Fat Science

Fat Science Ep 106The Mailbag: GLP 1s, Leptin, Hormones & Insurance AdviceThis week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Mark Wright, and Andrea Taylor open the listener mailbag to answer real questions from around the world about metabolism, hormones, and GLP-1 therapy. From the UK to Seattle, listeners share personal stories of confusion and discovery — and Dr. Cooper brings metabolic science back into focus.What really happens when you stop GLP-1 medications? Why can someone eat less yet gain weight? What does leptin resistance actually mean? And how can hopeful moms safely navigate treatment before pregnancy?In this conversation-rich episode, the team moves beyond myths, helping listeners understand how hormones — not willpower — drive metabolism, appetite, and long-term health.Key Takeaways:• GLP-1 medications don’t “work by starving you” — they help the body use energy better by resetting fuel use hormones.• Restrictive eating and “calories in, calories out” oversimplify metabolism and often worsen hormonal imbalance.• Leptin isn’t just about levels — signaling quality determines how well your brain recognizes stored body fat.• Pregnancy and metabolic health require careful timing; GLP-1s aren't used during pregnancy, but improved metabolic strength before conception matters most.• Rapid weight loss from GLP-1 meds can risk muscle depletion; maintaining steady nutrition and proper dosing is key.• Insurance coverage for GLP 1s remains unpredictable, but persistence and documentation can open doors.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea and Mark share their own experiences reconciling appetite changes on GLP-1 therapy — from remembering to eat when hunger signals quiet down to finding fueling strategies that work.Dr. Cooper offers practical guidance rooted in clinical data: why ordered eating keeps metabolism stable, how dietitians with eating disorder expertise support GLP-1 patients, and when to adjust medication doses to protect muscle mass.Notable Quote:“It’s not technically the weight that’s messing up fertility — it’s the metabolic dysfunction that causes weight as a symptom.” — Emily Cooper, MD.In this listener mailbag edition of Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Mark Wright, and Andrea Taylor unpack the science behind GLP-1 medications, leptin resistance, and hormone balance. From fertility to appetite changes and insurance frustrations, this episode explains how metabolism—not willpower—drives lasting health. Hear real-world advice on fueling, mechanical eating, and safe GLP-1 use.Resources from the episode:Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from — and why it won’t go (and stay) away. We’re committed to a world where people understand that fat isn’t a failure and metabolism is not a math problem.This show is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for medical advice.Check out our website where you can ask a mailbag question.Have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect?Email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with:Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedInMark Wright on LinkedInAndrea Taylor on Instagram

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright take on one of the biggest misinformation waves in popular health media: the rise of “microdosed” GLP‑1s and so‑called “GLP‑1 diets.” As GLP‑1 medications dominate headlines and social media feeds, the hosts cut through the noise to explain what’s actually safe, what’s marketing hype, and why restrictive diets go against metabolic science. Dr. Cooper reveals how calorie‑cutting research became misinterpreted, how compounded microdoses are being promoted like supplements, and why “just eat less” remains one of the most harmful messages for people trying to improve their metabolic health. From the hormonal backlash of dieting to potentially-dangerous online telehealth shortcuts, this episode exposes how the new era of “skinny shots” and influencer‑driven microdosing campaigns echo decades of failed diet culture.Key Takeaways:GLP‑1 medications were never meant to be microdosed — these are serious prescription treatments, not vitamin‑like supplements.“GLP‑1 diets” persist because clinical trials paired the drugs with low‑calorie plans — but science hasn’t yet proven those restrictions help long‑term.Chronic calorie restriction weakens metabolism, disrupts hormones, and sets up “defensive weight gain.”Compounded or telehealth‑prescribed GLP‑1 versions are often untested and can be risky; many forms haven’t even been through FDA approval.Real progress comes from fueling your metabolism — eating enough, exercising with support, and stabilizing your brain’s hunger signals.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea opens up about the challenge of “mechanical eating” on GLP‑1 therapy — remembering to eat even when not hungry — while Mark shares how his own food relationship transformed once he focused on fueling, not restriction. Dr. Cooper emphasizes her 25‑year‑old shift away from calorie‑cutting, showing how patients thrive when metabolism is strengthened, not starved.Resources from the episode:Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go (and stay) away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.Check out our new website where you can ask a mailbag question.Have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect? Email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Mark Wright, and Andrea Taylor are joined by renowned childhood obesity expert Dr. Evan Nadler for a deep, honest conversation about what really is making our kids fat—and what’s finally changing about how kids, parents, and doctors can fight it.The panel unpacks why the word “fat” is still so emotionally charged, how culture and even healthcare still get it wrong about weight, and why obesity must be recognized as a medical disease—not a moral failure. Dr. Nadler shares stories from two decades on the front lines, Dr. Cooper highlights transformative new science, and Andrea brings personal experience that challenges stereotypes and reveals the harm of shame-based approaches.From the latest treatments—including medication and surgery for kids under 12—to the power of genetics, hormones, and family history, this episode breaks the silence, busts the myths, and lays out hope for families everywhere.Key Takeaways:The global prevalence of childhood obesity keeps rising, with 15 million kids in the US now affected, and most will progress to adult obesity without intervention.Obesity in kids is driven by a complex web of biology—genes, prenatal health, and hormones—not “overeating” or lack of willpower.Parental health before and during pregnancy strongly affects a child’s risk of obesity, and interventions work best when started early—even before birth.Shame, strict dieting, and constant focus on weight do lifelong damage. Kids need support, not blame, and a focus on total health—sleep, nutrition, stress, and fun movement.New medications (like GLP-1 agonists) and bariatric surgery are safe, evidence-based options for select children, and can be life-changing when used correctly.Advances in science and patient care show that individualized treatment (not “one-size-fits-all” fixes) leads to the best long-term health and lower risk of serious complications in adulthood.There are always choices—kids and families should know they are not alone, and there are always next steps in medical care, whatever age or size a child may be.Resources from the episode:Fat Science is dedicated to empowering families and changing the conversation about metabolism—reminding us all that fat isn’t a failure. For more resources, stories, and to submit a listener question, visit our website. If you are a healthcare professional and are interested in Dr Cooper’s upcoming training course, click on provider course at the Fat Science Podcast website! If you have questions, a show idea, feedback, or want to connect, email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.Connect with Dr. Evan Nadler on his website.*This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor and Mark Wright take a hard look at the buzz around microdosing metabolic medications—from what “microdosing” actually means to the risks of following trends without clinical supervision. The team unpacks widespread misunderstandings about dosing for drugs like Ozempic, Zepbound, and low-dose naltrexone (LDN), explains why social media advice can be dangerous, and highlights just how unique every person’s metabolic needs are. Dr. Cooper shares patient examples and lays out the science behind hormone regulation, medication resistance, and why skipping a full evaluation could backfire. We cover why glandular extracts and testosterone supplements can disrupt your body’s natural balance and why trying to “trick” your metabolism with tiny doses can sometimes do more harm than good.Key Takeaways:Microdosing means doses far below anything supplied by drug companies—it’s not the same as prescribing a lower dose within the normal range.Popular trends in LA and beyond push people toward self-experimentation, often with compounded drugs or unsupervised regimens.Taking metabolic drugs without a clinical need can weaken natural hormone production and create dependency—even with “natural” supplements.GLP-1s, GIPs, naltrexone, and testosterone all show very different outcomes depending on your genetics, history of dieting, childhood athletics, or use of other medications.More is not always better. Too high a dose can create medication resistance, while too low might “numb out” your hormone response.Professional evaluation, sleep, nutrition, and self-kindness remain the first line of defense for metabolic health, rather than skipping over those and heading straight to medication.Resources from the episode: Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.Check out our new website where you can ask a mailbag question. If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.If you are a healthcare professional interested in Dr. Cooper's training course, go to FatSciencePodcast.com and click on the top right button for Provider Course.Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedInConnect with Mark Wright on LinkedInConnect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright break down five eye-opening research studies from 2025 that challenge everything you thought you knew about obesity, dieting, and metabolism. The hosts explore surprising new evidence on fitness trackers, the metabolic power of joy (and dessert!), the risks of intermittent fasting, how yo-yo dieting can damage kidney health, and the permanent impact of dieting on your brain-gut connection.Dr. Cooper shares clinical insights and explains why simple fixes—strict diets, calorie counting, and food restriction—can actually backfire, causing more harm than good. From the science of hormone signaling to the pitfalls of diet culture, the conversation reveals powerful new reasons to embrace flexibility, balance, and self-kindness on the journey to metabolic health.Key Takeaways:Fitness trackers can dramatically underestimate calorie burn—errors can reach 93%, especially for people with higher body weight. Companies rarely test enough real-world diversity and may fudge numbers for marketing.Including dessert and “forbidden foods” in your diet leads to better metabolic outcomes, greater mental stability, and less risk of binge eating or weight regain. Joyful eating helps regulate critical hormones like leptin and ghrelin.Intermittent fasting is linked to hair loss. Energy deficits force the body to use fatty acids as fuel, which can damage hair follicle stem cells. Long-term fasting negatively disrupts glucose/insulin balance and destabilizes metabolism.Yo-yo dieting (weight cycling) now shows a direct connection with kidney damage—even in those at normal weight. Rapid weight shifts restrict kidney blood flow, raise cortisol, and cause irreversible damage.Dieting creates lasting changes in the microbiome and brain-gut signaling that promote weight regain and appetite dysregulation. Even a single round of weight cycling can create stubborn metabolic obstacles.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea shares why dessert is a staple of her happiness—and how mental restriction backfires. Dr. Cooper gives real-world examples from patients: eating favorite foods can unlock better weight results, while “diet damage” often lingers until medical treatment repairs it. Resources from the episode:Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.Check out our new website where you can ask a mailbag question. If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.REFERENCES FOR THIS EPISODEAlshurafa, N., et al. (2025). “More accurate fitness tracking for people with obesity.” *Scientific Reports*, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.Alfouzan, N.W., & Nakamura, M.T. (2025). “Reduced food cravings correlated with a 24-month period of weight loss and weight maintenance.” *Physiology & Behavior*, Vol. 291.Chen, H., Liu, C., Cui, S., et al. (2025). “Intermittent fasting triggers interorgan communication to suppress hair follicle regeneration.” *Cell*, Vol. 188.The Endocrine Society (2025). “Yo-yo dieting may significantly increase kidney disease risk in people with type 1 diabetes.” *Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism*, February 2025.Fouesnard, M., et al. (2025). “Weight cycling deregulates eating behavior via the induction of durable gut dysbiosis.” *Advanced Science*, 2025

This week on Fat Science, Mark Wright, Andrea Taylor, and Dr. Emily Cooper dig deep into the science and history behind why diets don’t work for lasting weight management. From early fad diets, through to modern metabolic research, the episode explains why calorie restriction often backfires—and why fueling the body is key to long-term health.Dr. Cooper unpacks the latest evidence about metabolic adaptation, the hormonal drivers of weight regain, and the persistent harms caused by repeated dieting. Listeners will leave with a renewed understanding of metabolism’s complexity, the importance of medical advocacy, and the critical need to challenge diet culture and weight bias.Key TakeawaysShort-term weight loss from dieting is common, but centuries of evidence show most weight is regained—sometimes with additional harm.Metabolic adaptation and hormonal changes (like drops in leptin and rises in ghrelin) make weight regain almost inevitable for most people after calorie restriction.Repeated dieting (weight cycling) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and visceral fat, not just regaining lost weight.The biggest breakthroughs in metabolism came in the 20th century, but weight bias and diet industry profits keep the focus on ineffective short-term strategies.True long-term progress rests on regular fueling, metabolic evaluation, and avoiding the trap of repeated restrictive diets.Expert Insights & Practical AdviceDr. Cooper highlights landmark studies (Minnesota Starvation Experiment, Dutch famine, the "Biggest Loser" follow-up) illustrating how diets slow metabolism and can even cause lasting damage.The science behind metabolic hormones—leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, GLP-1—shows why the body fights back against weight loss and why medications must be paired with metabolic support, not additional restriction.Reflections on weight bias in medicine, the need for informed consent around diets, and how current research is still catching up to clinical reality.Personal Stories & Culture CritiqueAndrea shares how social circles demonstrate the futility of diets and the cycle of weight loss and regain.Mark recounts professional experiences highlighting systemic bias and cultural attitudes toward weight and health, advocating for preventive medicine as the path forward.The hosts challenge listeners to rethink their relationship with food, prioritize health, and push back against societal shame and stigma.Resources from the EpisodeFat Science is committed to debunking the myths about metabolism, diabetes, and fat. We empower listeners with evidence-based information, challenging the culture of blame and restriction. This podcast is for informational purposes and not medical advice.Explore our website to join our live audience for the milestone 100th episode recording on Thursday, September 4th at 9 a.m. PST—ask Dr. Cooper a question and celebrate with us!Send questions, show ideas, or feedback: questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.If you are a provider and interested in DI's training course or training manual for providers:Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on [LinkedIn]Connect with Mark Wright on [LinkedIn]Connect with Andrea Taylor on [Instagram]Fat Science: No diet, no agenda—just science that makes you feel better.

The 100th episode of Fat Science brings together Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright for a live mailbag celebration with listeners worldwide. Hear how the show began, reflect on lessons learned, and get answers to the questions people wish their doctors would address—especially about metabolism, obesity, diabetes, GLP-1 medications, and more.Dr. Cooper shares the big-picture science behind “why we get fat,” the true drivers of metabolic dysfunction, and the evolution of her pioneering clinical practice. Andrea and Mark reveal the patient’s perspective—an honest look at what happens when the latest science meets real lives. Plus, practitioners and patients weigh in on the shifting cultural tide: it’s not a diet problem, it’s a metabolic problem.Key Takeaways:GLP-1 medications do not appear to harm future fertility or cause birth defect risks; improved metabolism may even help down the road.Leptin resistance/suppression: what labs really mean, why mechanical eating matters, and how ghrelin and other signals clarify the picture.“Diet Drug” stigma is outdated; GLP-1 medications target dysfunction, not willpower.Compounded GLP-1 solutions can be risky. Dr. Cooper explains supply chain, testing, and safer cost-saving alternatives like Lilly Direct, NovoCare, and Canadian Kwik pens.Autoimmune diseases (like celiac) may interfere with signals, but GLP-1s—especially bioidentical ones—are still options with careful monitoring.“Selfish Brain” explained: labs to request, what cerebral insulin suppression looks like, and why fueling and sleep are core solutions.Hashimoto’s: often distinct from metabolic dysfunction; both need tailored management and mechanical fueling.Heavy lifting & nutrition: protein needs often overstated—1.0–1.3g/kg ideal; pre-bed protein useful; DEXA scans help track muscle mass.Menopause & metabolism: estrogen/leptin loss, why patch plus micronized progesterone is often safest, and how each choice impacts metabolic health.Navigating insurance complexities, tariffs, and lifetime maxes—when and how to explore creative access.Metabolic changes tied to cycles, pregnancy, birth control: which progestins are weight-neutral, what to ask, and which labs to run if hitting plateaus.GLP-1s often improve blood pressure; dizziness may mean time to reduce meds, not the GLP-1.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea and Mark share a decade-plus of metabolic journeys—their dramatic health wins and the ongoing battle for self-compassion and body image. Listeners celebrate victories: reversing fatty liver, thriving after cancer, and breaking free from diet cycles.“No diets. No agendas. Just science that makes you feel better.” The audience and hosts repeat this Fat Science tagline to mark the milestone.Resources:Fat Science explains where fat really comes from and why it won’t just go away. We’re committed to empowering people with accurate information about metabolism and busting the myth that fat is failure. This podcast is informational only and not medical advice.Check out our new website to ask a mailbag question. Contact us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with Dr. Cooper on LinkedInConnect with Mark Wright on LinkedInConnect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright explore the dangers of under-fueling and challenge dieting myths with guest Gina Davito. This episode dives into Gina’s journey from extreme restriction and over-exercising to finally achieving metabolic balance and freedom from food obsession. Dr. Cooper sheds light on the science behind metabolic adaptation, appetite regulation, and why fueling your body—rather than restricting—is essential for long-term health. Listeners will come away with a new perspective on weight management, the power of metabolic healing, and a celebration of food as a source of nourishment and joy.Key Takeaways:Chronic dieting and excessive exercise can trigger severe metabolic adaptation and worsen weight gain, creating a cycle that is hard to break without proper medical support.Abnormal hunger and weight gain are symptoms of underlying metabolic dysfunction, not lack of willpower—often exacerbated by early and repeated dieting.True progress involves nourishing the body and trusting medical guidance, sometimes including tailored medications to reset metabolic balance.Mental freedom from food-related anxiety arrives with metabolic healing—allowing for joy in eating and exercise for health rather than punishment.Early interventions for kids showing unusual hunger or weight patterns should focus on metabolic evaluation, not restriction.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Gina describes her transformation from compulsive restriction to vibrant health and athleticism—no longer trapped by thoughts of food or weight.Andrea and Mark share their relief at experiencing food freedom and highlight the importance of enjoying both food and movement.Resources from the episode:Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.Check out our new website where you can ask a mailbag question and sign up to be in the audience for our 100th episode we’re recording on Thursday, September 4th at 9 a.m.PST. Be part of the live audience and ask Dr. Cooper a question. We’d love to celebrate this milestone with you!If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.

This week on Fat Science we answer your questions in another, always-popular mailbag episode. Join Mark Wright, Andrea Taylor, and Dr. Emily Cooper and learn why some people don’t respond to GLP-1 medications, get the latest on new, oral weight-loss drugs, and explore the science behind elevated liver enzymes. Dr. Cooper offers practical insights backed by metabolic research. She also addresses gluten-free diets, flavored seltzers, craving pathways in the brain, chronic pain management, and the importance of consistent eating patterns for metabolic health.Key Takeaways:About 20% of people may not respond to GLP-1s due to genetic and metabolic differences; deeper lab and genetic testing may be needed to uncover root causes.New oral GLP-1 options like Orforglipron are on the horizon, promising greater convenience and accessibility.Transient increases in liver enzymes can occur with rapid weight changes; regular monitoring and medical guidance are important.The POMC pathway in the brain plays a crucial role in cravings and metabolism—medications like Contrave can help by targeting this pathway.Flavored seltzers are generally fine, but watch for BPA-lined cans; gluten-free isn’t always healthier unless medically necessary.Chronic pain medications often impact metabolism—exploring underlying metabolic causes and non-GABA, non-opioid alternatives with providers is key.Consistent, “patterned” eating supports metabolic stability and brain function.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea shares how tweaking her medication “cocktail” and eating patterns improved her results.Dr. Cooper and Mark discuss real-life snack strategies for fueling brain power and avoiding metabolic pitfalls.Resources from the episode:Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.Check out our new website where you can ask a mailbag question and sign up to be in the audience for our 100th episode we’re recording on Thursday, September 4th at 9 a.m.PST. Be part of the live audience and ask Dr. Cooper a question. We’d love to celebrate this milestone with you!If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.

Join Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright on Fat Science as they dive into the power of strength training—not just for elite athletes, but for everyday health and longevity.This week’s guests bring unique perspectives: Faith Ireland, retired Washington State Supreme Court Justice and 82-year-old world-record-holding powerlifter, and Russell Cunningham, MA, CRC, exercise physiologist who specializes in rehabilitation, human performance, and the science of aging strong.Faith shares her inspirational journey from recovering after a car accident to competing internationally with 15 world records. Russell explains the hard science behind why muscle strength and power are linked to bone density, fall prevention, metabolism, and even brain health. Dr. Cooper adds the medical lens, showing why strength training is essential for long-term vitality.Key Takeaways:Strength training preserves lean mass, protects bone health, and improves functionality at any age.Research shows if you can’t leg press at least 50% of your body weight, your fall risk skyrockets; strength training dramatically reduces that risk—even into your 90s.Power, not just strength, is key: the ability to move quickly and explosively helps prevent falls and injuries.Strength training improves more than muscles—it benefits insulin resistance, metabolic health, and brain function, with emerging links to dementia prevention.Starting safely matters: Small steps, proper form, and gradual adaptation are essential to build a foundation and avoid injuries.Even 10 minutes of lifting or bodyweight movement can build health when done consistently.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Faith explains how returning to lifting after back injury and hip replacements gave her confidence and resilience, even through cancer treatments.Andrea admits she’s been putting off strength training and asks Faith for advice on how best to get started.Russell shares insights from research showing why explosive strength matters for both older adults and younger people alike.Dr. Cooper explains the risks of “too much too soon,” highlights foundational training phases, and describes how nutrition and hormonal health affect results.Mark gets candid about how yoga and even golfing without a cart reminded him how fitness translates into everyday life.Resources from the episode:Faith Ireland’s memoir: Getting to Justice: From Unwed Mother to State Supreme CourtDr. Emily Cooper’s book: The Metabolic Storm (2nd edition; new edition forthcoming)Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to share the real science behind why we get fat, addressing stigma and confusion with facts, hope, and empowering stories.Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedInConnect with Mark Wright on LinkedInConnect with Andrea Taylor on InstagramCheck out our new website where you can submit a mailbag question and sign up for our upcoming 100th Episode live audience taping on Thursday, September 4th at 9 a.m. PST! Be part of the milestone and bring your questions for Dr. Cooper.If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us atquestions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Fat Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute, working to expand access to effective, science-based metabolic care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/

Join Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright on Fat Science as they unravel the complex role of cortisol, the body’s primary stress hormone. Dr. Cooper explains how cortisol isn’t always bad—it helps us adapt to stress, mobilize energy, and even save our lives in emergencies, but chronic elevation can cause serious health problems like insomnia, weight gain, and increased risk for diabetes and heart disease. The team explores the science behind how stress impacts metabolism, why recovery and adaptation are essential, and practical, science-backed strategies for managing stress in everyday life.Key Takeaways:Cortisol helps the body adapt to acute stress but becomes harmful when chronically elevated, increasing risk for major health issues including metabolic dysfunction.Chronic stress can impair sleep, disrupt blood sugar regulation, and suppress immune function.Managing stress involves more than just eliminating stressors—recovery, lifestyle shifts, and purposeful micro-breaks are vital for a healthy stress response.Meditation, certain types of yoga, gentle exercise, fueling workouts with carbs, and improving sleep all have proven benefits for regulating cortisol.Balancing lifestyle choices, nourishing the body with complex carbs, antioxidants, and gut-friendly foods, and setting boundaries are crucial for long-term metabolic health.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea opens up about stress shopping and learning healthier coping habits.Mark shares how his career-induced sleep deprivation affected his health, and the positive changes he’s made.Dr. Cooper offers actionable advice on finding realistic ways to “take the load off,” from better sleep to more intentional rest.Resources from the episode:Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to share the real science behind why we get fat, addressing stigma and confusion with facts, hope, and empowering stories. Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.Check out our new website where you can ask a mailbag question and sign up to be in the audience for our 100th episode we’re recording on Thursday, September 4th at 9 a.m.PST. Be part of the live audience and ask Dr. Cooper a question. We’d love to celebrate this milestone with you!If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at questions@fatsciencepodcast.com or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Fat Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute which is on a mission to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright open the Fat Science mailbag to answer listener questions from around the globe. This episode covers real-world metabolic challenges—from navigating calorie restriction and GLP-1 medications to the complexities of bariatric surgery, prednisone’s impact on weight, and menopause. Dr. Cooper offers clear explanations and practical advice for healthcare professionals and patients alike on understanding metabolic dysfunction, interpreting lab results, and setting realistic weight loss expectations.Key Takeaways:Calorie restriction and intermittent fasting can destabilize metabolism, making recovery complex for some patients—gradual changes and medical monitoring are essential.Bariatric surgery can be an effective intervention for those with significant insulin resistance or high hunger signals. Pre-surgery metabolic testing (like insulin, glucose, and ghrelin levels) is valuable in assessing the likely benefit.Plateaus after surgery, persistent weight struggles, and the role of genetics highlight the need for root-cause investigation, not just symptom management.Prednisone and hormone therapies (including MHT for menopause) can affect metabolic health; small dietary adjustments, body composition testing, and tailored exercise are crucial for optimizing outcomes.Guidance on GLP-1 medication maintenance: Most patients benefit from staying on weight loss meds long-term, but dose adjustment is possible when side effects arise. Stability over many months is critical before considering any taper.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea shares her experience with bariatric surgery and ongoing metabolic management, emphasizing realistic expectations and the benefit of medication-surgery synergy.Listeners ask: how to evaluate readiness to stop weight loss meds, address side effects, and balance hormone needs during menopause.Resources from the episode:Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to share the real science behind why we get fat, addressing stigma and confusion with facts, hope, and empowering stories.Updates on Dr. Cooper’s upcoming virtual metabolic health training—ideal for practitioners in the UK and beyond.Information about Melanocortin pathway testing programs for severe, persistent obesity.https://uncoveringrareobesity.com/Link to previous show. “GLP-1s: Will I Have to Take Them Forever?” (5/19/25)https://open.spotify.com/episode/1GZA71gTMSz0idbnEYblVO?si=gJXxNkbYTHykhNDw0Ebltg Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at info@diabesityinstitute.org ordr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Fat Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute which is on a mission to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright unpack the latest breakthroughs in metabolic medications and why individual biology requires personalized treatment. Dr. Cooper explains how modern therapies for metabolic dysfunction go far beyond the old “one pill fixes all” approach. Discover how hormone-based medications like GLP-1 agonists are changing obesity and diabetes care, why medication response can differ drastically between individuals, and what the future holds for tailored metabolic treatments. You’ll come away with a clearer understanding of why effective weight management isn’t just about diet or willpower—it’s about precision medicine.Key Takeaways:Metabolic dysfunction is a complex, multi-hormonal disease; no single medication will work for everyone.New therapies, including dual and triple hormone agonists (like GLP-1, GIP, and amylin analogs), offer synergistic and individualized effects.Clinical observation shows that increasing doses or the “latest” medication doesn’t guarantee better results—some people may even find that their progress disappears after increasing to maximal doses.Lab markers (like ghrelin and leptin) could help personalize treatment, but cost and availability limit widespread testing.Concerns about muscle loss with GLP-1 drugs are common, but clinically, the risk mostly depends on nutrition, strength routines and muscle mass at baseline.Accessibility and cost remain barriers; new small-molecule drugs may improve affordability in the near future.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea relates how understanding her true metabolic issues, rather than just dieting, led to sustainable health changes.Dr. Cooper describes her clinic’s approach to measuring body composition and tracking lean mass to avoid unwanted muscle loss.Listeners are encouraged to work with knowledgeable providers, beware of “one size fits all” narratives, and stay hopeful as newer, more effective treatments emerge.Resources from the episode:Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at info@diabesityinstitute.org ordr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Fat Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute which is on a mission to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright revisit the critical topic of endocrine disruptors—chemicals in our environment that interfere with hormones and impact metabolism, weight, and overall health. Dr. Cooper breaks down how everyday exposures to substances like phthalates, BPA, and others can have generational effects on metabolic pathways and disease risk. The episode highlights the link between these chemicals and the rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and even cancer, while offering practical steps for minimizing exposure in daily life.Key Takeaways:Endocrine disruptors are chemicals found not only in food but in everyday items such as furniture, makeup, plastics, and baby products, making exposure widespread and difficult to avoid.These chemicals can mimic or block hormones, disrupting critical metabolic and developmental processes, with effects that may pass to future generations.Regulatory oversight in the U.S. is decreasing, with significant EPA budget cuts threatening existing screening and cleanup programs targeting endocrine-disrupting chemicals.Air quality improvements, especially through HEPA filtration, and making informed choices during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood, can help reduce exposure.Consumer awareness, advocacy, and using resources like the Environmental Working Group (EWG) app are key strategies for individuals seeking to lower risk.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea shares the everyday struggle to find safe, affordable alternatives and the surprise of seeing improvements in metabolic hormone levels after changing air filters and reducing workplace exposures.Dr. Cooper discusses strategies to minimize risk during critical windows such as preconception and pregnancy, and emphasizes the power of informed consumer choices in driving safer product development.Resources from the episode:Environmental Working Group (EWG) resources and app for product safety ratingsU.S. EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP)PubMed for scientific research on specific chemicals (BPA, phthalates, PFAS)Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at info@diabesityinstitute.org or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Fat Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute, which aims to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright tackle the frustrations of navigating the American healthcare system—especially when it comes to treating metabolic dysfunction, diabetes, and obesity. Mark vents about insurance obstacles, while Dr. Cooper breaks down how short-term thinking, excessive profit layers and lack of preventive care put patient health at risk. Andrea and Dr. Cooper share personal stories and expertise about the high cost and complexity of accessing vital medications. Together, they explore how incentives, policies, and profit motives harm patient outcomes and propose ideas for a system that truly values health over profits.Key Takeaways:The U.S. healthcare system appears to prioritize short-term profits over long-term health, making it hard for patients to access necessary preventive treatments.Insurance companies create barriers to care by denying medications until a patient’s condition worsens, favoring “sick care” over prevention.The cost of medications in the U.S. is often exponentially higher than in other countries due to lack of price negotiation and excessive middlemen.Access to essential drugs often depends on your employer, state, or industry, creating inequities for those outside favored sectors.Real cost savings—and better outcomes—come from investing in prevention and allowing providers and patients to make informed decisions without interference.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Mark and Andrea describe fights with insurance for medication access, including resorting to Canadian pharmacies and out-of-pocket payments.Dr. Cooper explains how prevention in her clinic has reduced heart attacks, strokes, and new cases of diabetes among her high-risk patients.Resources:Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at info@diabesityinstitute.org or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute which is on a mission to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright break down the essentials of a true metabolic workup. This episode moves beyond social media diet trends and digs into the science behind comprehensive lab panels, what they measure, and why they matter for your whole-body health. Dr. Cooper explains how to interpret common and advanced metabolic markers—like blood sugar, insulin, cholesterol, hormone levels, and more—while Andrea and Mark share personal insights into the power of understanding your metabolic baseline. If you’re concerned about weight, diabetes, or just want to know your numbers, this episode gives you the knowledge to talk confidently with your healthcare provider.Key Takeaways:A whole-body metabolic approach goes beyond just weight or blood pressure—comprehensive lab work (plus family history) is essential to uncover risks or dysfunction early.Standard blood panels provide useful clues (glucose, cholesterol, liver, kidney, blood pressure), but advanced tests (A1C, lipid particles, hormone levels, inflammation markers) round out the picture.Metabolic dysfunction is driven by factors far deeper than calories in/out—dieting and under-fueling can actually weaken metabolism over time.Medication for metabolic health is not a failure; it’s a science-backed intervention. Early and accurate testing allows for better, evidence-based treatment.Don’t ignore “borderline” results—addressing issues early is easier and more effective than trying to reverse advanced dysfunction later.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea recounts her life-changing journey from endless dieting to real answers through complete metabolic testing and individualized treatment.Mark highlights the need for patients to advocate for themselves and ask for more than just the standard panel at annual exams.References:Diet Failure Rate• Mann, T., et al. (2007). "Medicare's search for effective obesity treatments: diets are not the answer." American Psychologist, 62(3), 220-233• Anderson, J. W., et al. (2001). "Long-term weight-loss maintenance: a meta-analysis of US studies." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74(5), 579-584Persistent Metabolic Adaptation• Fothergill, E., et al. (2016). "Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after 'The Biggest Loser' competition." Obesity, 24(8), 1612-1619• Rosenbaum, M., & Leibel, R. L. (2010). "Adaptive thermogenesis in humans." International Journal of Obesity, 34(S1), S47-S55Long-Term Hormonal Disruption • Sumithran, P., et al. (2011). "Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss." New England Journal of Medicine, 365(17), 1597-1604• Rosenbaum, M., et al. (2005). "Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight." Journal of Clinical Investigation, 115, 3579-3586Weight Cycling Cardiovascular Risks• Montani, J. P., et al. (2006). "Weight cycling during growth and beyond as a risk factor for later cardiovascular diseases: the 'repeated overshoot' theory." International Journal of Obesity, 30(S4), S58-S66Resources:Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedInConnect with Mark Wright on LinkedInConnect with Andrea Taylor on InstagramFat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at info@diabesityinstitute.org or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.comScience is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute which is on a mission to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright uncover the truth about fatty liver disease and its rapid rise in both adults and children. It’s estimated 125 million Americans have the disease. Dr. Cooper explains the critical role the liver plays in metabolism—covering hundreds of essential functions—and why fatty infiltration poses serious risks. The episode demystifies diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment options, empowering listeners to take a proactive approach to liver health and metabolic wellness.Key Takeaways:Fatty liver disease, now known as MASLD—Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, affects about 30% of adults, and is rising in youth, especially those with obesity or type-2 diabetes.Risk is not limited to higher body weights; up to 15% of normal-weight people are also affected, with genetics playing a significant role.Diagnosis can be tricky: blood enzymes (ALT, AST) and platelet counts factor into the highly predictive FIB-4 score, while imaging (like fibroscan) provides clarity on severity.Untreated, fatty liver can progress to inflammation, fibrosis, and even require a liver transplant, though early-stage disease is often reversible with proper intervention.Treatment focuses on improving metabolic function—through medication, diabetes management, and sometimes lifestyle changes—as solely relying on diet and exercise may not be enough, particularly for advanced cases.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea shares her own experience discovering fatty liver disease and seeing rapid improvement after metabolic treatment.The hosts discuss common misconceptions, and why liver health should be checked in both children and adults, regardless of body size or outward health.Resources:Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at info@diabesityinstitute.org or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute which is on a mission to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright explore the concept of “male menopause” and whether it’s backed by science. Dr. Cooper breaks down hormonal changes in men, including testosterone decline, metabolic dysfunction, and the myths surrounding andropause. The episode dives into why men and women experience aging differently, how metabolism ties into hormone shifts, and what really happens to male fertility and energy over time. After listening, you’ll understand why “male menopause” isn’t the full story and what really matters for men’s health as they age.Key Takeaways:There’s no sudden “male menopause”—testosterone declines gradually in men, unlike the rapid hormonal changes seen in female menopause.Metabolic dysfunction can suppress testosterone in men, leading to fatigue, muscle loss, and changes in body fat distribution.Converting testosterone to estrogen in belly fat can further suppress testosterone, creating a cycle that impacts energy and mood.Testosterone therapy might be beneficial for some men with low levels, but should always be guided by a healthcare provider after thorough evaluation.Most supplements marketed to “boost testosterone” are unproven and potentially unsafe—focus on medical advice and proper testing.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Mark shares his journey with testosterone treatment and how restoring balance improved his mood and energy.Andrea and Dr. Cooper discuss the importance of understanding individual lab results, getting the full metabolic picture, and consulting with primary care providers before considering hormone therapy.Resources:Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at info@diabesityinstitute.org or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute which is on a mission to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright explore the expanding world of telehealth in treating metabolic issues. Dr. Cooper sheds light on both the promise and pitfalls of accessing medications like GLP-1s through online platforms. The episode dives into the effectiveness of patient-provider relationships, the importance of comprehensive and personalized care, and the potential red flags in impersonal telehealth services. After listening, you’ll understand the benefits of telehealth and why thoughtful, thorough medical guidance is crucial for metabolic health.Key Takeaways:Telehealth has improved accessibility and convenience for metabolic care, but not all platforms offer the same quality of support.The lack of personalized interaction and lab-based assessments in many telehealth services can pose risks to patient health.Quick, transactional telehealth models often prioritize medication sales over holistic care and ongoing patient monitoring.Comprehensive care requires detailed history-taking, follow-up, and lab work—elements often missing in mass-market telehealth.Listeners should watch for red flags such as no direct provider interaction, absence of lab testing, and subscription models tied to product sales.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea reflects on her own journey and the difference a dedicated, whole-person approach made to her health.Dr. Cooper shares her experience testing a mass-market telehealth site, exposing the superficial nature of some programs.The panel urges listeners to seek out board-certified providers and reputable telehealth organizations for genuine care.Link to US National telehealth clinics with Board Certified Obesity Medicine providers: Knownwell (non-affiliated)Resources:Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, a show idea, feedback, or just want to connect, email us at info@diabesityinstitute.org ordr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute which is on a mission to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/

This week on Fat Science, Dr. Emily Cooper, Andrea Taylor, and Mark Wright answer listener questions from around the world about metabolic health. This mailbag episode explores widely-debated topics like “starvation mode,” weight loss plateaus, the relationship between metabolism and cognitive health, cannabis and metabolism, metabolic effects of liposuction, and the latest on GLP-1 medications.Key Takeaways:Dr. Cooper dispels myths around “starvation mode,” citing research on the long-term metabolic impact of dieting and caloric restriction.Weight loss plateaus are often misunderstood—Dr. Cooper explains the natural adaptations behind them and how to assess true progress.Metabolic health plays a major role in brain function, cognitive decline, depression, and dementia prevention.Cannabis affects metabolic pathways in complex ways, with regular use potentially causing negative metabolic effects.Liposuction can trigger metabolic rebound and rapid fat regain for some patients, especially when leptin levels are low.Updates on GLP-1 meds: Liraglutide is available in generic form, but costs fluctuate. New oral and combination therapies are on the horizon.Personal Stories & Practical Advice:Andrea and Mark reflect on their own journeys with dieting, weight plateaus, and medication.Dr. Cooper shares clinical experiences with metabolic rebound after liposuction and ways to navigate pharmacologic treatments.Correction: Lilly has a lower cash pay for Medicare and Medicaid, but Novo Nordisk is not yet.References related to diet-induced metabolic adaptation, also called biological adaptation and defense of body weight. 1. Keys, A., Brozek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen, O., & Taylor, H. L. (1950). The Biology of Human Starvation. University of Minnesota Press.2. Dulloo, A. G. (2021). Physiology of weight regain: Lessons from the classic Minnesota Starvation Experiment on human body composition regulation. Obesity Reviews, 22, e13189.3. Müller, M. J., & Bosy-Westphal, A. (2013). Adaptive thermogenesis with weight loss in humans. Obesity, 21(2), 218-228.4. Rosenbaum, M., & Leibel, R. L. (2010). Adaptive thermogenesis in humans. International Journal of Obesity, 34(S1), S47-S55.5. Fothergill, E., Guo, J., Howard, L., Kerns, J. C., Knuth, N. D., Brychta, R., ... & Hall, K. D. (2016). Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after "The Biggest Loser" competition. Obesity, 24(8), 1612-1619.6. Johanssen, D. L., Knuth, N. D., Huizenga, R., Rood, J., Ravussin, E., & Hall, K. D. (2012). Metabolic slowing with massive weight loss despite preservation of fat-free mass. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 97(7), 2489-2496.7. Sumithran, P., Prendergast, L. A., Delbridge, E., Purcell, K., Shulkes, A., Kriketos, A., & Proietto, J. (2011). Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(17), 1597-1604.8. MacLean, P. S., Bergouignan, A., Cornier, M. A., & Jackman, M. R. (2011). Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 301(3), R581-R600Resources:Connect with Dr. Emily Cooper on LinkedIn.Connect with Mark Wright on LinkedIn.Connect with Andrea Taylor on Instagram.Fat Science is a podcast on a mission to explain where our fat really comes from and why it won’t go and stay away. We are committed to creating a world where people are empowered with accurate information about metabolism and recognize that fat isn’t a failure. This podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice.If you have a question for Dr. Cooper, email us at info@diabesityinstitute.org or dr.c@fatsciencepodcast.com.Fat Science is supported by the non-profit Diabesity Institute which is on a mission to increase access to effective, science-based medical care for those suffering from or at risk for diabesity. https://diabesityresearchfoundation.org/