Quantified Health, Wellness & Aging

In this twenty-first episode, Nichola Conlon provides a scientific background, introducing sirtuins and NAD. She then explains why popular NAD+ boosters, NR and NMN, are first-gen products. Read the transcript She details how Nuchido formulated the first second-gen product by taking a novel whole systems approach. Lots of NAD, anti-aging, and nutraceutical discussion along the way. Topics we discussed in this episode Recent personal experience with COVID-19 Her molecular biology PhD focus Systems pharmacology Help from Aubrey de Gray Disillusioned with drug development Founding Nuchido What are Sirtuins? What is NAD? Importance of NAD. Why Boost NAD Levels? Inefficiency of First-Gen NAD Supplements: NR and NMN Three ingredients to boost NAD Pure NAD limitations Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) 60% increase in NAD "only" Second-gen, demonstrated it can be done much better if you take a whole systems approach Importance of NAD salvage pathway PARP enzymes Inability to power sustained high-levels because of salvage pathway deterioration First-gen may not be great for epigenetics Increases expression of the enzymes in the salvage pathway that are known to decline with age Ingredients that reduce the expression of other processes that are actually wasting NAD Enzyme called CD38 Inflammatory levels - CD38 just chews up NAD Multiple things that you can do to fix the cell before you even need to put precursors in. NAD decreases with age Do we Need NAD Supplements? Sirtuins and mitochondrial biogenesis Boosting your NAD levels, improves mitochondrial function. Multiple reasons that are causing the NAD to decline, boosting as with first-gen only the amount of raw material that your cell has is quite naïve Second-gen helps fixe your body's natural ability to make and recycle its own NAD Nuchido TIME+ boosts NAD on average by 242%, four times more than the 60% widely cited for first-gen ChromaDex vs Elyisum Health Terms B3, niacin, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, NR Abram Hoffer and orthomolecular medicine Nicotinamide is not likely to be a sirtuin inhibitor, How to measure NAD levels Nuchido TIME+ ingredients Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and effects on AMPK Conversion of NADH to NAD+ Drift more towards having more NADH in your cell with age Pathway called NQO1, converts NADH back to NAD+ ALA is a really powerful antioxidant, activates NRF2 ALA vs ALA-R Sophora Japonica Extract Rutin, senolytic NAMP Aging is an inflicted cascade disorder Show links Nuchido (Company Website) ChromaDex (Company Website) Elysium Health (Company Website) Elysium Health, Inc. Loses Appeal of Patent Challenge Decision (Press Release) Orthomolecular Medicine (Wikipedia Entry) Abram Hoffer (Wikipedia Entry) Niacin: The Real Story: Learn about the Wonderful Healing Properties of Niacin (Amazon, Book) Orthomolecular Medicine for Everyone (Amazon, Book) GlycanAge (Company Website)

In this twentieth episode, Polina Mamoshina introduces recently launched Deep Longevity, and its app (young.ai). Read the transcript Biomarkers of aging are introduced. She explains that they have taken a superior approach by using deep learning instead of machine learning. Aging clocks in general are covered. Finally, she shares her view that transcriptomic and proteonomic clocks are the likely future. Topics we discussed in this episode Personal background: Moscow State University, Oxford University, Insilico Medicine hackathon Bringing Deep Longevity out of stealth, Young.ai companion app Deep Longevity introduction including company aims Description of Young.AI app Biomarkers of aging as the accelerant of market for aging interventions Introduction to aging clocks: Horvath, Hannum Taking a novel and superior technological approach to aging clocks, using deep neural networks, instead of shallow machine learning Limitations of shallow machine learning models Ability of neural networks to capture highly non linear dependencies and what that matters for biological age determination Investing in anticipated payoff from deep learning over the long-term, even if machine learning may be good enough in many cases now Biological age prediction with Aging.ai Two approaches to designing aging clocks Machine learned PhenoAge biological age score Introducing mortality, with the GrimAge score Longevity clinics and life insurance as market Biological age scoring as onboarding tool for life insurance markets Training datasets Common blood analytes used in PhenoAge vs Aging.ai Optimized blood analyte levels for a given individual to get younger Orthodox medicine uses blood analyte levels that are not specific to the individual and not optimized ranges; designed to detect only late-stage pathologies Cheapness of regular blood analytes Emerging market is likely to age score bodily subsystems rather than provide an overall singular biological age score Goal is to find the fastest ticking clock in your body Biological age test using a selfie Providing a library of biological age scores, from free to expensive, so users can upgrade, find out more about themselves Belief that proteomic and transcriptomic clocks will outperform epigenetic clocks in terms of being actionable with interventions Epigenetics and aging Acceleration of the aging rate may show up "late" in terms of being able to intervene, on the epigenome Youthful blood plasma exchanges and age quantification Transcriptomic, proteomic, and glycomic clocks Anticipated rise of longevity clinics Show links Deep Longevity (Company Website) Insilico Medicine (Company Website) Human Longevity, Inc. (Company Website) Regent Pacific Group (Company Website) Young.AI (App from Deep Longevity) Aging.AI (Biological Age Prediction) 'DNA Methylation Age of Human Tissues and Cell Types' (Paper) 'Assessment of Epigenetic Clocks as Biomarkers of Aging in Basic and Population Research' (Paper) Steve Horvath (WikiPedia Entry) 'Genome-wide Methylation Profiles Reveal Quantitative Views of Human Aging Rates' (Paper) Gregory Hannum (LinkedIn) Morgan Levine (LinkedIn) 'An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan' (Paper) Elysium Health (Company Website) 'DNA Methylation GrimAge Strongly Predicts Lifespan and Healthspan' (Paper) FOXO BioScience (Company Website) NHANES III (CDC) AgeoTypes (Stanford Article) GlycanAge (Company Website) GENOS (Company Website) 'Biohorology and Biomarkers of Aging: Current State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Opportunities' (Paper) 'Deep Aging Clocks: The Emergence of AI-Based Biomarkers of Aging and Longevity' (Paper) 'Deep Integrated Biomarkers of Aging' (Paper) 'Deep Biomarkers of Aging and Longevity: from Research to Applications' (Paper)

In this nineteenth episode, Stephen Matlin introduces telomere biology. He details how testing services typically use Q-PCR which provides an average telomere length and why that doesn't really mean anything. Read the transcript Instead the percentage of critically-short, measured using Q-FISH, does. Finally he chats about supplements - telomerase inducers - for growth. Topics we discussed in this episode Introduction to telomere biology Hayflick limit, senescent cells, apoptosis Telomeres and the hallmarks of aging Quantitative PCR derived average telomere length vs shortest telomeres Coefficient of variation of lab samples Role of supplements in supporting our telomeres and overall biological function Declining nutrition in even vegetables Telomerase inducers TA-65 and TAM-818 Telomerase enzyme Henrietta Lacks cells, cancer and the Hayflick limit Telomerase supplements and cancer Telomerase inducer Telomere Benefits™ Providing biological age scores using telomere measurements Telomere length and correlation with healthspan Improving upon biomarker Prostate Specific Antigen with Prostate Telomere Associate Variance Show links LifeLength.com (Company Website) T.A. Sciences TA-65 (UK/Europe) T.A. Sciences TA-65 (Amazon.com) Hayflick, His Limit, and Cellular Ageing (Paper) The Hayflick Limit (Embryo Project Encyclopedia) The End-Replication Problem (Paper) Leucocyte Telomere Length And Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review And Meta-analysis (Paper) Association Between Leucocyte Telomere Length And Cardiovascular Disease In A Large General Population In The United States (Paper) The Hallmarks of Aging (Paper) Coefficient of Variation (Wikipedia Entry) A Natural Product Telomerase Activator Lengthens Telomeres in Humans: A Randomized, Double Blind, and Placebo Controlled Study (Paper) The Telomerase Activator Ta-65 Elongates Short Telomeres And Increases Health Span Of Adult/old Mice Without Increasing Cancer Incidence (Paper) Discovery Of Potent Telomerase Activators: Unfolding New Therapeutic And Anti-aging Perspectives (Paper) The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 (Website) Defy Time (Website) Telomere Benefits™ (Product Link) Mathematical Connection Between Short Telomere Induced Senescence Calculation And Mortality Rate Data (Paper) Comparison Of Telomere Length Measurement Methods (Paper) Beyond Average: Potential For Measurement Of Short Telomeres (Paper)

In this eighteenth episode, Alexis Shields explains that blood biomarkers may be obtained directly and the results used to reduce chance of future disease occurrence, as well as remedy any subclinical symptoms. Read the transcript She provides a tour of some of the common biomarkers. Along the way she describes her virtual functional medicine practice. Topics we discussed in this episode Terms naturopathic, homeopathic, allopathic and functional medicine Urine biomarkers, DUTCH test Triglyceride to HDL ratio correlates with cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and diabetes Thyroid testing and Reverse T3 Thyroid and low mineral status Hashimoto's disease and hypothyroidism Hematology testing Machine learning tool for looking at blood work Iron vs ferritin Iron levels Cholesterol testing High-resolution lipid analysis LDL, nor total cholesterol has much predictive power Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and Lipoprotein(a) Cholesterol and immunity Adrenal testing Sodium and potassium levels and adrenal dysfunction Cortisol testing Urine testing of pH is really tricky Dietary cholesterol has minimal impact on blood cholesterol levels Electrolytes and diet Body acidity and disease Insulin resistance Physiological insulin resistance Glucose and melatonin Blood tests and supplements with COVID-19 in mind Show links DrAlexisShields.com (Website) Stop Flushing Terabytes of Data Down the Toilet – (EP11: Daniel Maggs, bisu) Nordic Labs (Website) TG:HDL – Heart Disease Risk Calculator (Online Tool) KSM-66 Ashwagandha Extract (Website) Rhodiola Rosea (Website) Hormesis (Wikipedia Entry) Lymphocytes Definition (Article) Leukocytes Definition (Article) Neutrophils Definition (Article) BloodSmart.ai (Website) C-Reactive Protein (Article) LIPOPRINT LDL Subfractions Test (Website) NMR Lipid Profile (Article) DUTCH Test (Website) Anion Gap (Wikipedia Entry) HOMA-IR Calculator (Web Page)

In this seventeenth episode, Gordon Lauc introduces glycobiology. He details GlycanAge®, the world’s first direct-to-consumer glycan-based product. Read the transcript He explains that it can quantify how well interventions (e.g. supplements) work for you as an individual, and how much healthy life you’ve got left. Finally he details a potential COVID-19 glycan biomarker to accurately assess your risk. Topics we discussed in this episode [coming soon] Show links [more links coming soon] GlycanAge (Website) Genos (Website)

In this sixteenth episode, Knut Wittkowski shares his expert view that lockdowns were not necessary. That he can’t figure out a single justification for extending them. That there is no “second wave”. Read the transcript That there is no viable option other than herd immunity, and that by prolonging the pandemic, we are putting the vulnerable at greater risk. [This episode was removed within hours of release by YouTube, Apple Podcasts and Google Podcasts. It was later reinstated by both Apple Podcasts and Google Podcasts. However YouTube have since rejected all appeals, only go far as to state that it violates ‘community standards’] Topics we discussed in this episode [coming soon] Show links ASDERA (Website) Neil Ferguson's Imperial model could be the most devastating software mistake of all time (The Telegraph, Article) Government scientist Neil Ferguson resigns after breaking lockdown rules to meet his married lover (The Telegraph, Article) 'The costs are too high': the scientist who wants lockdown lifted faster (The Guardian, Article) Professor Neil Ferguson (Imperial College London) Professor Sunetra Gupta (Oxford University) Perspectives on the Pandemic | The (Undercover) Epicenter Nurse | Episode Nine (Journeyman Pictures, YouTube) A Brief 2-minute look at Viral Seasonal Dynamics (Ivor Cummins, YouTube) Ep78 Stanford Professor and Nobel Prize Winner Explains this Viral Lockdown (Ivor Cummins, YouTube) Ep81 The Amazing Immunology of our Viral Issue (Ivor Cummins, YouTube) COVID-19: The T Cell Story (Blog, Article) Professor Sunetra Gupta interview: There’s not enough diversity of opinion on Sage (The Spectator, Article) Science clash: Imperial vs Oxford, and the sex smear that created rival Covid-19 studies (The Telegraph, Article) Coding that led to lockdown was 'totally unreliable' and a 'buggy mess', say experts (The Telegraph, Article) California Doctors Go on Ingraham Angle, Challenge Official COVID Policy — YOUTUBE THEN TAKES DOWN THEIR VIDEOS! (Article) YouTube censors epidemiologist Knut Wittkowski for opposing lockdown (New York Post, Article) Swedish official Anders Tegnell says 'herd immunity' in Sweden might be a few weeks away (USA Today, Article) ‘We could open up again and forget the whole thing’ (Spiked, Article) The U.K.’s Coronavirus ‘Herd Immunity’ Debacle (The Atlantic, Article) Coronavirus: Hundreds of scientists warn UK government’s response to outbreak ‘risking lives’ (Independent, Article) Even while cancelling mass gatherings, the U.K. is still aiming for deliberate ‘herd immunity’ (Fortune, Article) Remarks by President Trump, Vice President Pence, and Members of the Coronavirus Task Force in Press Conference (February 26, 2020, White House) Lockdown and social distancing could make our immune system weaker, says scientist (The Telegraph, Article) Fundamental principles of epidemic spread highlight the immediate need for large-scale serological surveys to assess the stage of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (Paper) Estimates of the severity of COVID-19 disease (Paper) The first three months of the COVID-19 epidemic: Epidemiological evidence for two separate strains of SARS-CoV-2 viruses spreading and implications for prevention strategies (Paper)

In this fifteenth episode, Liz Parrish shares her quest for radical life extension and details her two completed gene therapies. Read the transcript She describes the regenerative medical tourism available today for increased lifespan and costs. She relates her company's mission to create a human that regenerates faster than they degenerate. She details her upcoming gene therapies, including upgraded IQ. Topics we discussed in this episode Making controversial medical history Quest for radically increased longevity Upregulating telomerase, hTERT Downregulates myostatin, follistatin Interest in regenerative medicine technologies Desire to help billions of people Comany goal to create a human that regenerates faster than they degenerate PGC-1α BioViva's DNA methylation kit Plan to look at multiple aging clocks Regenerative medical tourism Childhood ambition Space travel and gene therapy are intertwined Personal goals Morphological freedom Hope for the future Being of optimistic nature Gene therapy - dystopian or utopian? Gene therapy costs Societal health stratification Making humans more malleable like software What is gene therapy? Gene delivery and viral vectors Next personal gene therapy - Klotho Next personal gene therapy - PGC-1α Developing New Viral Vectors Apo-A1 Milano Adeno-Associated Virus (AVV. AAV-2) Show links BioViva (Website) Integrated Health Systems (Website) Telomeres and Longevity: A Cause or an Effect? (Paper) Effects of Myostatin Deletion in Aging Mice (Paper) Telomeres and Telomerase as Therapeutic Targets to Prevent and Treat Age-Related Diseases (Paper) Inhibition Of Myostatin With Emphasis On Follistatin As A Therapy For Muscle Disease (Paper) PGC-1α in Aging and Anti-Aging Interventions (Paper) TimeKeeper™ DNA Methylation kit (Landing Page) Longevity (Subreddit) Maximum Life Foundation (Website) George Church (Wikipedia Entry) Factor IX (Wikipedia Entry) hTERT (Wikipedia Entry) Hayflick Limit (Wikipedia Entry) Follistatin (Wikipedia Entry) The Longevity Hormone Klotho Is a New Player in the Interacion of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Axis (Paper) rs9536314/Klotho Gene (SNPedia Entry) PGC-1α in Aging and Anti-Aging Interventions (Paper) María A. Blasco (University Staff Page) The Long Saga of Apo-A1 Milano (Article) Why Most Published Research Findings Are False (Paper)

In this fourteenth episode, Dr. William Davis shares his view that healthcare is not primarily concerned with our health. Instead it is concerned with profit, even at the expense of our health. Read the transcript He explains that the best way to protect our health and our finances from healthcare is to take our health under our control. And in doing so we can achieve “magnificent health”. Topics we discussed in this episode Healthcare system primary focus on profit, not your health The more you spend on healthcare, the more the mortality rate goes up Addressing factors that allow disease to emerge in the first place Healthcare may make you sicker and fatter "Magnificent health" is achievable with little to no drugs A long-term ketogenic diet has negative effects on gut microbiome composition Vitamin D and magnesium deficiency Disrupted gut microbiome composition factors Small Intestinal Bacteria Overgrowth (SIBO) SIBO link to rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, polymyalgia rheumatica, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Parkinsonism, Alzheimer’s dementia Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 Grain elimination to avoid zinc deficiency Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Bifidobacterium Longum Akkermansia Muciniphila Stopping or reversing coronary atherosclerosis CT heart scanning NMR lipoprotein testing What foods cause harmful LDL-Cholesterol particles Lipoprotein(a) Thyroid tests A1C test LIPOPRINT high-resolution cholesterol test Corrupt JUPITER study Magnesium water Need for iodine; kelp Vitamin K2 Show links Wheat Belly Blog (Website) Undoctored (Website) AIRE device (Website) Small Intestinal Bacteria Overgrowth (SIBO) Test (Website) "Leaky Gut Syndrome" (NHS Article) Triage Theory of Aging (YouTube Video) The Unique Probiotic Benefits of L Reuteri Yogurt (YouTube Video) The Efficacy of Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 in Infants and Children: a Review of the Current Evidence (Paper) The Effect of Lactobacillus Reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 on Volumetric Bone Mineral Density in Patients With Osteopenia (Paper) The Lactobacillus casei Group: History and Health Related Applications (Paper) Towards a Better Understanding of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG - Host Interactions (Paper) Bifidobacterium Longum Subspecies Infantis: Champion Colonizer of the Infant Gut (Paper) Strategies to Promote Abundance of Akkermansia Muciniphila, an Emerging Probiotics in the Gut, Evidence From Dietary Intervention Studies (Paper) Genova GI Effects® Microbial Ecology Profile Test (Website) Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Score Testing Locations (Website) Coronary Artery Calcium Data And Reporting System: Strengths And Limitations (Paper) Understanding the NMR LipoProfile Test Report (PDF) Lipoprotein(a): Biology and Clinical Importance (Paper) Quantimetrix LIPOPRINT Test (Website) JUPITER: a Few Words of Caution (Paper) Magnesium Bicarbonate Water Recipe (Website) Molecular Hydrogen Tablets (Amazon.com) In Defense of Vitamin K2 MK-4: Dr. Price’s Activator X (Article)

In this thirteenth episode, Tom Stubbs, Co-Founder/CEO of Chronomics starts with introducing epigenetics. He describes the technology and expertise that he's brought together to create the only company in the world advancing the forefront of epigenetic biomarkers. Read the transcript He explains how their A.I. based health biomarker engine will be used to reduce your risk of future illness. Topics we discussed in this episode Focus of Chronomics Epigenetic sequencing Epigenetic ideal data type for preventive health Epigenetics ideal for figuring out age-related and chronic conditions Genomics and epigenetics provide complimentary data Histone methylation DNA methylation MTHFR gene CpG sites Chronomics health biomarker engine Epigenetics and aging Blood vs saliva as an epigenetic sampling type Arrays vs next-generation sequencing Why epigenetics is a fantastic data type Developing unique epigenetic signatures or biomarkers Polygenic risk scores Biological age and epigenetic clocks Using blood vs saliva for epigenetic clock input Arrays vs sequencing for epigenetic clock input Genetics vs epigenetics Leveraging epigenetics to personalize pharmaceutical agent or drug intervention risk/reward Leveraging epigenetics to personalize rejuvenation therapy or longevity compound reward decisions Ending flying blind as to whether things have a positive impact or a negative impact on your health Providing people with access to their molecular level biological data Ability to retain that immortality across the human existence Epigenetics in utero mechanisms Epigenetics across generations Epigenetic memory IPS reprogramming Dietary interventions on rate of biological aging Show links Chronomics (Website) Tommy Wood on Engineering Sustained Health Using A.I. & Standard Blood Chemistry (Podcast Guest #006) What is 30x and 0.4x Whole Genome Sequencing? (Article) Next-Generation Sequencing vs. Microarrays (Article) 100,000 Genomes Project (Wikipedia Entry) From Metabonomics to Pharmacometabonomics: The Role of Metabolic Profiling in Personalized Medicine (Article) Homocysteine and MTHFR Mutations (Article) CpG site (Wikipedia Entry) Polygenic Score (Wikipedia Entry) Epigenetic Clock (Wikipedia Entry) Steve Horvath (Wikipedia Entry) Jeff Kaditz on Multiscale Digital Models of Human Biology, Turning Health into a Hard Science (Podcast Guest #012) The Epigenetic Landscape in the Course of Time: Conrad Hal Waddington's Methodological Impact on the Life Sciences (Paper) Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (Wikipedia Entry) Beta Oxidation (Wikipedia Entry) Cell Potency (Wikipedia Entry) Steve Horvath (Wikipedia Entry) Dutch Famine of 1944–45 (Wikipedia Entry) Gamete (Wikipedia Entry) From Germline to Soma: Epigenetic Dynamics in the Mouse Preimplantation Embryo (Paper)

In this twelfth episode, Jeff Kaditz, Founder/CEO of Q Bio begins with coronavirus chat. He goes on to explain that most medical knowledge today is probably incorrect or heavily biased. That there’s almost nothing a doctor does that couldn’t have been done 200 years ago in terms of the information. Read the transcript He presents his vision to run ‘search engines for the body’ and turn healthcare into hard science. Topics we discussed in this episode Coronavirus possibly a once in a hundred year pandemic unfolding Present confusion around the impact of coronavirus Home tests for coronavirus Need for an analytics platform for measuring change in the human body Human health is more of a long tail distribution than a normal distribution Absurdity that we reduce complicated diseases to a single variable measured at a single point in time Applying modern information theory and data science to understanding human health Physical exam of the future gathers genetic, chemical and structural information Building a healthcare system that actually gets better and more efficient over time Transforming healthcare and health into hard science and an information science Getting to the point of being able to test body hypotheticals Envisioning a triage layer in front of the existing primary care system Building the ultimate clinical decision support tool for the future Clinical studies are flawed The more people that have lived, the better we should be at understanding what’s going on in our bodies Age of the digitization of biology Lab assays bake the query into the assay In the near future the query becomes software, not the actual physical process of gathering information Will become feasible and cheap to just measure everything about the human body on some regular interval Healthcare will truly become a pure information science Most medical knowledge today is probably incorrect and it’s probably heavily biased Need to take multi-scale measurements like physics does No reason why we shouldn’t be able to stay as young as we want indefinitely Body is an entropy fighting system which eventually loses the battle The end goal should be getting to more proactive or preventative medicine In the future we will know why we got sick Show links Q Bio (Website) CNN "Australian leader warns coronavirus outbreak is a 'once-in-100 year' crisis" (News Article) COVID-19: No Longer Business as Usual (Article) Modelling When Will Existing Hospital Beds Fill With COVID-19 Patients, by US State (Google Sheet) Elon Musk "Panic is Dumb" (Tweet) Reuter's "'It's ridiculous': Trump travel ban sows panic in European airports" (News Article) Everlywell COVID-19 Test (Website) COVID-19 in Italy: Momentous Decisions and Many Uncertainties (LANCET Paper) "WHO Says The Coronavirus Global Death Rate Is 3.4%, Higher Than Earlier Figures" (Article) Elon Musk Ant-Malarial Drug for Coronavirus (Tweet) Elon Musk Ant-Malarial Drug for Coronavirus (Tweet 2) Brad Perkins on a New Healthcare Industry Emerging From Computing (Podcast Guest #001) Why Software Is Eating the World (Article) LifeSpan by David Sinclair (Book) 2019–20 Coronavirus Pandemic (Wikipedia Entry) Forward (Website) Parsley Health (Website) Human Longevity, Inc (Website) Health Nucleus (Website) Nathan Price on ‘Scientific Wellness’ as Dominant Paradigm of 21st Century Healthcare (Podcast Guest #007)

In this eleventh episode, Daniel Maggs enlightens listeners as to how today we are flushing away our bodily waste daily without first capturing the highly-valuable data it contains. Read the transcript He details his companies forthcoming smart urine analyzer that provides personalized health advice. He shares a lot of excitement as to where home and personalized health is going. Topics we discussed in this episode The three types of ketone Blood, urine or saliva as the gold standard/s Electrolytes and other biomarkers Balancing electrolytes Kidney aging and testing Slowing kidney aging Advantages of looking at ketones relative to things like magnesium, sodium, potassium Future of home and personalized health The passing of Quantified Self Biohacking future, a mainstream culture of health and wellness Other companies in the home and personalized health space More scientific rigor and objectivity in the wellness industry Collaborations on the Bisu data; oral health, baby health, pet urine testing Show links Bisu (Website)

In this tenth episode, Jeremy Malecha discusses his company plans to democratize and scale functional medicine by more effective data processing. Read the transcript He discusses the need to consolidate data across hundreds of lab test lab providers, structuring of that data and finally the ability to better leverage the data. He discusses his own personal health journey along the way. Topics we discussed in this episode Plan to build a "personalized health engine" to democratize and speed-up functional medicine resolutions to patient symptoms What functional medicine is Some common blood biomarkers Jeremy's personal health journal from sub-optimal to resolution Other functional medicine tests including microbiome, heavy metals and DUTCH The overly manual and therefore inefficient nature of functional medicine presently The need to consolidate the data from all the different labs Enabling the practitioner understand and process the data faster Trying to have machine help give meaning over multiple lab provider results Moving beyond "tribal knowledge" to something more grounded in data and explicit Food sensitivity testing Labs are not unlocking value in their data repository Business model in data collected from all labs Show links Biocanic (Website) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-10 (Wikipedia Entry) Microbiome Testing: Wild Goose Chase or Modern Miracle? (Article) C-Reactive-Protein (Wikipedia Entry) Precision Analytical DUTCH test (Website) The MTHR Gene Mutation and How to Rewire Your Genetics (Article) Dirty Genes: A Breakthrough Program to Treat the Root Cause of Illness and Optimize Your Health by Ben Lynch (Book) Triglyceride Over HDL Ratio Calculator (Website) NMR LipoProfile Test (Website) Heads Up Health (Website) QuickSilver Scientific (Website) Diagnostic Solutions GI Map (Website) Difference Between Classic IgE Food Allergies and Delayed IgG Food Allergies (Article) SpectraCell (Website) Viome (Website) Cyrex Laboratories (Website) Wellevate (Website) FullScript (Website) Alcat Test (Website) Investors Just Bet $2.4 Billion That Your Gut is the Next Frontier for the Hottest Part of Healthcare (Article) Oxford Biomedical Technologies (Website) Quest Diagnostics (Website) LabCorp (Website)

In this ninth episode, Travis Christofferson provides an overview of his new future of medicine book “Curable: How an Unlikely Group of Radical Innovators is Trying to Transform our Health Care System”. Read the transcript He covers the great inefficiencies of healthcare and harm it’s doing to swaths of the patient population. He explains it’s too qualitative than quantitative, that incentives are misaligned. He offers hope by urging a shift to being data-driven. Topics we discussed in this episode The economics of Moneyball Data can overcome our cognitive biases Repurposing medications Metformin Huge disparities and variations of treatment Veneration of a physician’s intuition has and still causes great harm Complexity of medicine has outstripped the human mind ability to do it effectively Fee for service model incentivizes unnecessary treatments Prescribed medications are third largest cause of death globally 30% to 50% of all healthcare dispensed is over treatment Doctors on salary change the way they practice medicine, aligning with patient more Precision pre-operation antibiotic timing Easily saving thousands of lives saved and billions of dollars The need to get to the source of disease and use a preventative type of medicine Unnecessary cancer treatment with early detection The need to focus on wellness and lifestyle things like diet Metformin and berberine Going all the way disease upstream and tackling aging itself Resveratrol Interventions like ketogenic diet and fasting show great data, but no incentives due to lack of financial rewards Most expensive treatments typically done even when there is no data to indicate that they are more effective Healthcare is a parasite dragging down American business on the world stage Amazon, JP Morgan and Berkshire Hathaway building their own healthcare from the inside out Virta Health as an example of an emerging innovative boutique health system Variation in treatment is not something that’s taught in medical school Healthcare is disassociated from the way capital markets traditionally work End of life chemotherapy and other aggressive treatments are evil Lack of government investment in research to treat disease at source, the aging process itself Water fasting before chemotherapy Epigenetics Our health is nowhere near as deterministic as we used to think just twenty years ago Show links Tripping over the Truth: How the Metabolic Theory of Cancer Is Overturning One of Medicine's Most Entrenched Paradigms by Travis Christofferson (Book) Curable: How an Unlikely Group of Radical Innovators is Trying to Transform our Health Care System by Travis Christofferson (Book) Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game by Michael Lewis (Book) Care Oncology UK (Website) Care Oncology USA (Website) Metformin (Wikipedia Entry) Radical mastectomy (Wikipedia Entry) Sapiens DS’ Brad Perkins on a new healthcare industry emerging from computing (Previous Episode transcript) Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness by Richard Thaler (Book) An American Sickness: How Healthcare Became Big Business and How You Can Take It Back by Elisabeth Rosenthal (Book) Intermountain Healthcare (Website) Brent James MD (LinkedIn Profile) Hacking the Software for Life by Brad Perkins (Conference talk video) The Price We Pay: What Broke American Health Care and How to Fix It by Marty Makary MD (Book) Metformin and berberine, two versatile drugs in treatment of common metabolic diseases (Paper) Lifespan: Why We Age and Why We Don't Have To by David Sinclair PhD (Book) Overkill: An avalanche of unnecessary medical care is harming patients physically and financially. What can we do about it? by Atul Gawande (New Yorker, Article) Virta Health (Website) Substantial health and economic returns from delayed aging may warrant a new focus f...

In this eighth episode, Ben Hwang, Chairman & CEO of Profusa, provides an overview of injectable biosensors. He explains that the technology enables a model akin to getting a blood test every few seconds of our life (rather than only every few years when sick). Read the transcript He predicts that this “unlocked stream of biochemistry data” will become married to other data (e.g. our voice patterns) to provide a panoramic view of our health and wellbeing. Topics we discussed in this episode Continuous, realtime measurement of an individual’s biochemistry Injectable biosensors Biosensor components Solving the 'foreign-body response' Blood chemistries that can and can't be measured in the interstitial fluid Three stages of the sensor Achieving calibration with heterogeneity of tissue Putting multiple chemistries on one single sensor (multiplexing) Episodic measurements taken by a clinician every few years vs realtime direct measurements Changing towards a proactive (forward looking) rather than rear-view looking measurement of blood chemistry Achieving a product cost similar to the price of a Netflix subscription Empowering individuals to be able to make healthcare decisions and decisions about their wellbeing Impacting how insurance companies, healthcare providers etc. think about keeping a population or individual healthy The extent to which today's medical practitioner will remain as intermediaries The economic need to move to prevention Ambition to touch a billion people Marrying biochemical data to other data such as voice (tones, word pattern), pollen count, activity level etc. Being able to predict and monitor many more biomarkers than the ones we actually have to measure Forthcoming CE and FDA approval Multiyear measurement of glucose in realtime The majority of the population will one day have implantable biosensors for continuous long-term monitoring of blood chemistries Show links Profusa Website 'Fluid compartments' Wikipedia Entry 'Foreign body granuloma' Wikipedia Entry Bloodcalculator.com Website

In this seventh episode, Nathan Price, Professor & Associate Director of the Institute for Systems Biology, explains the concept and aspiration of 'scientific wellness'. He predicts that it will become the dominant paradigm of 21st century healthcare. Read the transcript He explains ‘personal, dense, dynamic data clouds’ will enable both peak wellness and disease avoidance. Possibilities that China may leapfrog the United States. Topics we discussed in this episode What is systems biology What are 'Personal, dense, dynamic data clouds' Quantification of health and wellness Quantification of disease states and transitions into disease states Types of data in a 'data cloud' 'Dense phenotyping' Only 10% of a person’s lifetime health can be attributed back to the healthcare system What is 'scientific wellness' Focusing towards the elements that constitute 90% of a person’s lifetime health 20th century medicine vs 20th century medicine Early triggering and intervention on pre-disease states Societal level issues as cause of disease The Pioneer 100 Study Self empowerment thru knowledge to eliminate for oneself a disease trajectory The 100K Wellness Project The International Human Phenomics Organization China's deep investment into quantified health and wellness, and early-disease prediction The limitations of the American 'All of Us Program' Comparison with Verily's Project Baseline iCarbonX and Human Longevity Incorporated China's lower regulatory burden than the United States Large food manufactures must pivot towards quantified health and wellness Biological age calculation The human genome has been mis-sold to the public Democratization of wellness centric healthcare 'Scientific wellness' will be the dominant paradigm for 21st century medicine Healthcare has misaligned economic and health incentives Competition of innovation in the healthcare marketplace Innovation from outside the current healthcare industry Show links Institute for Systems Biology Website Arivale Website Scientific Wellness will Drive The Future of Health YouTube Video Leroy Hood Wikipedia Entry P4 Medicine Landing Page A Wellness Study of 108 Individuals Using Personal, Dense, Dynamic Data Clouds Paper Institute for Systems Biology and Arivale “Pioneer 100 Study” Press Release 100K Wellness Project Wikipedia Entry “International Human Phenome Project (Phase I)” Launched in Shanghai Article Michael P. Snyder Wikipedia Entry Homeostatic Model Assessment WikiPedia Entry HOMA Calculator We Can Do Better — Improving the Health of the American People Article Personal Decisions Are the Leading Cause of Death Paper Joseph Antoun Guest Page Value-Based medicine: Concepts and Application Paper Hacking of the American Mind by Robert Lustig Book NIH The All of Us Research Program Website Project Baseline Website iCarbonX Website Human Longevity Inc. Health Nucleus Landing Page

In this sixth episode, Tommy Wood, Chief Scientific Officer of Nourish Balance Thrive, explains that the majority of modern disease is caused by our environment and as such, under our control. Read the transcript He shares his experience that A.I. coupled with ordinary blood tests, can inform us of changes we can make to protect/optimize our health, or when sick, lower the cost by predicting which further tests to conduct. delete this row ---- In this sixth episode, Tommy Wood, Chief Scientific Officer of Nourish Balance Thrive, explains that the majority of modern disease is caused by our environment and as such, under our control. Topics we discussed in this episode Most chronic disease (e.g. diabetes, Alzheimer's, arthritis, certain cancers) we could eliminate by controlling our environment (e.g. diet, sleep, toxic exposures) Sustaining long-term health by preventing, or slowing down the aging processes Predicting chronic disease based upon subjective quality of life questionnaires or with the inclusion of simple blood tests, processed by machine learning algorithms Prediction of biological age based upon simple blood tests, processed by machine learning algorithms Personalizing lifestyle interventions to achieve longer health and life spans, using only simple blood chemistry processed with machine learning Nourish Balance Thrive’s Blood Chemistry Calculator Nourish Balance Thrive’s Elite Performance Analysis Tool Laboratory biomarker ranges are averages derived from a sick population rather than a healthy nor optimized health population Predicting where an individual's health may be further optimized (e.g. nutrient deficiencies, heavy metal loads, hormone levels) using only cheap blood tests processed by machine learning algorithms Humans (e.g. doctors) would be unable to see valuable patterns in cheap blood test data Lack of biological data derived from healthy individuals, masses of data derived from sick individuals Groups working on health optimization as opposed to orthodox healthcare’s focus on sick care Non-pathological insulin resistance, physiological insulin resistance Elevated fasting glucose and predicted biological age Genomics can’t optimize an individual's diet and lifestyle, at least at present An individual's diet and lifestyle can be optimized today through subjective questionnaires and simple blood chemistry processed by machine learning algorithms Most chronic disease is a metabolic disease Ancestral health approach prevents or even reverses chronic disease; advanced technologies not needed Digital phenotyping Need to filter tap water and other environmental controls to protect our health span The likelihood that most of the healthy population is in fact not “healthy”; the bar of “healthy” has been lowered so people don’t know of a “more well” Gut issues underlie or contribute to many health issues we see today Building tools that can track underlying trends or patterns in our blood biochemistry so that we can know if lifestyle interventions are working for us Nutritional epidemiology is a broken science Democratizing functional medicine Engineering sustained health Show links Nourish Balance Thrive Website Blood Chemistry Calculator Elite Performance Analysis Tool Digital Phenotyping Wikipedia Entry Insilico Medicine Biological Age Prediction Calculator Kenneth M. Ford Wikipedia Entry Bryan Walsh Website Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC) Website Chris Kelly LinkedIn Profile What is Functional Medicine Article The Dawn Phenomenon – Why are Blood Sugars High in the Morning Article DayTwo Website Quick Silver Mercury Tri-Test

Read the transcript In this fifth episode, Don Brown, CEO LifeOmic, explains the nomenclature shift from precision medicine to precision health, details the firm footing his company has in precision health, how it’s now extending another foot forwards into hyper wellbeing. Lots of app, lifestyle medicine, lifespan, healthspan and biological age quantification chat. Topics we discussed in this episode Precision medicine vs precision health Storage of panoramic health data/longitudinal datasets Intermittent fasting Institutional top-down and emerging bottom-up direct-to-consumer approaches to health Precision health vs hyper wellbeing Need to focus on aging itself as root cause of most diseases Homeostasis Healthspan vs lifespan Lifestyles that accelerate aging Lifestyles that decelerate aging Biological age quantification Using an app to decelerate aging, extend lifespan and increase healthspan High insulin as age accelerator Evolutionary medicine as age decelerator Machines as overlords vs machines as health companions Precision lifestyles guided by machines Healthcare set for exponential changes ahead Lack of nutritional training in medical school Tendency of healthcare institutions to hoard data and doctors trained to limit data gathered Hormesis Our biological avatar models running in the cloud Orthomolecular medicine and triage theory In app integration of genomics, microbiome and other tests In app gamification of "healthy living" Mindfulness Glucose ketone index Tying lifestyle changes to rate of biological aging to change behavior Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and other supplements Show links LifeOmic Website LifeOmic Fasting Tracker for iOS Download LIFE: The Socially-Connected Intermittent Fasting App that Leverages Precision Medicine Blog Article A Vision of LIFE Extend — A Powerful Precision Health Mobile App Blog Article LIFE Extend - Pre-Registration Web Page Epigenetic Clock Wikipedia Entry DNA Methylation Age of Human Tissues and Cell Types Paper DNA Methylation-Based Biomarkers and the Epigenetic Clock Theory of Ageing Paper Hormesis Wikipedia Entry Antagonistic Pleiotropy Hypothesis Wikipedia Entry myDNAge Website Life Length Website Effects of Longevinex (Modified Resveratrol) on Cardioprotection and its Mechanisms of Action Paper Cancer as a Metabolic Disease: On the Origin, Management, and Prevention of Cancer Book Warburg Effect Wikipedia Entry Hyper Wellbeing Episode #002 - L-Nutra’ Joseph Antoun on Fasting Mimicking Diets, Biological Aging and Longevity Juvenescence: Investing in the Age of Longevity Book An Epigenetic Biomarker of Aging for Lifespan and Healthspan Paper Methylation Aging Clock: An Update Blog Article Steve Horvath Wikipedia Entry Slowing Ageing by Design: the Rise of NAD+ and Sirtuin-Activating Compounds Paper Sirtuin Wikipedia Entry David Sinclair's Beginner's Guide to Anti-Ageing News Article Triage Theory Paper Orthomolecular Medicine Wikipedia Entry What is Glucose Ketone Index Blog Article Glucose Ketone Index (GKI) Calculator What is Tokenomics and How it Can Make or Break your ICO Elysium Health Website Longevinex Website Leonard P Guarente Wikipedia Entry

Read the transcript In this fourth episode, Ardy Arianpour, CEO and Co-Founder of Seqster, shares why the future of your health data is a centralized view, controlled by you, pulled from wearables, genetic tests, logged nutritional intake as well as your medical records even if spread across medical institutions. He relates the unique ability and need to share our lifetime of health data transgenerationally. Topics we discussed in this episode Apple's acquisition of Gliimpse in 2016 Google's failed attempt of personal health data storage Microsoft HealthVault Apple Medical Records Why Seqster is different from other services offering to collate your medical records The consumer value of longitudinally matched data sets, particularly multi-generational The hijacking of Electronic Medical Records for greater profit rather than patient care The ability to provide a single unified view of our health data, spanning wearable devices, to lab tests such as genetics, to our electronic medical records even if spread over multiple institutions The reluctance of orthodox healthcare to liberate our health data The creation of a new legal framework to share our lifetime of health data with our family and/or society, posthumous Show links Seqster Website Chain of Custody Wikipedia Entry PatientBank Shutdown Notification Blog Post National Institutes of Health (NIH) — All of Us Research Program Web Page Gliimpse CrunchBase Entry Picnic Health Website Heads Up Health Website Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Wikipedia Entry Affective Computing Wikipedia Entry Google Health Wikipedia Entry Stanford Medicine September 2018 White Paper: The Future of Electronic Health Records PDF An American Sickness: How Healthcare Became Big Business and How You Can Take It Back by Elisabeth Rosenthal Book Hyper Wellbeing 2016 Conference Video - Walter De Brouwer: From IA to AI in Healthcare Microsoft HealthVault Web Page HumanAPI Website Apple Health Records Web Page

Read the transcript In this third episode, Ivor Cummins, Chief Program Manager of Irish Heart Disease Awareness (IHDA), shares why as a top class engineer he’s been decoding the causes of human chronic disease and obesity. He relates why orthodox healthcare is unnecessarily putting our health and lives at risk. He imparts what we can do ourselves to predict and prevent modern disease. Topics we discussed in this episode Ivor’s blood chemistry showing high serum ferritin, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and cholesterol Ivor’s inability to get answers about the root cause of the high markers, nor any quantification of any increased morbidity or mortality His search for answers and the answer itself His serendipitous discovery that the risk markers used by orthodox healthcare are weak let alone optimal, even deeply misleading Better risk markers for morbidity and mortality prediction Serendipitously meeting David Bobbett who also had an axe to grind with orthodox healthcare after he discovered using his own efforts that he was very high risk, after being told he was low risk by healthcare The use of generic risk factor algorithms by orthodox healthcare and why they are not good enough Medications are often a very weak intervention e.g. little effect on all-cause mortality Correct diet and lifestyle is a more powerful intervention as it addresses the root cause Dietary root causes - primarily refined sugars, refined carbohydrates and vegetable oils (the three building blocks of manufactured “food like” products) Mixture of refined carbohydrates and fats is the least optimum for longevity and healthspan There is no more important factor in weight loss and longevity than your insulin status The bar where orthodox healthcare puts diabetes and diabetic physiology is very late in the diabetic journey, whereas it could be caught 15 years earlier The majority of the American adult population have diabetic physiology; the majority share this single metabolic disease Most doctors are not aware of insulin resistance outside the context of diabetes nor aware of insulin as a disease cause, only a medication Diabetic physiology is linked to fatty liver, obesity, heart disease, Alzheimer’s, many cancers; in fact all modern chronic diseases Orthodox healthcare is using glucose to determine diabetic status, whereas it should be using insulin, particularly post-prandial insulin Use of HOMA calculation as a cheap yet better measure of diabetic physiology Use of Kraft-Assay as the gold standard to measure of diabetic physiology Total cholesterol is a very poor risk marker LDL, the “bad” cholesterol is a very poor independent risk marker High resolution LDL analysis (LIPOPRINT/NMR) Bypassing fuzzy risk markers and guesses by using the Coronary Calcium Score (CAC) to see the disease directly The four types of people - it’s the metabolically unhealthy, thin outside, fat inside (TOFI) at the four who are most risk The orthodox intervention, low fat diets and vegetable oils, will probably just hasten your demise. Nutritional guidelines have been based upon junk science and have only exacerbated chronic disease and obesity Show links Irish Heart Disease Awareness (IHDA) Website Jeffry Gerber, MD Website Ivor Cummins Website Eat Rich, Live Long: Mastering the Low-Carb & Keto Spectrum for Weight Loss and Longevity Book David Bobbett on Independent.ie Rich List Web Page Coronary Calcium Score Web Page How Could a fit 51-year-old Have a 25pc Chance of a Massive Heart Attack Within a Year? Article Atherosclerosis Wikipedia Entry Framingham Risk Score Wikipedia Entry Framingham Risk Score Calculator Web Page Adipose Tissue Wikipedia Entry 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Report ACC/AHA 2013 Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Calculator Web Page The Top 10 Causes of Death - WHO Web Page

Read the transcript Chronological age constitutes the central risk factor for major pathologies that limit healthspan, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. However reaching an old age does not necessarily though result in a higher degree of age-related disability. In other words there is great heterogeneity in the health outcomes of elders. This is evidenced by long-lived individuals from families expressing extraordinary longevity and with a lower prevalence of age-related diseases. They show “youthful” profiles for many metabolic and immune-related parameters and are considered “decelerated” or “healthy agers”. The rate of aging is malleable, and poor health in late life is not inevitable. Contrary to the previously held belief that increased risk of diseases and disability with advancing age results from inevitable, as well as genetically determined intrinsic aging processes, more recent studies indicate that many of the usual aging attributes are due to lifestyle and other modifiable factors. Organ systems throughout the body for example, show age-dependent declines in integrity even among young healthy people in their 20s and 30s. Targeting aging in younger, still healthy individuals should allow earlier intervention and damage avoidance. By the time chronic diseases are diagnosed, much damage is done and undoing it is difficult. It also stands to offset the economic burdens of a skyrocketing aging population blighted by multiple chronic conditions. Today biomedicine takes on conditions one at a time (e.g. Alzheimer's), rather than attempting to stall incremental cellular damage and changes (caused by unhealthy aging) that lead to multiple conditions. Economic incentives in both biomedical research and healthcare reward treating diseases in isolation more than promoting true health. For the past three decades reliable indicators of biological age, rather than chronological age, along with determinants of healthy aging, has been pursued. (Chronological age refers to the actual amount of time you’ve been alive. Biological age is therefore a truer measure of age than date of birth. Chronological age does not change, regardless of how healthy a lifestyle). Only recently has there been success in quantification of biological age. Complimentary, findings that aging can be delayed in mammals have raised the credibility of prolonging human healthspan. The target to identify aging biomarkers was to improve upon chronological age as a predictive risk factor and to enable earlier, proactive interventions; particularly lifestyle changes (additions, subtractions, modifications). Methods to quantify biological processes of aging are now showing promise. Biological aging measures are designed to capture subtle, organism-wide shifts in physiological integrity. To be truly useful, such measures need to be able to tell exactly where a person is in their total lifespan (therefore must be predictive of the rate of aging). While life expectancy has increased remarkably over the last two centuries worldwide (due to hygiene, antibiotics etc.), healthspan is not keeping pace because current disease treatment often decreases mortality without preventing or reversing the decline in overall health. People are now sicker longer, often coping with multiple chronic diseases simultaneously. Thus, there is an urgent need to extend healthspan Human lifespan variation is mainly determined by environmental factors (with food choices and patterns being primary), whereas the genetic contribution is 25-30% and expected to be polygenic. Therefore personalized diets and fasting strategies offer promise in optimizing human healthspan and lifespan. In this second episode, Joseph Antoun, Chairman of the Board and CEO of L-Nutra Incorporated, shares his personal mission to grow the concept of biological aging. He describes his vision that by quantifying biological age and by push...