misconceptions● 14:45 Males are smaller than females, they are very vocal when they fight.● 17:24 Modern problems for raptors.● 18:19 Do you hunt for food?● 20:33 People have been using falcons for hunting for 1000’s of years.● 21:43 The origins of falconry● 22:23 Hooding the bird.● 23:53 Where do you get the birds from? Do you grow them from eggs or just userescues?● 25:15 General and Master falconers are allowed to take a bird from a nest in the wild.When raised from so young they imprint and form a bond with the falconer.● 25:53 Tell us about the species you use.● 28:42 How many different species have you worked with?● 29:02 Bird abatement - keeping pest birds away from agriculture● 31:07 Are these birds all native?● 31:43 Are eagles used?● 34:25 We have great respect for the quarry (prey).● 35:09 Do you ever feel bad when your bird kills its prey?● 39:19 Are they territorial?● 40:46 My Red Tail reacting to another Bald Eagle● 43:03 Do people use birds for fishing?● 44:43 When starting, are there easier to work with species or are individuals unique?● 45:49 You NEED a permit to do this. You need to pass an exam as well as a sightinspection - this is highly regulated.● 47:03 Most people start with Red Tails but tend to let them go after a while● 48:05 They have personalities and are highly unique!● 48:58 The results really depend on being able to read your bird.● 49:53 Tell us about the facilities for keeping falcons.● 50:38 How do you look after the birds and how do you train them? 2 main seasons:hunting season in fall and winter and off season in summer.● 51:50 They malt over the summer.● 54:54 You don’t need to make your birds hungry - their hunting instinct is enough.● 56:53 Why doesn’t the bird just fly away?● 58:10 What do you do to train them?● 59:39 Using lures● 01:01:53 How do you develop your relationship with the bird?● 01:02:41 They start as wild animals.● 01:03:35 Strobe lights?!● 01:05:56 Training trust.● 01:09:30 Do some birds just fly away?● 01:11:13 I’ve even lost my bird, we use telemetry (a transmitter) to keep track of themif they get lost.● 01:14:14 They revert to a wild state very easily.● 01:17:43 Is the training process dangerous to humans?● 01:19:56 Have you been bitten before?● 01:22:48 Tell us about the talons.● 01:24:57 Take us through a Red Tail hunt for Cottontails and Snowshoe Hares.● 01:31:27 How fast do Red Tail Hawks fly? Peregrine falcons go over 200MPH!● 01:33:48 Veterinary treatment: Acupuncture?● 01:37:31 Which species of bird gives the most impressive hunt?● 01:38:08 Do they impact and knock out their prey?● 01:42:08 How can people get started and involved in falconry? Join a club andcontact your authorities. There is the North American Falconers Association(

Contact Me.       Support APOPO Today’s episode is with Dr Cindy Fast. She works with the non profit APOPO intraining their HeroRATS: rats that are able to detect hidden landmines from old warsas well as to smell and detect Tuberculosis! She and APOPO are based in Tanzaniabut send out their highly trained rats to countries with many lost and unexplodedmines like Cambodia and Angola. They also assist Ethiopia and Tanzania to fightTuberculosis by detecting positive cases quicker and more reliably than technologycan. Join us as we get a peek into the world of rats and see the ways they can helpmake the world better! Has this episode changed your opinion about rats? You caneven adopt one of the HeroRATS! Check out Apopo.org for more!● 00:10 Intro and message from Old Man Blue● 02:20 Hello and welcome! What's your background and how did you get involved withthis type of work?● 05:00 What first sparked your interest in rats?● 06:08 I was nervous about doing research with animals but I was surprised at howwell they treated the rats● 07:06 What’s it like having a rat as a pet? Are they tame or domesticated?● 08:00 How would you compare their intelligence to a dog or a cat?● 10:05 Rats are extremely intelligent. All they want to do is find food. They also laughwhen tickled● 11:53 How social are rats? We work with the African Giant Pouched Rats● 12:30 Are they territorial?● 13:38 Do the parents stay together?● 15:13 Where in the world are you based and why did you choose this species of rat?We are Apopo and we are based in Tanzania● 15:55 Apopo had the idea of training rats to detect landmines● 17:54 Rats are too light to set off the mines● 18:49 Are people afraid of rats over there like we are here in the US?● 20:37 Which other countries do you work in? We train the rats in Tanzania and sendthem to Angola and Cambodia, and to detect TB in Tanzania and Ethiopia● 22:15 Are things getting better in Cambodia?● 23:52 And in Angola and Tanzania?● 25:20 How do you train the rats to detect mines and TB?● 26:06 Give them a food reward for identifying a target scent● 28:50 Would rats be helpful to labs here in the US?● 30:15 How do you train them to smell TB?● 30:53 We teach them to react to a click sound● 34:45 How do the rats signal a positive result?● 35:40 Do they try to trick you into giving them food?● 36:58 How long does the training take and how young do you start to train them?● 39:43 Is the process the same for the land mine detecting rats?● 42:03 How do they navigate a search grid? By using rope!● 43:43 How many landmines have your rats found?● 46:24 Where are you detecting TB? 2 labs in Tanzania and 1 in Ethiopia● 46:55 Is there a vaccine for TB? By don’t other countries have more problems with it?Is there a goal to eliminate TB in those countries?● 51:42 How effective have the rats been in the war against TB?● 52:50 Rats don’t need power where machines do● 53:45 How can people support your work? Apopo.org - Adopt a rat! Get some coolrat merch!● 55:18 Rats have so much potential to help us against poaching and trafficking,search and rescue and so much more● 57:24 Thank you for being on the show!

OctoNation is the world’s largest octopus fan club, started in 2015 by Warren Carlyle. As akid growing up, there were very few resources and little information available about theoctopus, he set out to change that and started what has become the world’s largest octopusfanclub! Join us for this episode and get a small taste of the truly amazing world of theoctopus!● 00:11 Intro● 02:07 Thanks for being here Warren, you have THE coolest Instagram page● 03:48 How did OctoNation start? I liked aliens● 05:45 In 2015 I read Soul Of The Octopus by Sy Montgomery, started an Instagramaccount● 07:57 We hired influencers, this was the dawn of the influencer age● 09:00 Reverse engineer people who are interested in the octopus● 10:40 “Are they even endangered?!”● 11:23 You collaborate with scientists?● 13:39 We eventually started a non-profit organization● 16:00 Children love the octopus● 17:50 They can edit their RNA?● 19:30 They have blue blood● 20:06 New deep ocean species are being discovered● 21:10 Warty octopus sits on her eggs for 4 years● 22:39 They have a decentralized nervous system, how do they control their arms?● 24:17 They have chromatophores, iridophores, photophores.● 26:10 Octopus eyes● 26:56 Octopuses are real Pokemon, their were so few resources● 28:16 Bats and dolphins gave us echolocation, imagine what technology an octopuscan give us● 29:47 Does it control its legs consciously?● 31:21 Farming octopus and raising them in captivity● 32:56 We plan to fund research● 33:24 Hairy octopus● 34:44 Sy Montgomery, The Soul Of The Octopus● 36:00 People will protect what they love● 37:33 Even crows are interesting● 41:25 Mimic octopus● 43:40 Octopus self defense is to cling and stay away from your mouth● 45:05 They are den animals, very calculated and efficient● 46:16 Algae octopus● 47:57 Octopuses are extremely strong● 50:28 Do they bite humans?● 52:29 OctoNation merch● 53:30 Outro