Disaster Podcast

Helen Hynson Vettori (https://www.helenhynsonvettori.com/) is a former EMT/paramedic and retired senior medical intelligence analyst at the Department of Homeland Security. We have her on the show to share her insights and the two sci-fi thriller novels she wrote based on her experiences. Helen channeled her real-world emergency response and pandemic-planning experience into her sci-fi disaster thriller series, beginning with Black Swan Impact and followed by Black Swan Shock. A “Black Swan” event is a term used to describe a catastrophic incident that no one could have foreseen or imagined because of its unprecedented impact. Helen didn’t imagine crisis from the outside, rather she spent years preparing for biological threats, including pandemics, and then watched COVID unfold in real time. That insider perspective and her frustration with confusing messaging and federal missteps became the fuel for fiction that feels uncomfortably plausible. Dr. Joe Holley from Paragon Medical Education Group joined the podcast as well as our disaster emergency management expert Becky DePodwin and our disaster weather expert Dan DePodwin. The episode is co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Winter Storm Impact and Preparations The meeting focused on a major winter storm expected to impact large parts of the United States, with Dan providing detailed forecasts of snow, ice, and travel disruptions across multiple regions. The group discussed the storm’s potential effects on various cities, including Oklahoma City, Atlanta, and the Northeast, emphasizing the danger of ice accumulation and power outages. They also advised listeners to consider rescheduling flights and prepare for travel disruptions, particularly in the affected areas. The conversation ended with an introduction to their guest, Helen Hinson Vittori, a former EMT and intelligence analyst at the Department of Homeland Security, who will discuss her experiences during the pandemic. Emergency Response Expert’s Pandemic Novel Helen shared her extensive background in emergency response, including her work as a paramedic, her role in biothreat planning at DHS, and her experience creating pandemic response plans. She retired in 2018 but became concerned about the government’s response to COVID-19 in 2020, which led her to write a sci-fi political thriller novel called “Black Swan Impact” that explores a catastrophic pathogen event in the year 2113. The novel served as a cathartic way for her to process the chaotic response to the pandemic she had witnessed firsthand. Emergency Preparedness Through Personal Writing Helen shared her experience as an emergency manager and author, discussing how writing provided her with both peace and a mission to educate others about emergency preparedness. She emphasized that individual preparedness is crucial for both personal and community-level disasters, and highlighted a book club question in her second book, “Black Swan Shock,” that encourages readers to assess their own emergency preparedness. Federal Pandemic Planning and Leadership Helen shared her experience working on federal pandemic plans and witnessing their partial abandonment during the actual crisis, expressing disappointment in leadership’s failure to communicate effectively and adhere to established protocols. The discussion explored how better preparation and public education could improve future responses to pandemics and other disasters, with Helen emphasizing the importance of all-hazard planning that starts at the individual level. The group agreed to have Helen return for another podcast episode, and several connections were made between participants for future discussions. Wrap up and updates The team went through contact information and Joe shared that Paragon is working on a new cadaveric-based simulator for pericardial tamponade training. The team encouraged listeners to stay safe and check out Helen’s books. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

We delve into the recent surge of Influenza cases across large swaths of the United States in recent weeks. This year is shaping up to be a particularly difficult year for health care facilities and the patients who need them for treatment. Dr. Joe Holley joins us today to discuss what he’s seeing in the Memphis, Tennessee area and what the national flu outlook is. The most common Influenza A strain right now is causing a surge in ER visits and hospital admissions across the U.S. right now. The dominant Influenza A strain for the 2025-2026 flu season is the A(H3N2) subclade K, a variant with notable mutations. The annual vaccine is moderately effective at preventing severe illness and hospitalization and the subclade K variant responds well to antivirals such as Tamiflu. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Flu Trends and Vaccination Impact Joe and Jamie discussed the recent surge in flu cases, particularly affecting unvaccinated individuals and those with underlying health conditions. Jamie shared his experience of being admitted to the ER with influenza A and noted that vaccinated individuals were more likely to be discharged. Joe confirmed that national trends showed higher hospitalization rates and deaths among the unvaccinated, elderly, and those with other medical issues. Flu Awareness for Healthcare Jamie shared his severe flu experience, which included a high fever, chills, and muscle cramps, leading him to seek emergency care. He emphasized the importance of flu awareness for healthcare professionals, noting the recent increase in flu-related deaths and pediatric deaths reported by the CDC. Healthcare Virus Transmission Prevention Jamie and Joe discussed protective measures for healthcare providers against virus transmission, emphasizing hand hygiene, respiratory protection, and avoiding confined spaces with sick individuals. Joe highlighted the risk of virus spread in confined environments like airplanes, while Jamie shared personal experiences and encouraged listeners to take transmission prevention seriously, noting its impact on their community. Post-COVID Brain Fog Symptoms Jamie described experiencing “brain fog” after recovering from COVID-19, which made mental tasks difficult and required significant mental effort. Joe explained that this could be due to increased inflammatory markers and the body’s energy expenditure in fighting the infection. Sam noted that their household member who had not been vaccinated experienced different symptoms, and both Sam and their household member took about two weeks to regain their energy levels. Influenza Symptoms and Management Joe explained that vaccination can reduce the severity of symptoms, and both Jamie and Sam experienced typical symptoms of influenza A, with Jamie noting the importance of IV fluids in managing his symptoms. Sam described severe gastrointestinal symptoms, while Jamie mentioned being prescribed Zofran despite not experiencing nausea. Joe elaborated on how dehydration and inflammatory mediators contribute to symptoms, and rehydration can help alleviate them. Winter Virus and Flu Updates Jamie shared his experience of being delayed for release from the hospital due to low blood pressure, which was unusual for him. The medical team tried various methods to increase his blood pressure, including making him angry and having him walk around. Joe explained that while having the flu is unpleasant, it leads to the development of protective antibodies. Sam noted that the flu often overshadows other winter viruses, and Joe confirmed they are still seeing a variety of other respiratory infections. Early Flu Treatment and Testing Joe and Sam discussed the importance of seeking medical attention and testing for flu symptoms, with Joe recommending early treatment with antiviral drugs like Tamiflu, which are most effective within the first 48 hours of symptoms. Sam acknowledged that healthcare professionals might be reluctant to visit doctors when they need to, possibly due to a false sense of invincibility. Jamie emphasized the significance of early testing and treatment for flu, aligning with Joe’s advice. Influenza Testing and Treatment Discussion The group discussed influenza prevention and treatment, with Joe emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and medication, particularly given the availability of over-the-counter rapid flu tests. Jamie noted that the COVID-19 pandemic had increased access to home testing, which Sam and Joe hadn’t previously considered. They agreed that while many people might choose to tough it out, getting tested early could be beneficial. Flu Prevention and Training Updates The team discussed the flu, including its incubation period and how it spreads. Joe explained that people are most infectious when symptoms start, as their viral load is high. Jamie mentioned that the team had been affected by the flu in various ways. Joe also shared that Paragon is working on a new cadaveric-based simulator for pericardial tamponade training. The team encouraged listeners to stay safe and follow guidelines to prevent the spread of the flu. The group discussed the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

We gather our podcast regulars for a look at the past year on the show with our 2025 Disaster Podcast year in review. Dr. Joe Holley joined co-hosts Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis for this episode. Kyle Nelson, Becky DePodwin, and Dan DePodwin sent in their top episode picks by email. Joe Holley kicks off the look back at last year with a vote for the clinical topics, especially the recent 5-episode run on head-up CPR during sudden cardiac arrest. We assembled a special page for the head up CPR topic with all 5 episodes listed. Joe also discussed the importance of understanding how research works and not to get caught up in a single social media post on a novel subject without really understanding the context amidst other research. His final choice was the look at K9 and USAR dog training with Kimberly Holley. Kimberly has extensive training alongside her two trained USAR dogs and the third dog she has in training. Kyle talked about the episode with the Combat Midwife, Jessica Arno. This was an in-depth look at maternal and pediatric disaster care. In addition, Stump Dan the weatherman was another favorite episode as host Sam Bradley used the internet to come up with some novel weather terms and try to stump our own Dan DePodwin. These episodes are an annual favorite as Dan has an amazing understanding of weather, especially winter weather. Investigating airline disasters with Edward Colson of Ready Northwest was one of Becky DePodwin’s favorites as we delved into aviation industry disaster planning. She also put in her vote for the Stump the weatherman episode linked above. Jamie added the annual look at the Winter X-Games in Aspen. Our own Kyle Nelson worked as Planning Section Chief for the incident management team before and during the event this past year and shared some of the challenges they faced making such an event as safe as possible. We covered many other excellent topics this past year. If you have a different favorite from the ones listed in this episode retrospective, leave your answer in the comments below. Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well.   Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions comes back for a final look at Head-Up CPR as we pull all the pieces from the earlier four episodes together. Dr. Joe Holley is back to bring in the latest research into the process as well. We will tie all this back to the global health disaster that is sudden cardiac arrest. Recent research from across the emergency medical community has pointed to impressive improvements in both return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) as well as survival to discharge and neurologically intact survival when compared to conventional supine CPR performance. We’ll have links below to some of those studies and papers. Research Bibliography for Head-Up CPR Studies The episode is co-hosted again by our regular hosts, Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Elevated CPR Series Episode One Elevated CPR Series Episode Two Elevated CPR Series Episode Three Elevated CPR Series Episode Four CARES Registry for Cardiac Arrest Stats Follow up on more of these segments as we continue to look at the current research trends in future episodes and what is on the horizon for the future. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Head-Up CPR Research Update Jamie and Sam discussed the upcoming podcast episode, which will focus on wrapping up the last four episodes about head-up CPR and recent research. They mentioned the challenges of implementing new approaches in rural systems with volunteer staff. Sam noted that Dr. Joe and Kurt Bramer have been working on presenting the information in a way that can be applied responsibly. Joe briefly mentioned that SENA teams were activated to assist with floods in Seattle. The main focus of the episode will be on the latest data on head-up CPR, including improved physiology, survival rates, and neurological function, particularly for non-shockable rhythms like asystole. Advantages of Head-Up CPR Studies Sam, Kurt, and Joe discussed the significance of two seminal studies on head-up CPR. The 2016 preclinical animal study showed significant improvement in perfusion when compared to standard CPR, with a synergistic effect when using additional devices like the ITD and suction cup. The 2022 independent registry analysis demonstrated that head-up CPR resulted in a five times greater likelihood of neurologically intact survival compared to conventional CPR, even up to 20 minutes post-cardiac arrest. Joe explained that the bundled care approach for cardiac arrest patients involves multiple components, including appropriate ventilation, high-quality CPR, and post-resuscitation care, all of which contribute to improved outcomes. Bystander CPR System Implementation The discussion focused on the importance of proper implementation of bystander CPR, AEDs, and advanced techniques like impedance threshold devices and suction cup CPR to improve patient outcomes, particularly neurologic ones. Kurt emphasized the need for a system-wide approach, from first responders to hospital care, highlighting successful partnerships like Louisville’s, where continuity of care is prioritized. Jamie inquired about best practices for implementing this system-wide approach, to which Kurt responded with examples from different regions, noting that while ideal partnerships exist, proactive agencies can still achieve good outcomes even with less supportive hospitals. Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Bundle Implementation The team discussed the importance of addressing multiple aspects of cardiac arrest resuscitation simultaneously, as highlighted by Joe, who emphasized that successful outcomes require implementing all elements of the care bundle equally. Jamie inquired about training approaches, to which Joe responded that effective training involves both initial instruction and ongoing feedback through quality improvement processes, stressing that successful resuscitations require adherence to the entire bundle rather than just some components. Prioritizing Tasks in Resuscitation Joe and Kurt discussed the importance of prioritizing tasks during resuscitation, emphasizing the need to focus on the overall process rather than individual steps. They highlighted the benefits of the Head-Up CPR model, which organizes priorities and reduces chaos during medical emergencies. Kurt explained that this method allows for more efficient and coordinated delivery of therapies, leading to better patient outcomes. Head-Up CPR Survival Benefits The group discussed two significant studies on CPR techniques. Kurt presented findings from a 2023 preclinical study showing that early administration of head-up CPR resulted in a 40% 24-hour survival rate compared to 9% for delayed conventional CPR. Joe highlighted an observational study from 2024 showing that head-up CPR improved survival rates for non-shockable rhythms from 2.8% to 7.6%, representing a nearly 3-fold improvement. Both studies suggested that head-up CPR could significantly enhance survival chances, particularly when administered early. Non-Perfusible Rhythm Blood Flow Method The group discussed a new methodology for perfusing patients with non-perfusible rhythms, which allows for continued blood flow and preserves neurological status. Joe explained that this could open up windows for interventions like ECMO or cardiac catheterization while CPR is underway. Kurt shared anecdotal evidence from agencies that have gained confidence in staying longer during arrests, leading to increased rates of ROSC in non-shockable rhythms. The group also touched on the importance of proper ventilation during CPR, with Joe highlighting the lack of focus on this aspect in many clinical trials. Head-Up CPR Survival Benefits Joe explained the concept of pressure-volume loops in CPR, demonstrating that head-up CPR generates greater blood flow and pressures compared to standard CPR. Kurt presented data from two studies comparing outcomes between CARES and head-up CPR data, showing improved survival rates for head-up CPR patients over one and five-year periods. The research suggests that head-up CPR may lead to better patient outcomes, though these findings were not included in the 2025 American Heart Association guidelines. Cardiac Arrest Economic Impact Discussion The group discussed the economic impact of cardiac arrests, with Kurt noting that the total cost per person in the US is approximately $4,000 annually, highlighting the need for improved resuscitation techniques. Jamie emphasized the importance of community contributions from survivors, while Joe provided recommendations for enhancing CPR quality, including the use of the Lucas 3.1 device with its enhanced lift feature and avoiding overly tight cervical collars during CPR to maintain blood flow. Improving Sudden Cardiac Arrest Response The meeting focused on sudden cardiac arrest, emphasizing its global impact as a leading cause of death. Kurt and Joe discussed the need for first response agencies and emergency managers to explore research and improve care delivery to enhance patient survivability. Joe highlighted the importance of understanding the physiology of cardiac arrest and considering new approaches, as current CPR methods have not changed in 50 years. Jamie suggested applying disaster management strategies to sudden cardiac arrest to improve outcomes. Joe mentioned upcoming procedural cadaver labs and ongoing work on superglottic studies and new airway management tools. Kurt provided contact information for further discussions and was invited to return for future updates on research. Podcast Series Conclusion and Future Plans The group discussed the conclusion of a podcast series on medical topics, with Kurt expressing gratitude for the opportunity to share his message and Jamie inviting him back for future episodes. They agreed to continue the conversation on social media and the Disaster Podcast website, with Kurt planning to draft questions for potential CEU credits. The group the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions returns again this week to continue the series on Head-Up CPR and other promising sudden cardiac arrest treatments. There are three previous episodes in this series. Elevated CPR Series Episode One Elevated CPR Series Episode Two Elevated CPR Series Episode Three Elevated CPR Series Episode Five After the severe weather update from disaster meteorologist Dan DePodwin, the Disaster Podcast team focuses on the science and physiology of Head-Up CPR. They ask why this approach provides for better protection of neurological function during a cardiac arrest. Dr. Joe Holley does an excellent job of describing the specific concepts of pressure gradients in blood flow to and from the heart during CPR in various patient positions. Kurt outlines what he calls the Four Rules of Head-Up CPR that are essential components for successful resuscitation during cardiac arrest treatment. These rules come from Dr. Joanna Moore’s Editorial The Do’s and Don’ts of Head Up CPR: 1) Use of Suction Cup CPR and an ITD 2) A Priming Period is Needed 3) Cannot Lift the Patient Too High 4) You Cannot Lift the Patient Too Quickly CARES Registry for Cardiac Arrest Stats Follow up on more of these segments as we continue to look at the current research trends in future episodes and what is on the horizon for the future. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Episode Opening segment and Weather update The meeting began with a discussion about travel weather for the country and record cold in many parts of the upper midwest and northeast with Dan DePodwin. The group then transitioned to their main topic, the physiology of CPR, with Dr. Joe Holley focusing our attention on the specific anatomy and process inside the body during CPR. Head-Up CPR Techniques Discussed Kurt and Joe discussed the importance of adhering to the “four rules” of head-up CPR, which were derived from a published editorial by Dr. Moore. They emphasized that studies showing no improved outcomes often violate these rules, highlighting the significance of proper technique. Jamie Davis, the host of the Disaster Podcast, introduced the episode, which would focus on the science and physiology of elevated CPR, while Sam and Dan briefly discussed the early winter weather conditions across the United States. Head-Up CPR Research Advances The discussion focused on head-up CPR, a novel research advancement in resuscitation aimed at improving neurologic survival. Kurt explained its origins, highlighting a case study involving a ski hill cardiac arrest patient who survived due to an elevated head position, which was later recognized as a critical factor. The conversation also touched on a study conducted in South Korea, where researchers developed a modified EMS stretcher to accommodate patients in high-rise buildings with small elevators, leading to the question of the optimal CPR position. Initial findings from animal studies suggested that a head-up position could reduce intracranial pressure, potentially improving outcomes during CPR. CPR Physiology and Blood Flow Joe explained the physiology of CPR, focusing on how differences in pressure inside the body create blood flow. He described how chest compressions increase intrathoracic pressure, pushing blood towards the brain and other areas of lower pressure. He emphasized that over-ventilation and incomplete chest recoil can be detrimental during CPR, as they prevent blood from flowing back into the heart. He also noted that patients who exhibit “guppy breathing” during resuscitation have a better chance of successful resuscitation. CPR Vacuum Technology and Physiology Joe explained the physiology of blood flow during CPR, focusing on the importance of preload and the manipulation of pressure differences between the thoracic cavity and the brain. He described how the ITD16 device creates a vacuum in the chest to enhance blood flow to the brain and reduce intracranial pressure. Joe also discussed the concept of “head-up CPR,” which combines enhanced vacuum with gravity assistance to improve blood flow and neuroprotective outcomes. Head-Up CPR Techniques and Safety Sam and Kurt discussed the importance of using proper equipment and techniques for head-up CPR, as outlined by Dr. Joanna Moore’s “four rules.” Kurt emphasized that suction cup CPR in conjunction with an ITD or rescue pod is crucial for effective and safe head-up CPR. He also stressed the need for a priming period, avoiding excessive head elevation, and slow head-up positioning to prevent blood from draining from the head faster than CPR can pump it back in. Kurt noted that studies claiming head-up CPR doesn’t work often violate these rules, highlighting the significance of adhering to the correct procedures. Head-Up CPR: A Novel Approach The team discussed the importance of proper technique in head-up CPR, emphasizing that it requires a bundled care approach with specific parameters to be effective. Joe and Kurt shared a case study of a retired fire chief who successfully underwent head-up CPR, highlighting the potential benefits of this novel approach. The discussion also touched on the concept of using a combination of therapies in resuscitation, similar to the drug cocktail approach used in treating HIV. Success Stories in Advanced CPR The meeting focused on sharing and discussing remarkable cases of successful CPR, particularly highlighting the concept of “head-up” CPR, which has shown improved outcomes. Kurt and Joe shared several stories of patients who experienced significant neurologic recoveries after cardiac arrests, with survival rates and recovery rates significantly higher than national averages. The discussion emphasized the potential of advanced CPR techniques to improve survival and neurologic outcomes, with Joe noting that two of his services have seen similar success rates. The group the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

We are joined by Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions again this week to continue the series on Head-Up CPR and other promising sudden cardiac arrest treatments. He and Dr. Joe Holley kicked off the discussion in two previous episodes. Elevated CPR Series Episode One Elevated CPR Series Episode Two Elevated CPR Series Episode Four Elevated CPR Series Episode Five We open this week’s episode with a holiday severe weather update from our disaster meteorologist, Dan DePodwin. He reports on several storm systems that will impact Thanksgiving holiday travel across the eastern half of the country. Following that update, we kick off episode 3 of our Head-Up CPR series with a look at the long history of the evolutionary changes to cardiac arrest treatment. Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions leads off with a response to some comments to the first two episodes in this series. A few listeners worried that we might sound like we were criticizing the individual responders on cardiac arrest calls over the low survival rates for the condition. The team made a joint statement that no criticism of providers in the field was intended. We all are providers ourselves and are merely commenting on the results that everyone has been getting in response to treating cardiac arrest. Some systems do better with resource management than others, but even those areas fail to save even a simple majority of their cardiac arrest patients. CARES Registry for Cardiac Arrest Stats Follow up on more of these segments as we continue to look at the current research trends in future episodes and what is on the horizon for the future. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary CPR Challenges and Future Improvements The meeting began with a discussion about travel weather for the Thanksgiving weekend, with Dan DePodwin warning of widespread lake effect snow in the eastern United States and a potential ground blizzard in the Dakotas and Minnesota. The group then transitioned to their main topic, CPR, where Joe clarified that their previous discussion about CPR’s limitations was not meant to criticize CPR providers, but rather to highlight the challenges and lack of progress in the field over the past 50 years. They planned to explore potential improvements to CPR in future episodes. Advancements in CPR Techniques Kurt Bramer, with 40 years of experience in EMS and emergency management, discussed the history of CPR, highlighting its evolution from mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to modern techniques. He emphasized the need for better tools and more effective methods for emergency responders, as current practices are often based on outdated or insufficiently tested techniques. The group acknowledged that while responders are doing their best with limited tools, recent research may lead to positive changes in CPR practices. They also touched on the introduction of high-performance CPR in the 2010s, which aimed to maximize the effectiveness of current technologies and minimize detrimental pauses during resuscitation efforts. Mechanical CPR Guidelines Review The discussion focused on the American Heart Association’s recent guidelines regarding mechanical CPR, which recommend against routine use but allow for exceptions like transport scenarios. Kurt and Joe highlighted that the guidelines lump together different types of mechanical compressors, ignoring their unique physiological effects and training limitations. They emphasized that current research primarily focuses on patient survival as an endpoint, which may not fully capture the benefits of mechanical CPR, such as improved blood flow and reduced pauses during resuscitation. The conversation also touched on the importance of considering neurological outcomes beyond mere survival and the need for better training on integrating mechanical devices into overall cardiac arrest management. Bundle Care Approach in Resuscitation The group discussed the bundle of care approach in resuscitation, focusing on the use of multiple therapies simultaneously to improve patient outcomes. Kurt and Joe highlighted the success of the ITD (Impedance Threshold Device) when used with high-quality CPR, leading to a 50% increase in one-year survival. They also noted that only a small percentage of resuscitation guidelines are supported by randomized control trials, emphasizing the challenges in interpreting research data. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions comes back on the show this week to continue the series on Head-Up CPR and other promising sudden cardiac arrest treatments. He and Dr. Joe Holley kicked off the discussion in a previous episode. Elevated CPR Series Episode One Elevated CPR Series Episode Three Elevated CPR Series Episode Four Elevated CPR Series Episode Five In this second episode installment of the sudden cardiac arrest and CPR series Kurt and Dr. Joe Holley discuss some key flaws in approaching cardiac arrest research like other medical diseases and treatments. The large number of unknown and uncontrollable variables surrounding sudden cardiac arrest make it hard for randomized control trials to effectively pinpoint positive treatment modalities. CARES Registry for Cardiac Arrest Stats Follow up on more of these segments as we continue to look at the current research trends in future episodes and what is on the horizon for the future. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Challenges in Resuscitation Research Funding Kurt discussed the paradox between resuscitation research and orphan drugs, highlighting how both lack funding despite their importance. He explained that orphan drugs target rare conditions, making research and development challenging due to limited market potential, similar to the situation in cardiac arrest resuscitation, which is a leading cause of death worldwide but receives limited research funding. Joe agreed, noting that complacency and insufficient focus contribute to the lack of high-quality research and implementation of new techniques in cardiac arrest resuscitation. Sam questioned the reliance on randomized control trials as the gold standard for evaluating resuscitation therapies, suggesting a need to explore alternative research paradigms. Propensity Score Matching in Research Kurt explained the concept of propensity score matching, a statistical analysis tool that allows for patient-to-patient comparisons using control groups not part of randomized trials, by matching variables such as age, downtime, and bystander CPR. Joe elaborated on the challenges of conducting cardiac arrest resuscitation research, highlighting the difficulty of patient participation in randomized trials and the need for large patient numbers to account for numerous impactful details. Jamie questioned the acceptance of different statistical analyses, to which Kurt responded that the issue is primarily one of unfamiliarity, as propensity score matching is widely used in other industries but not yet fully embraced in medicine. Improving CPR Techniques and Trials Joe and Kurt discussed the challenges of conducting randomized controlled trials for cardiac arrest, noting the difficulty in controlling variables and the high cost associated with large-scale studies. They highlighted the importance of using large numbers of patients to account for variables and the need for funding, which is often scarce. Sam brought up the discovery of the ITD and the plunger concept, leading to the suggestion of placing a thumb over the end of the ET tube to enhance pressure differentials and improve blood flow during CPR. Joe explained the hydrodynamic principles behind this technique, emphasizing the role of pressure differentials in creating flow and enhancing cardiac output. Counterintuitive CPR Physiology Insights The group discussed counterintuitive aspects of CPR physiology, including how preventing air from entering the lungs during chest compressions can actually improve blood flow. Kurt shared that many of these discoveries were made serendipitously while studying the body’s response to cardiac arrest. The discussion touched on the challenges of rural emergency response and the importance of data collection in EMS agencies. The participants agreed to continue the series with future episodes focusing on heads-up CPR and various therapies, with Kurt promising to share survival stories in the next installment. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Kurt Bramer from Advanced CPR Solutions comes on the show this week with Dr. Joe Holley. Kurt has a background in EMS since 1979 and worked as an emergency manager in Minneapolis. He currently works for Advanced CPR Solutions as a clinical educator. Sudden cardiac arrest is a global disaster that rivals the recent viral pandemic in scope. Cardiac arrest is by far the number one killer worldwide according to every public health agency of note. Over the years, treatment of this problem has a less than 4 or 5 percent survival rate with only minor incremental changes to treatment modalities. CARES Registry for Cardiac Arrest Stats Episode 2 of Elevated CPR Series Episode 3 of Elevated CPR Series Episode 4 of Elevated CPR Series Episode 5 of Elevated CPR Series The regular treatment updates that go out every five years feature only relatively minor adjustments to treatments that aren’t all that effective. Part of the problem is that it’s nearly impossible to accurately study the effects of various treatments on cardiac arrest victims due to the wide variety of variables present. Follow up on more of these segments as we continue to look at the current research trends in future episodes and what is on the horizon for the future. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Advancing Cardiac Arrest Survival Strategies Jamie, Sam, and Kurt discussed the global disaster of sudden cardiac arrest, highlighting its prevalence and the low survival rate despite advancements in CPR. Kurt explained the distinction between evolutionary and revolutionary changes in resuscitation, emphasizing the need for significant innovations like public access defibrillation and rescue CPR. The group planned to explore these topics further in upcoming episodes, aiming to engage both EMS professionals and emergency managers in addressing this critical issue. CPR Practices and Research Evolution The group discussed the evolution of CPR practices and the impact of scientific research on patient outcomes. Kurt and Jamie shared their experiences with skepticism and complacency among emergency responders regarding cardiac arrest cases, noting that previous protocol changes often had limited effectiveness. The conversation highlighted the importance of evidence-based practices and the potential for new techniques, like active compression and decompression, to improve survival rates. Cardiac Arrest Survival Rates Challenges The group discussed the challenges and limited success rates in resuscitating cardiac arrest patients, with Joe noting that despite advancements, survival rates remain around 10-11%, equivalent to a 90% failure rate. Kurt explained that while the Cardiac Arrest Registry for Enhanced Survival (CARES) data shows a 10% overall survival rate, the rate for neurologically intact survival has remained below 9% since 2013. The discussion highlighted the difficulties in conducting research on cardiac arrest due to variables like CPR quality, EMS response models, and patient characteristics, leading Kurt to suggest that randomized control trials may not be the most effective research paradigm for this field. Challenges in Pre-Hospital RCTs The group discussed challenges in conducting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for pre-hospital resuscitation, with Joe highlighting significant variability in CPR quality and ventilation techniques. Kurt mentioned Peter Safar’s work and his belief that high-quality animal studies are needed before deploying therapies in uncontrolled EMS environments. The discussion also touched on the American Heart Association’s guidelines, with Joe noting that while these represent the state of science, local factors and resource constraints must be considered when implementing recommendations. Advancing CPR Techniques for Survival The meeting focused on a series discussing cardiac arrest as a global disaster, with a particular emphasis on improving CPR techniques. Kurt Bramer shared a case study from a ski slope where a patient’s recovery was attributed to the use of a rescue pump and the gravitational effect of being in an inclined position. The group discussed the potential of “head-up CPR” as a promising technique, and Jamie Davis announced upcoming episodes in the series. The participants agreed to continue exploring these topics in future discussions. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Marcus Coleman Vice President of Community Resilience Strategy, for the United Way Worldwide joins the podcast episode. He talks with the team about the 138 year history of the United Way and its commitment to 4 areas of community resilience: Disaster, Resilient Ecosystems, Economic Resilience, and Personal Resilience (personal connectedness and social capital). They commit to being there for people before, during, and after disaster strikes. Also joining us to participate in the discussion is our disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin. She brings her background to asking Marcus questions about the ways local communities are adapting to the rapidly changing Federal response system in the current environment. Tip Sheet PDF for United We Prepare Initiative United We Prepare Program Homepage The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Community Resilience and Climate Action The group welcomed Marcus Coleman, Vice President of Community Resilience Strategy for United Way Worldwide, and discussed his role in establishing public-private partnerships to promote community resilience and address the climate crisis. They briefly touched on recent weather patterns and the success of a recent podcast episode. United Way’s Crisis Response Initiatives Marcus explained United Way’s 138-year history as an interfaith organization that mobilizes communities during crises, with a focus on disaster response, environmental resilience, economic resilience, and social connectedness. He detailed how United Ways activate locally during disasters through partnerships with organizations like the Red Cross and Salvation Army, leveraging their 2-1-1 information service and existing community relationships. Marcus highlighted their role in both immediate disaster response, as seen in recent events in Texas and Alaska, and long-term recovery efforts, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, where they focused on mental health support and trauma recovery. Mental Health in Disaster Recovery The discussion focused on the importance of mental health support in disaster recovery, with Becky highlighting how survivors cope with both physical and psychological impacts after disasters. Marcus shared an example from Valdosta, Georgia, where the local United Way, in partnership with Resilient Georgia and Legacy Behavioral Health Services, has expanded mental health training and support for both survivors and first responders following three hurricanes in 18 months. The conversation emphasized the role of United Ways in connecting communities to mental health resources, particularly in the long-term recovery phase when emergency responders have departed. United Way Disaster Preparedness Initiative Marcus explained United We Prepare, a national initiative by United Way to enhance disaster preparedness, focusing on risk understanding, family communication plans, and safeguarding valuables. He highlighted the role of local United Ways in coordinating volunteers, supporting caregivers, and integrating preparedness into existing community programs. Marcus also discussed how United Ways conduct community needs assessments to address housing insecurity and provide data for emergency operations planning. United Way’s Disaster Preparedness Efforts Marcus discussed United Way’s efforts in addressing food and financial insecurity, highlighting their partnerships with food banks and financial education initiatives. He also talked about their focus on hurricane recovery and preparedness, emphasizing the importance of building strong relationships with meteorologists and other emergency management professionals. Becky, a meteorologist, agreed on the importance of year-round preparedness and suggested that United Way continue to build relationships with local weather forecasting offices and private sector weather companies. She also expressed interest in how United Way might step in to fill gaps left by the federal government in disaster response. Lessons from FEMA Leadership Marcus reflected on lessons learned from past FEMA administrators, emphasizing the importance of whole community engagement, locally-led emergency management, and maintaining core values such as compassion and fairness. He highlighted the need for continued investment in emergency management systems and the role of United Way in supporting communities during crises. Marcus also discussed the challenges posed by pandemics, extreme weather, and misinformation, and the importance of positioning United Way as a partner of choice in navigating these disruptions. 211 Service Expansion and Impact Marcus explained the role of 211 as a free service connecting people to resources through referrals and partnerships with nonprofit organizations and government agencies. He highlighted that disaster-related assistance calls increased by 50% in 2024, with top needs including housing, utility, and food assistance. Marcus also noted that 211 complements local government services, providing support for non-emergency crises, and praised Heather Black for her leadership in mobilizing 211 systems across the United States and Canada. United We Prepare Initiative Overview Marcus explained the United We Prepare initiative, and discussed how it involves community-based organizations in 14 markets. He emphasized that the initiative provides resources for individual preparedness and encourages collaboration with local United Ways, which cover 95% of the country. Marcus also outlined various ways for individuals and nonprofits to get involved as volunteers, including connecting with local United Ways and utilizing the dedicated volunteer page on the United Way website. Marcus Returns for Disaster Preparedness The conversation ended with positive feedback about Marcus’s participation and an agreement to have him return for future episodes, particularly to discuss disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. Jamie expressed interest in featuring United Way representatives again and encouraged them to reach out for future discussions. Marcus offered to connect Jamie with local CEOs for more localized insights and emphasized the importance of community resilience. The group also discussed the upcoming release of the podcast episode and the potential for sharing it on the United Way’s website. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

credit — National Hurricane Center Tonight on the Disaster Podcast we dig into the expected impacts Hurricane Melissa will carry into Jamaica as it impacts the island country in the Caribbean. Disaster meteorologist Dan DePodwin and disaster emergency management expert Becky DePodwin join us this evening to look at the storm’s origins and projected track. Melissa threatens multiple countries with hurricane and tropical storm force winds. In addition to Jamaica, Cuba, the Bahamas, and Bermuda are all in the projected cone of travel. Additionally, Haiti and the Dominican Republic are getting peripheral storm effects. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Hurricane Melissa Impact Discussion Jamie hosted a mid-week update episode of the Disaster Podcast to discuss Hurricane Melissa, which is expected to be the strongest storm recorded worldwide in 2023. Jamie, Sam, and Dan discussed the storm’s potential impact, with concerns raised about entire communities being wiped off the coastline due to storm surge and prolonged winds. The team planned to bring in meteorologists and disaster management experts for further updates, and Jamie noted that this episode would be shorter than usual due to another episode already scheduled for Friday. Category 5 Hurricane Impact Assessment Dan explained that Jamaica and eastern Cuba are facing a dire situation due to an extremely strong Category 5 hurricane, Melissa, which rapidly intensified over the weekend. He noted that the storm is moving unusually slowly, which will prolong the impacts, including prolonged hurricane-force winds, significant infrastructure damage, and several feet of rain. Sam mentioned that this year has seen three Category 5 hurricanes, the most in a single season since 2005, and asked Dan about the rarity of such events, to which Dan responded that it is concerning, especially given the potential impacts of climate change on hurricane intensity. Rapid Hurricane Intensification Trends Dan explained that rapid hurricane intensification, such as Melissa’s recent rapid development, has become more noticeable due to improved monitoring and reporting, though the exact rate of such events is unclear. He noted several recent examples of rapid intensification, including Hurricane Michael and Otis, which caused significant damage. Sam asked about factors influencing hurricane speed, and Dan clarified that steering winds in the atmosphere determine a hurricane’s movement, with weak steering winds allowing Melissa to meander slowly across the Caribbean. Jamie raised concerns about the impact of storm surge on coastal communities, particularly critical infrastructure, and questioned how to effectively communicate such risks to the public. Hurricane Melissa Impact on Jamaica Jamie and Becky discussed the challenges faced by Jamaicans as Hurricane Melissa approaches, noting the lack of evacuation options due to economic dependencies on fishing and limited resources. Becky highlighted the storm’s well-forecasted nature but expressed concern about the prolonged impact and Category 5 intensity, emphasizing the logistical hurdles in providing aid post-storm. Dan provided an update on the storm’s projected path, predicting significant impacts in Jamaica, Cuba, the Bahamas, and Bermuda, with Jamaica expected to bear the brunt as the first landfall. He advised residents to remain in safe shelters and outlined the expected wind, flooding, and landslides in affected areas. Caribbean Hurricane Preparedness Concerns Becky expressed concerns about the impact of the upcoming hurricane in the Caribbean, particularly in Jamaica, noting that while the island has experienced hurricanes before, this one is expected to be significantly more severe. She highlighted the limited evacuation options and infrastructure challenges, suggesting that many residents may not be prepared for the magnitude of the disaster. Jamie mentioned that a Hurricane Hunter flight was aborted due to extreme wind conditions, an unusual occurrence that Dan might be able to provide more context on. Hurricane Hunting and Turbulence Challenges Dan discussed the National Hurricane Center’s report about a NOAA aircraft that encountered severe turbulence while flying through a storm, highlighting the challenges of flying into rapidly intensifying hurricanes. He explained that while commercial flights experience turbulence, hurricane flights can be significantly rougher, with large altitude changes and intense shaking. Dan also mentioned a notable incident during Hurricane Hugo in the late 1980s when an aircraft lost an engine, leading to changes in procedures. Becky and Sam discussed their interest in hurricane hunting, with Becky recalling a Hurricane Hunter Tour event they attended in Harrisburg, and Dan emphasized the importance of these flights for gathering critical data on hurricane structure and intensity. Hurricane Impact and Aid Planning The group discussed the recent hurricane and its impact on the islands, with Dan providing detailed information about weather research planes and their sensor technology. Jamie suggested reaching out to Nick for potential contacts and mentioned that Commonwealth nations might provide aid. The team expressed concern for the islands and emphasized the importance of preparedness, thanking Paragon Medical Education Group for their sponsorship. They agreed to follow up after the storm passes on Thursday and encouraged listeners to check out Paragon’s disaster training programs. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Tim Conley, Emergency Management Supervisor Mercy Health Care System. He’s also the co-founder of the IDMC (Interstate Disaster Medical Collaborative) with our co-host Sam Bradley. Sam invited Tim on the show to talk about his Illinois Regional Healthcare Coordination system. This allows local healthcare systems to collaborate to provide emergency and disaster preparedness systems to their regions. Joining us on the show tonight are our two disaster weather experts, Kyle Nelson and Dan DePodwin. We also have disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin. We discuss how collaboration before disaster strikes is essential to maximizing the ability to respond in a timely fashion when major events occur. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Illinois Preparedness and Response Discussion Jamie, Sam, and Joe welcomed Tim Conley to the show to discuss his work with the Illinois Preparedness and Response Coalition. Tim explained that his hospital has the Regional Healthcare Coordination Center (RHCC) for the northwest part of the state, and he helps with it but does not run it himself. The group briefly discussed Tim’s background and his previous appearances on the show. Jamie then introduced Tim to the audience and announced they were ready to start recording the episode. Northwest Illinois Preparedness Coalition Discussion The meeting began with a casual discussion about weather conditions on the East Coast, where Jamie described mild October weather with some rain from a nor’easter. Sam and Joe discussed the weather in Memphis, which had cooled off slightly due to the same storm. The group welcomed meteorologists and show regulars Becky, Dan, and Kyle to the meeting, and Dan provided an update on tropical weather, noting that while the Atlantic hurricane season is winding down, there is still potential for one or two more storms in the Caribbean over the next six weeks. The conversation then shifted to discussing a video Tim Conley had shared about the Northwest Illinois Preparedness and Response Coalition. Emergency Management Coordination and Preparedness Tim described his roles in emergency management, including his position as an emergency management supervisor for Mercy Healthcare System and his work with Medglobal’s chemical weapons training programs. He also discussed the Interstate Disaster Medical Collaborative, which helps states coordinate for preparedness, particularly through Regional Health Coordination Centers (RHCCs). Sam noted the potential shift of FEMA responsibilities to the state level, emphasizing the importance of his involvement given the uncertainty in federal requirements for RHCCs. Regional Health Coordination Centers Overview Tim explained the function of Regional Health Coordination Centers (RHCCs), using Illinois as an example, and described their role in disaster planning, training, and maintaining disaster warehouses. He highlighted the importance of establishing relationships and understanding capabilities before an event occurs, emphasizing that no single organization can meet all needs. He also discussed the Northwest Illinois Preparedness and Response Coalition, mentioning its two dedicated employees, medical director, and ongoing efforts to prepare the region for potential disasters through training, budgeting, and equipment maintenance. Emergency Management All-Hazards Approach Tim discussed the importance of an all-hazards approach in emergency management, emphasizing collaboration with various agencies and the establishment of MOUs with big-box stores to ensure 96-hour sustainability. They explained the setup and logistics of field alternate care sites, which are modeled after DMATs, and highlighted the complexity of logistics involved. He also mentioned the presence of ALS and hospital-based equipment in these sites, though they are not equipped for full ER care. Joe shared that similar networks exist in Memphis, with ongoing challenges in logistics and coordination, and mentioned an upcoming drill at the airport to test these systems. Rural Emergency Response Coordination Sam, Jamie, and Kyle discussed the importance of coordinated emergency response programs, particularly in rural areas. Kyle explained that Colorado has 11 RETACs to provide a coordinated approach for emergency medical and trauma care at the regional level, with each region having its own talk group on the state radio system. He emphasized the need for collaboration between hospitals, EMS agencies, and other response agencies to effectively handle planned events and emerging incidents, highlighting the vital role of coordination in areas with limited resources. Emergency Coordination Across Regional Centers The group discussed emergency coordination in Pennsylvania, with Tim sharing an example from Illinois where a tornado at the Apollo Theater resulted in multiple casualties and required medical dispersion across the region. They highlighted an ongoing IDMC project led by a Tennessee RHCC, which aims to connect emergency coordination centers across 20 states, with Tim encouraging RHCCs to participate. Dan, who was in New York City at the time, shared his observations about the differences between urban and rural emergency response settings. La Nina, X Games, Preparedness The group discussed the current La Nina weather conditions in the Pacific Ocean and its potential impact on winter weather patterns across the United States. They also talked about the upcoming Winter X Games in Aspen, which will include snowmobile events and concerts. The conversation then shifted to disaster preparedness and the importance of creating links between different organizations before disasters occur, especially given the current uncertainty at the federal level. The participants emphasized the need for states to be prepared to respond to their own disasters and highlighted the work being done by various states in this area. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

This week’s Disaster Podcast episode is a stump the weatherman episode with our disaster meteorologist, Dan Depodwin. Co-host Sam Bradley and Dan’s wife and disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin take turns with the terms. Dan rises to the occasion as he does every year and answers most of them correctly. Scroll down for more of the terms as he works through events like snow rollers, halos, seiche, and toad strangler. Frost Flower Image Link Hair Ice Image Link The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Tropical Storm Season Forecast Update Dan discussed the current and forecasted tropical storm activity, noting that Humberto and Imelda impacted Bermuda before moving towards Europe, bringing significant wind and rain to the UK. He explained that the tropical storm season typically ends on November 30th, with October averaging 3-4 named storms and November about 1. However, this year could see more activity due to favorable conditions like low wind shear and above-average water temperatures. Sam suggested they take turns monitoring the weather, finding the early part straightforward but anticipating more complexity as they progress. Seiche and Hail Storm Insights Becky shared her experience of seeing large hail during storm chasing in Oklahoma, noting that hail can grow up to 4 inches in diameter and record sizes have reached 7-8 inches. Dan and Becky discussed the definition of a Seiche, which Becky explained as a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water caused by long-period waves. Natural Phenomena Discussion The team discussed several natural phenomena, including snow rollers, halos, and toad stranglers. Sam explained that snow rollers are rare formations that require specific weather conditions, while Dan and Becky discussed sun and moon halos caused by light refracting through ice crystals. Becky then challenged the group with the term “toad strangler,” which refers to heavy rain leading to flash flooding in the southern United States. Types of Clouds and Their Meanings The group discussed various types of clouds, including Mattis Clouds, Gray Lady, and Mare’s Tails. Dan explained that Mattis Clouds are common with severe thunderstorms and indicate an unstable atmosphere. Becky mentioned the Gray Lady, referring to Nantucket’s nickname due to its frequent fog and gray architecture. Jamie shared that the term “Gray Lady” is also used in a science fiction series about Nantucket being swapped with a Bronze Age version of itself. Dan described Mare’s Tails as another name for cirrus clouds, which are the highest clouds and often signal an approaching change in weather. Weather Phenomena and Wildfires The group discussed various weather phenomena, including a Williwaw, a sudden blast of wind from mountainous coasts, and a Monkey’s Wedding, which refers to a sun shower in South Africa. They also explored the concept of a fire tornado, or a wildfire so intense it creates its own weather, and discussed pyrocumulus clouds formed by fires. Jamie shared insights on how wildfires and weather are interconnected, particularly in Western states like California. Understanding Weather Storm Terms The group discussed various weather-related terms, with Dan explaining that a Nor’easter is a storm that gets its name from the prevailing northeast wind direction, occurring most commonly in fall, winter, and spring but also happening in summer, often causing beach erosion and travel issues. Dan also clarified that a Pineapple Express is a flow of moist air from Hawaii that can bring significant flooding to the West Coast, particularly California, and is sometimes referred to as an atmospheric river. The discussion included other terms like Alberta Clipper, Manitoba Mauler, and Saskatchewan Screamer, which refer to specific storm tracks, and the concept of a Snow Eater, which describes a warm wind that quickly melts snow, particularly in the Rockies. Understanding Weather and Ice Phenomena The group discussed various weather phenomena and natural ice formations. Dan explained the concept of a “blue norther,” where temperatures drop rapidly from 50 to 0 degrees in about 4 hours. Sam shared information about “air ice,” a fungus that grows on tree bark and forms ice-like structures. Becky and Dan discussed the differences between sleet, graupel, and freezing rain, with Dan explaining that freezing rain is rain that freezes on contact with a surface below freezing, while sleet is partially melted snow that refreezes, and graupel is similar to sleet but forms in cold core systems. Sam also introduced the concept of “nieve penitente,” tall, sharp ice formations that resemble monks’ robes and form in high, dry environments through a process called sublimation. The group discussed several natural phenomena, including ball lightning, glory, and types of frost. Dan and Becky shared information about hoarfrost and rime ice, with Becky mentioning a notable hoarfrost event in State College. Jamie explained that ball lightning is thought to be caused by plasma bubbles formed from sunlight and lightning interaction. The group also discussed frost flowers, which Becky described as delicate strands of frost, though the exact formation process was unclear. Weather Phenomena and Meteorological Terms The group discussed various weather phenomena, including “weather whiplash” which refers to rapid changes between drought and flooding, and an “ACSL” or Alto Cumulus standing lenticular cloud, which Dan described as looking like a spaceship. Sam introduced the concept of a “space hurricane,” a newly coined term for a cyclone-like aurora where electrons rotate around a central eye. Becky explained the phenomenon of “anvil crawlers” – lightning bolts that crawl across thunderstorm anvils and can result in “bolts from the blue” when the anvil extends beyond the precipitation. The discussion concluded with the “lemon technique,” a method used by meteorologists to study updrafts and thunderstorm cells, which Dan revealed was named after Leslie Lemon, co-creator of the supercell conceptual model. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

In this week’s episode of the Disaster Podcast, we start off with a discussion of the possibility of dual hurricanes in close proximity inside the Atlantic Basin. This gives rise to the term Fujiwara Effect, which discusses the impacts two nearby storm systems have on each other based upon their relative storm strengths. Disaster meteorologist Dan DePodwin joins us to describe the tropical weather systems affecting the U.S. at this time and define this specialized weather event. We shift gears to our clinical topic, effects of various penetrating trauma on body systems. Dr. Joe gives and overview of the topic in various situations. Becky DePodwin, our disaster emergency management expert, asked about penetrating trauma caused by high speed wind events like tornados and hurricanes. Co-hosts Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis ask Joe about different aspects of penetrating thoracic trauma including a look at simple and tension pneumothorax injuries. Joe gives a great overview of this particular injury and field assessment and treatment. He says that the sign of tracheal deviation and jugular vein distention are over-valued as useful assessment tools in pneumothorax. Catch the episode for his full discussion. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Atlantic Storms and FujiwHara Effect The Disaster Podcast returned after a few weeks of absence, with Jamie Davis and Sam Bradley discussing current Atlantic storms and the Fujiwhara effect with meteorologist Dan. Dan explained that Tropical Storm Humberto and a potential Tropical Storm Imelda could interact in a rare phenomenon where storms circle each other, potentially steering Imelda away from the U.S. East Coast. He noted that while this interaction is less common in the Atlantic than the Western Pacific, the second half of hurricane season is expected to be more active due to favorable conditions. The discussion concluded with Jamie and Sam considering a potential disaster movie plot, while Dan clarified that while the Fujiwara effect adds complexity to storm modeling, accurate intensity predictions are crucial for forecasting its impact. Penetrating Trauma and Treatment Mechanisms Dr. Joe Holley explained the mechanics of penetrating trauma, focusing on how bullets transfer energy and cause damage through blast cavitation, which can be more severe with high-velocity, jacketed bullets designed to mushroom upon impact. He noted that while knowing the caliber or type of injury can influence treatment decisions, the primary focus is on controlling hemorrhage and addressing specific injuries like damaged organs or foreign objects. Becky raised questions about penetrating injuries from high-speed wind events, such as tornadoes, which Dr. Holley described as similarly violent but often more complicated due to the nature of the projectiles and increased risk of infection. Chest Trauma: Types and Treatment Sam and Joe discussed the complexities of chest trauma, focusing on the differences between open and tension pneumothorax. Joe explained how air escapes from the lung in a pneumothorax, leading to lung collapse, while in a tension pneumothorax, air is trapped in the chest cavity, causing increased pressure and potential damage to surrounding structures. Jamie highlighted the importance of transporting patients with such injuries to specialized trauma centers, as local hospitals may not have the expertise to handle these cases. Joe also mentioned that EMS can provide initial interventions like using a one-way valve bandage or inserting a needle to relieve pressure in a tension pneumothorax, but these patients often require more advanced care, including chest tubes and possible surgery. Head Injuries: Causes and Treatments Dr. Joe provided an in-depth explanation of head injuries, ranging from concussions to severe brain damage, including the causes and treatments of subdural and epidural hematomas. He emphasized the importance of managing intracranial pressure and described the use of a pressure monitor and spinal fluid drainage in severe cases. Dr. Joe also discussed the challenges of diagnosing tension pneumothorax in the field, noting that tracheal deviation and jugular venous distension are not reliable indicators and that healthcare providers should focus on listening for differences in breath sounds and chest movement, as well as assessing respiratory distress and hemodynamic compromise. Emergency Medicine Clinical Signs Reliability The group discussed the importance of understanding the reliability of clinical signs in emergency medicine, particularly focusing on the distinction between positive and negative indicators. Joe emphasized that while tracheal deviation and jugular venous distension are often taught as reliable signs, they are actually uninterpretable if not present, and students need better training in understanding the context of these findings. The team also discussed their social media presence and ways listeners can connect with them, including through the Disaster Podcast Facebook group and various social media platforms. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

In this episode of the Disaster Podcast, the team brings in professionals from across several hospital systems to look at how they prepare for incoming mass casualty patients. We talk about the kinds of drills the systems run, and also look at the various departments and how they respond in each type of situation. On the show are Dr. Joe Holley from Paragon Medical Education Group as well as working as a EMS medical director in Memphis, Tennessee. Joining us as well is Dr. Brian Froelke, one of the founders of IDMC (Interstate Disaster Medical Collaborative) and an ER doctor based in Missouri. We also are lucky to be joined by Rebecca Dougherty, LCSW, C-MHIMP, a mental health professional working specifically with medical professionals in the disaster response setting. She now works in private practice in St. Louis, Missouri. Minneapolis School/Church Mass Shooting Orlando Hospital Response to Pulse Night Club Shooting (Disaster Podcast Episode) Disaster Podcast Episode on Joplin, Missouri Tornado Response The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis and our disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin, joined in. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Minneapolis Shooting Emergency Response Sam discussed a recent shooting incident in Minneapolis that resulted in 22 gunshot victims, including two children killed and 18 others injured, with 15 being children. The emergency response was efficient, with ambulances reaching the scene within minutes and all injured individuals requiring hospital attention being transported within 25 minutes. Sam inquired about the hospital alerting system, which used the Zip it emergency messaging system to provide clear information about the injuries and estimated time of arrival. Brian, an EMS physician from St. Louis, was invited to share his expertise on emergency response systems and disaster medical response. Trauma Management and Communication Systems Brian discussed the frequency of shootings at their level one trauma center in St. Louis, noting that it’s due to selection bias from the greater area. He explained their early management of penetrating trauma and the use of whole blood products, which have been successful in saving patients. Brian also described their communication system with EMS providers through Javari, which uses a half-bed resource system for emergencies. Sam and Joe discussed other communication tools like Pulsara and Tennessee’s in-house system, with Joe mentioning its effectiveness for state-wide emergency responses. Memphis Trauma Response System Joe described Baptist Hospital in Memphis as a level 2 trauma center that coordinates with a downtown level 1 trauma center and pediatric facility. He explained that Memphis experiences significant gun violence but fewer active shooter incidents compared to other cities. Joe detailed their multi-level response system, which initially relies on the trauma team and ED staff before expanding to other hospital departments and external resources as needed, while also coordinating with EMS to direct patients to appropriate care facilities based on injury severity. Brian confirmed that their area’s trauma response system operates similarly, with both adult and pediatric centers prepared to handle various age groups and emotional support needs through chaplains and social workers. Hospital Disaster Preparedness Strategies The discussion focused on hospital preparedness and response to multiple casualty incidents. Brian and Joe explained that hospitals have internal response policies and conduct disaster preparedness exercises at least twice a year. They described how hospitals manage surges in patient volume by activating different teams and utilizing flexible spaces like hall beds. The conversation also touched on the importance of managing limited resources, such as emergency stabilization rooms and blood supplies, during overflow situations. Hospital Preparedness for Mass Casualties The group discussed mass casualty incidents and hospital preparedness, with Joe and Jamie sharing insights from their experiences. They noted that hospitals near the scene often become overwhelmed as people with minor injuries arrive first, followed by more critically injured patients. Jamie mentioned a previous episode about the Pulse nightclub shooting in Florida, where a nearby hospital was quickly overwhelmed by walk-in patients. The discussion highlighted the challenges hospitals face in preparing for such incidents and the importance of being ready for a second wave of more severely injured patients. Pediatric Trauma’s Impact on EMS The group discussed the impact of pediatric trauma events on emergency medical services, with Brian noting that while only about 10% of patients are pediatric, they have a disproportionate effect on providers due to factors like drug dose calculations. Rebecca shared her experience as a mental health specialist in disaster response, highlighting her work with first responders and the importance of delayed emotional responses to traumatic events. Jamie raised questions about managing stress in non-medical hospital staff during major incidents, to which Rebecca responded about the challenges faced by registration staff and administrative personnel who deal with families’ emotional needs. Disaster Response and Trauma Support Rebecca shared her experience with the Joplin tornado in 2011, emphasizing the need for early intervention to help people process traumatic events. Brian discussed his role as the chief medical officer for the disaster response system and his involvement with the Interstate Disaster Medical Collaborative (IDMC) to coordinate resources. Sam mentioned a creative approach used by a psychologist to identify and describe children in the aftermath of the tornado. The group highlighted the importance of supporting both trained and untrained personnel in disaster response, with a focus on the critical first 24 hours after an incident. Supporting Volunteers in Crisis Situations The discussion focused on the impact of traumatic events on volunteers and community members, particularly in religious and school organizations. Brian highlighted how volunteers, despite their critical role, may not be adequately prepared for mass casualty events and can suffer emotional and health consequences. Rebecca elaborated on the need for targeted support programs, emphasizing the importance of addressing different groups such as first responders, schools, and faith-based communities with tailored approaches. She also described how schools and archdioceses often have existing protocols for such events, though they may lack trained counselors and other resources. Challenges in Disaster Response Mental Health The group discussed the challenges faced by emergency responders and storm chasers in the aftermath of disasters, highlighting the mental health impact on those involved. Joe emphasized the ripple effect of incidents on families, coworkers, and media personnel, while Becky noted the recent efforts to provide mental health support for weather scientists conducting damage surveys. Sam and Becky shared insights on the overwhelming nature of initial responses and the need for preparation and support, with Jamie concluding that the discussion provided valuable insights into community readiness and long-term recovery efforts. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Julie Roberts from JK Roberts, LLC drops by the podcast this week to address business disaster continuity plans. Julie led communications efforts at both the Federal and State levels including NOAA. Julie discusses the importance of building a disaster plan for businesses of all sizes. These plans include creating contingencies around suppliers and employees to ensure operations can resume at the time when it is safe to return to work. PSEMA (Private Sector Emergency Management Agency) Also on the show were Dr. Joe Holley who brought up a news item about the termination of National EMS Advisory Council members at the federal level which could have long lasting effects on training and education of providers nationwide. The episode was co-hosted by Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary NOAA Weather Radio Distribution Initiative The meeting began with introductions, including Dr. Joe Holly, who works with FEMA’s search and rescue team in Tennessee. Julie discussed a new initiative to distribute NOAA weather radios to camps across the country, inspired by recent flooding events where early warnings could have made a difference. The group agreed on the importance of NOAA weather radios as a reliable alert system, especially during power outages or when mobile phones are not functional. Jamie and Sam prepared to record a podcast episode, with Jamie handling the technical aspects and Sam introducing the guest. Public-Private Collaboration in Emergencies Julie K. Roberts, a disaster management expert with over 20 years of experience in both public and private sectors, discussed her background, including her work at FEMA, NOAA, and Florida Emergency Management. She highlighted her role in building relationships between government and private sectors, particularly during the Pulse Nightclub shooting in Orlando, where she coordinated with companies like JetBlue and Uber to provide support. The conversation touched on disaster preparedness and the importance of collaboration between public and private sectors in managing emergencies. Private Sector Disaster Response Collaboration Julie discussed her work with private sector partnerships during disasters, highlighting a successful collaboration with Airbnb and Jump Blue that provided 2,501 flight tickets and housing for victims’ families in Orlando and Las Vegas. She explained that this experience led her to create the Private Sector Emergency Management Association four years ago to facilitate private sector involvement in disaster response and recovery. The organization focuses on helping businesses of all sizes develop continuity plans and access resources, with recent activations during hurricanes, wildfires, and other emergencies. Private Sector’s Role in Disaster Response Julie and Joe discussed the increasing role of the private sector in hurricane response and recovery, particularly in light of upcoming changes from FEMA and potential funding cuts to essential services. Sam shared his experience with a nonprofit that helps coordinate disaster response between states, highlighting a recent shift back to state-level focus due to changing government policies. Both Julie and Sam agreed that the first 72 hours of disaster response relies heavily on local and individual efforts, as government resources may not be as readily available as in the past. Business Continuity Planning for Small Businesses Julie discussed the importance of business continuity planning for both large and small businesses, emphasizing the need to prepare for various hazards and have strategies in place for unexpected closures. She explained that small businesses should focus on essential information like employee contact details, vendor relationships, and insurance procedures, while also considering backup resources and recovery plans. Jamie highlighted the need for small business owners to think through potential disruptions and have contingency plans in place, suggesting that these plans should be tailored to the specific needs and resources of each business. Small Business Resilience Strategies Julie discussed the challenges small businesses face in accessing potable water after disasters, using Asheville, North Carolina, as an example. She suggested exploring solutions to ensure businesses can reopen quickly, such as splitting costs between government and businesses. Joe highlighted the issue of hospitals being reliant on a single water vendor, which can lead to service disruptions. Jamie shared Waffle House’s preparedness strategy as an example of effective planning for adversity. The group agreed on the importance of supporting small businesses and having contingency plans in place for emergencies. Crisis Communication in the Digital Age Julie discussed the importance of flexible planning and clear communication in shaping disaster outcomes, highlighting how social media and the 24-hour news cycle have changed crisis management. She emphasized the need for immediate response and the authority to post information quickly, warning against the delay caused by excessive approval processes. Jamie agreed with Julie’s proactive approach, encouraging companies to be prepared for rapid communication in crises. Proactive Crisis Communication Strategies Julie emphasized the importance of proactive communication, particularly for companies and governments facing crises, noting that delays in responding to negative stories can harm brands and credibility. She highlighted the value of leveraging the private sector to speak on behalf of governments and the need for timely, credible information dissemination. Sam agreed, stressing the demand for reliable information sources. Joe introduced a news item about the Federal Interagency Committee on Emergency Medical Services (FICEMS), which has been working for over a decade to coordinate and provide direction on emergency medical services at the federal level. Government Weather Radio Initiative The meeting discussed recent staff reductions at a government group, with Julie highlighting a new initiative by Pacima to provide NOAA weather radios to camps across the country in response to recent events in Texas. Julie shared her contact information and website details, while Joe clarified that the National EMS Advisory Council had been eliminated, not FICUMS, and provided Paragon’s contact information. Jamie and Sam discussed the importance of these resources and mentioned their own social media presence. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Dan Zehner from the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) drops in the podcast to report on the recent documentary output from the research group. The links below contain a lot of information on how the NHERI research grants have turned into actionable infrastructure and building code improvement suggestions. Dan and co-hosts Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis also talk about data collection about wild fire affects on infrastructure and buildings. By analyzing the survival of buildings built under different code requirements and from differing materials, NHERI can suggest improvements that would improve survival and lessen the impact of disastrous fires. Links and Resources Dan Discussed NHERI RESEARCH IMPACT SHOWCASED FUNDING MESSAGE FROM THE NHERI COUNCIL, JULY 2025 CALIFORNIA FLOODING FROM THE ARKSTORM Technology Transfer from NHERI NHERI Impact 2020 Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Coordinating Weather Impact Efforts Jamie, Sam, and Dan discussed recent weather events, including thunderstorms and wildfires. Sam mentioned coordinating efforts with 18 states to address the impact of nonprofits assuming roles previously held by the federal government. Dan shared that the northwest has been experiencing hot weather but is now getting some rain, which is helping to control wildfires. The group briefly touched on Hurricane Erin, but no specific information was provided. NHERI Operations Extended Through 2026 The meeting discussed the status and future of the National Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI), which received a no-cost extension from the National Science Foundation to continue operations through September 2026. Dan explained that while there are some uncertainties due to the current political environment, NHERI’s core facilities, tools, and data services will remain available for researchers. The discussion also touched on recent and ongoing natural disasters, including wildfires and floods, which NHERI continues to support through testing and research efforts. Overcoming Fear in Emergency Care The group discussed fear and anxiety in medical and emergency situations, with Jessica emphasizing the importance of addressing personal fears and biases to provide better care. Jamie shared advice about trusting parents’ instincts regarding their children’s health, particularly for those with preexisting conditions. The conversation concluded with Jessica encouraging self-compassion and acceptance of imperfection in emergency response work. Wildfire Research and Infrastructure Planning The group discussed wildfire research, focusing on the National Science Foundation’s work in the wildland-urban interface, particularly through the Rapid Assessment, Planning, and Response (RAPID) system. Dan explained how RAPID uses advanced tools like fixed-wing drones and lidar to collect high-fidelity data on fire damage before cleanup, which is crucial for understanding infrastructure performance and updating building codes. Jamie emphasized the importance of science-based infrastructure adjustments, while Sam highlighted the critical role of research in preventing future wildfires, noting that many people are unaware of the work being done in this area. Insurance Challenges in High-Risk Areas Dan and Sam discussed the challenges of insurance availability and affordability in high-risk areas, particularly due to the high costs of insurance premiums. Dan explained that the insurance industry relies on actuarial models and historical data to assess risk, but noted that there is no universally accepted standard for wildfire-resistant construction. They mentioned organizations like the Insurance Institute for Building and Home Safety (IBHS) and the Fire Safety Research Institute (FSRI) that focus on property insurance and loss prevention, but emphasized the need for more scientifically backed methods to ensure communities can be insured based on evidence rather than intuition. Wind and Flooding Research Updates The discussion focused on two main topics: wind research facilities and flooding studies. Dan described the University of Florida’s boundary layer wind tunnel and Florida International University’s “Wall of Wind” facility, which can simulate Category 5-level winds with wind-driven rain and variable ground conditions. The conversation then shifted to flooding research, highlighting a 2023 study that created a publicly available dataset of California’s atmospheric river flooding simulations, which has been useful for FEMA, water resources departments, and emergency services. The discussion concluded with an observation about how dry ground conditions can exacerbate flooding issues, particularly in areas with limited infrastructure to manage water runoff. Design Safe Resource Overview The meeting focused on discussing resources and information available through Design Safe and the National Science Foundation. Dan provided an overview of their funding process and highlighted various platforms and resources, including their podcast, Slack channel, and community calendar. Jamie and Sam discussed the importance of these resources and mentioned their own social media presence. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Midwife and Paramedic Jessica Arno, the Combat Midwife, returns this week to talk focus on pediatric emergencies in the disaster environment. She and the Disaster Podcast team talk about unique challenges facing responders who encounter sick and injured kids. Jessica stresses the importance of understanding age-appropriate behaviors and presentation. We discuss why it’s necessary to trust the parents’ instincts about their kids. They often realize a problem is present before others would notice a change in the child. Also on the show this week are disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin, disaster meteorologist, Dan DePodwin, and Dr. Joe Holley, as well as co-hosts Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Combat Midwife Returns for Pediatrics Jamie introduced the main guest, Jessica Arno, the combat midwife, who was returning for a second episode to discuss more pediatric topics. The group discussed recent weather conditions, including flooding in the Northeast and Midwest, and Joe shared his busy schedule involving alerts for weather events. The conversation then shifted to the upcoming podcast segment featuring Jessica, who was introduced to the audience as a midwife, paramedic, and expert in pediatric care. Pediatric Emergency Care Challenges The meeting focused on the unique challenges of providing medical care to children in emergency and disaster situations, emphasizing that children are not simply “tiny adults.” Jessica, a paramedic and midwife, explained the importance of understanding children’s physiological differences, such as their limited blood volume and distinct airway anatomy, which can lead to rapid decompensation. Jamie highlighted the need for quick decision-making in pediatric emergencies, especially in austere environments where resources may be limited. The discussion also touched on the broader issue of women’s health research, noting that it often falls short due to gaps in scientific focus. Overcoming Fear in Emergency Care The group discussed fear and anxiety in medical and emergency situations, with Jessica emphasizing the importance of addressing personal fears and biases to provide better care. Jamie shared advice about trusting parents’ instincts regarding their children’s health, particularly for those with preexisting conditions. The conversation concluded with Jessica encouraging self-compassion and acceptance of imperfection in emergency response work. Trusting Parental Instincts in Healthcare The group discussed the importance of trusting parents’ instincts and expertise, particularly in medical situations involving their children. Jessica emphasized the need to trust parents’ observations and to act on instincts, even if the reasons aren’t immediately clear. Becky shared her experience of trusting her intuition about her child’s health, highlighting the value of parental insight. The discussion underscored the importance of balancing emotional and professional judgment in medical care, with a consensus that erring on the side of safety is crucial. Pediatric Disaster Medical Care The group discussed pediatric medical care, particularly in disaster situations, emphasizing the need for age-appropriate assessment and treatment. Jessica highlighted the importance of vital signs, bleeding control, and understanding the unique challenges of treating children, including the use of appropriate tourniquets and recognizing internal bleeding. Dan shared his perspective as a parent, emphasizing the value of trusted care in complex situations. The discussion also touched on the potential lack of parental presence in disaster scenarios and the need for practitioners to be prepared to triage and treat children without parental input. Emotional Preparedness for Crisis Situations The group discussed emotional preparedness, particularly focusing on how to handle children in chaotic situations. Jessica emphasized the importance of honesty with children, sharing an example of a Coast Guard rescue during recent flooding in Texas where the responder maintained calm by being transparent about the situation’s uncertainties. The discussion highlighted the value of relying on training in crisis situations, even when facing unfamiliar challenges. Children’s Emotional Resilience in Disasters The discussion focused on the emotional and psychological challenges faced by children in disaster situations, particularly how their brains process trauma and the role of emotional regulation in parenting. Becky and Sam discussed how children’s reactions to stress are influenced by their parents’ emotional responses, noting that calm parental reactions can help children regulate their own emotions. They also touched on the importance of emotional intelligence in caregivers and how children learn from their parents’ reactions to situations, particularly in medical contexts. Pediatric Care in Austere Environments Jessica shared her experience of being calm in chaotic situations, which was noted as a strength by her colleagues. She discussed the importance of having pediatric medications in austere kits, including basic items like Tylenol and ibuprofen, as well as herbal and homeopathic remedies. She also described a real-life situation where she provided neonatal care in a disaster zone, emphasizing the need for evaluating underlying issues in such complex medical situations. Pediatric Healthcare and Learning Insights The meeting focused on a discussion about pediatric and clinical healthcare, featuring Combat as the main expert. Combat shared insights on differential diagnosis and women’s/children’s health, emphasizing the importance of hands-on practice and continuous learning. The participants agreed that while they may not be experts in pediatrics, they should strive to learn and build confidence in handling pediatric cases. Joe mentioned upcoming military training activities, and the group discussed how listeners can connect with various speakers through social media platforms and the disaster Podcast community. The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Jessica, the Combat Midwife, shared her expertise and offered a discount code for her training materials. Use code DISASTER for a discount on her page. The participants agreed to have Jessica return for a follow-up episode the next Thursday. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

This week features a discussion of maternity and pediatric care in disaster situations with Jessica Arno, the Combat Midwife. Jessica is a midwite, paramedic, and battlefield-born educator who’s trained over 100,000 combat medics, Special Warfare medics, and EMS professionals in OB/GYN and pediatric emergencies. From Afghan refugee camps to rural fire stations, she equips medics and civilians with the skills to handle birth, bleeding, and babies-when help isn’t coming. Also on the show this week are disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin, as well as co-hosts Sam Bradley and Jamie Davis. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary Enhancing OB-GYN Emergency Training Jessica Arno, a paramedic and midwife, discussed her experience training combat medics and civilians in obstetrics and gynecology emergencies, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive training in areas often overlooked due to their perceived unsexiness. She highlighted the need for more in-depth training in these areas, citing her work in academia where she was able to expand the curriculum beyond the traditional few hours allocated to OB-GYN. Jamie, a nurse, shared his experience with OB-GYN training, noting the contrast between his nursing education and his limited exposure to the subject as a medic. Both agreed on the importance of building confidence in handling rare or uncomfortable medical situations. Disaster Impact on Maternal Health Jessica and the group discussed the impact of weather and disasters on childbirth and women’s health. The team explored how changes in barometric pressure and temperature can trigger labor, and highlighted the risks of infections and complications in post-disaster scenarios. Jessica emphasized the need for medical professionals to receive specialized training in handling obstetric and pediatric emergencies in disaster situations, including understanding normal versus sick baby presentations and different age-related responses. Newborn Assessment and Pain Perception Jessica and Sam discussed the use of the APGAR score in assessing newborns and its relevance in emergency situations. Jessica explained that while APGAR is typically used post-delivery, it can be useful for assessing older infants as well, focusing on reflexes and normal responses. The team also explored how understanding a patient’s menstrual cycle can provide insights into their pain perception and overall health, particularly for female patients. Jessica emphasized the importance of considering hormonal changes and their impact on various bodily functions, especially for post-menopausal women, and highlighted the need for healthcare providers to listen attentively to all patients’ concerns. Emergency Birth Kit for Soldiers Jessica shared her experience creating an emergency birth kit for soldiers on humanitarian missions, which includes essential items like chucks, organic pads, a blanket for the baby, herbal medications for postpartum hemorrhage, and a Delee suction for suctioning mucus from newborns. She emphasized the use of herbal compounds over Pitocin for managing post-delivery bleeding, highlighting their gentler effect and faster action. Jessica also discussed the inclusion of an ink set and birth certificate to document the baby’s parentage in case of grid-down scenarios, and she noted that the kit’s contents are listed on her website at CombatMidwife.com. Refugee Camp Health Challenges Jessica shared her unexpected experience working in a refugee camp, where she encountered a severe herpes outbreak among patients due to limited resources and poor living conditions. She emphasized the importance of being cautious about infections in disaster zones, including proper patient inspection and cleaning procedures to prevent the spread of diseases among both patients and caregivers. Sam expressed interest in further discussions about pediatric care and childbirth, and Becky highlighted the need for more research and open discussions on women’s health, particularly regarding the lack of studies on pregnant women. Disaster Preparedness Training Discussion The group discussed the importance of disaster preparedness and the role of specialized training, with Jamie highlighting the sponsorship of the Disaster Podcast by Paragon Medical Education Group. Jessica, the Combat Midwife, shared her expertise and offered a discount code for her training materials. Use code DISASTER for a discount on her page. The participants agreed to have Jessica return for a follow-up episode the next Thursday. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Disaster meteorologist, Dan DePodwin, joins the show this week to discuss the severe weather patterns that have led to dangerous flash flooding all across the country so far in July. The team discusses how this weather affects millions of Americans this summer. Disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin shares her thoughts on messaging to protect public safety in the face of these disasters. The whole team discusses how mitigation starts before the disaster strikes. Preparedness is the best protection from sudden disasters that strike with little warning. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary U.S. Flooding and Natural Disasters The team discussed recent flooding events across the United States, with a focus on Texas, where Dan provided insights from AccuWeather about the factors contributing to the flooding. They also touched on a 7.3 earthquake in Alaska that triggered tsunami warnings, though the rural location minimized potential damage. The group briefly shared personal experiences with local flooding, with Jamie describing flooding issues near his home and Becky noting their new house’s relative safety from flooding. Texas Floods: Warning and Response Dan explained the recent flooding in Texas’s hill country, caused by extreme rainfall from a combination of tropical storm moisture and atmospheric conditions, leading to rapid river rises. Sam noted similar flooding patterns in Florida and asked about the meteorological factors, which Dan simplified as mesoscale convective systems. Jamie shifted the discussion to warning systems, asking Becky about the feasibility of timely alerts for such rapid-onset floods, to which Becky responded that while there was significant advance warning, the rapid development of the event made it challenging to issue timely alerts. Flash Flood Warning System Improvements Becky discussed the challenges of warning and evacuating people during flash floods, noting that the delay in acting on the flash flood emergency warning cost lives. Jamie highlighted that some disasters are so destructive that complete prevention of loss of life is not possible, and emphasized the need for better communication and preparedness. Sam suggested improving the flash flood warning system and addressing the issue of people being unaware of flood risks while recreating in flood zones. Becky criticized the decision to build in flood-prone areas, emphasizing that better mitigation efforts could have prevented the tragedy. Nighttime Weather Emergency Preparedness The discussion focused on the importance of preparedness for nighttime weather emergencies, with Dan emphasizing that people should check forecasts before sleeping and have reliable warning systems in place. Sam shared an example of a camp that lacked a siren system, highlighting the need for weather radios as a more reliable warning method, especially in areas with poor cell signal. Becky agreed that multiple weather radios distributed throughout camps could be effective, and Dan recommended that camp organizers work with local officials to develop and drill emergency plans. The conversation also touched on the challenges faced by economically underserved communities in accessing warnings and responding to emergencies, as noted by Sam and Jamie. Disaster Impact on Underserved Communities Jamie and Becky discussed how underserved communities are disproportionately affected by natural disasters due to lack of resources and knowledge, citing examples from Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Ida. Dan provided an update on current weather conditions, noting concerns about flooding risks in the Midwest and Appalachians due to atmospheric disturbances and increased moisture from climate change. Becky emphasized the importance of being weather-aware, especially in summer, and advised taking proactive measures like having evacuation plans and staying informed about potential threats. Weather and Response Training Insights The group discussed the importance of weather-related aspects in their recent discussions and expressed gratitude to Paragon Medical Education Group for their sponsorship and educational services. Jamie encouraged listeners to reach out to Joe and the team at Paragon for innovative training exercises, and provided various platforms where group members could be found, including Blue Sky, the Disaster Podcast Facebook group, and disasterpodcast.com. Sam agreed that the weather perspective was crucial alongside the response perspective, and the conversation ended with a reminder to stay aware and stay alive. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!

Chuck Costanza joins the Disaster Podcast team tonight. He’s the Vice President of Client Engagement for Global Guardian. They provide global threat assessments for companies, helping them protect their employees from the effects of things like major disasters. The team discusses global security issues surrounding things like climate change. It affects many areas of global security like mass migrations, sea level rise, and destabilizing food supplies. The impacts are wide ranging with many disaster-related situations, like major hurricanes and other weather events. Global Guardian Hurricane Preparedness Guide The episode was hosted by Sam Bradley and featured disaster emergency management expert, Becky DePodwin, and disaster meteorologist, Dan DePodwin. Scroll down for Podcast Discussion Summary Thank you as always to Paragon Medical Education Group for their long-term support of the Disaster Podcast. Dr. Joe Holley and the team at Paragon continue to provide excellent and customized disaster response training to jurisdictions around the U.S. and internationally as well. Podcast Discussion Summary East Coast Power Outage Discussion Jamie, who was supposed to co-host, was unable to participate due to a power outage caused by a storm on the east coast, outside Baltimore. Sam introduced Becky and Dan as meteorologists to discuss the weather situation, and Chuck joined to talk about disaster management for businesses. The meeting officially started with Sam introducing the topic as the “Disaster Podcast,” focusing on the east coast power outages and upcoming discussions on disaster management. Extreme Heat Wave Discussion The group discussed recent extreme weather patterns, particularly record-breaking heat in the Northeast and Midwest, with temperatures reaching 100 degrees in New York City and Boston. Dan explained that while the intense heat would subside, warmer conditions would persist, especially in the western United States as July approaches. Becky emphasized the importance of heat safety and checking on neighbors, while Sam and Chuck, both located in Colorado, noted the region’s relative relief from humidity. Climate Change and Security Impacts Chuck Costanza, a former senior advisor at the U.S. Department of State, discussed how climate change impacts global security, including migration, water scarcity, and sea level rise. Dan from AccuWeather confirmed that the upcoming hurricane season is expected to be above average, with up to 19 named storms, including 5 major hurricanes. The discussion highlighted the importance of business preparedness for extreme weather events, with Chuck offering a hurricane preparedness guide for sharing. Hurricane Preparedness and Business Continuity Chuck and Sam discussed the importance of preparing for hurricanes, emphasizing business continuity and the need for proactive planning. Chuck highlighted the necessity of designating roles and responsibilities within an organization, as well as establishing relationships with external partners for resource support during emergencies. They also addressed the challenges of remote work, accountability issues, and the need to update emergency plans annually to account for changing weather patterns and new hazards. Becky agreed, adding that plans should be reviewed regularly to assess and prepare for evolving risks, such as migration to new regions and increased exposure to unfamiliar weather events. Business Emergency Planning Strategies Becky emphasized the importance of comprehensive emergency planning for businesses, highlighting the need to consider both economic and human factors. Chuck discussed the challenges of relying on external partners during disasters, citing examples from Asheville and Hawaii, and stressed the importance of having contingency plans and updated contact information for employees. The group also explored the difficulties of accounting for remote workers during emergencies, particularly when traditional communication methods fail. Enhancing Disaster Preparedness Strategies Sam and Chuck discussed disaster preparedness and response, emphasizing the importance of both centralized and individual disaster plans. They highlighted the role of disaster recovery contractors, insurance companies, and the potential for remote work capabilities in the aftermath of a disaster. Sam stressed the significance of after-action reviews to learn from past experiences and improve future responses. Becky agreed, suggesting that lessons could be learned from other regions’ experiences, even if a community was not directly impacted. Disaster Planning for Businesses Chuck advised businesses to start disaster planning by working with experienced personnel, reviewing existing resources, and conducting tabletop exercises to identify specific needs and strengths. He emphasized the importance of having clearly defined roles and responsibilities within an organization for effective disaster response. Hurricane Safety and Preparedness The discussion focused on hurricane intensification and safety measures. Dan explained that rapid intensification of hurricanes, particularly over warm waters with low wind shear, can lead to dangerous Category 5 storms, citing Hurricane Michael as an example. He emphasized that while wind damage is significant, storm surge and freshwater flooding from rainfall pose the greatest threat to life. Sam highlighted the importance of preparedness for families and businesses, including having backup power, communications, and evacuation plans, while Chuck noted that businesses must prioritize employee safety through comprehensive duty of care programs. Global Guardian Emergency Response Sam and Chuck discussed Global Guardian’s emergency response capabilities, highlighting their experience in handling natural disasters like Hurricane Helene. They emphasized the importance of having pre-established relationships with emergency response teams and the value of Global Guardian’s global network, which enabled them to quickly mobilize resources from different countries. Chuck encouraged potential clients to learn more about Global Guardian’s services through their website and membership program, and advised listeners to contact 911 in emergencies. Global Guardian Disaster Preparedness Insights The meeting focused on disaster preparedness and emergency response, with Chuck from Global Guardian providing insights into their services and resources available for individuals and businesses. Participants discussed the importance of planning ahead and utilizing tools like Global Guardian’s offerings to stay prepared. The conversation also touched on social media presence and future podcast appearances, with plans to invite Chuck back for further discussions. Sam thanked Dr. Joe and the team at Paragon Medical Education Group for their continued sponsorship, highlighting the customizability of their training resources. Catch the full episode using the player above or on your favorite podcast platform, and don’t forget to subscribe to the Disaster Podcast for weekly insights from leaders in disaster response and research!