Reformed Thinking

Deep Dive into Christian Theology by Millard J. Erickson - The Continuing Rite of the Church: The Lord's SupperThe Lord’s Supper is a vital rite, considered the continuing practice of the visible church, instituted by Jesus Christ himself. Christian groups agree on six foundational points, including the necessity of repetition of the rite until Christ’s second coming, its function as a proclamation of His atoning death, and its role in conferring spiritual benefit upon the believer. Participation is uniformly restricted to genuine followers of Christ who have engaged in rigorous self-examination to ensure they partake in a worthy manner.The deepest disagreements center on the nature of Christ’s presence in the elements. The Traditional Roman Catholic view affirms transubstantiation: the substance of the bread and wine is metaphysically changed into the physical body and blood of Christ, though the outward appearance, or accidents, remains the same. The Lutheran view rejects transubstantiation but maintains Christ’s physical presence "in, with, and under" the bread and wine, insisting on manducation, the real eating of Christ’s body. The Reformed view holds that Christ is present dynamically or spiritually, while the Zwinglian view considers the elements to be mere symbols used for commemoration.Administrative authority is also disputed. Sacerdotalism dictates that only certain persons, such as a Catholic priest ordained into the apostolic succession, are qualified to administer the sacraments. Non-sacerdotal positions, however, believe the rite's efficacy derives from Christ’s power, allowing any Christian or church-designated leader to preside.Regarding the physical elements, decisions must balance duplicating the original Passover setting (requiring wine and unleavened bread) with conveying the spiritual meaning, allowing grape juice to represent Christ’s blood. When traditional elements are unavailable, substitutes may be employed, provided they maintain the essential symbolism. Since Scripture gives no explicit command on how often the Supper must be observed, frequency is determined by practical and psychological considerations, aiming to inspire conscious reflection without becoming routine.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into From Cosmos to Canon to Conscience: The Progress of Revelation (Psalm 19)The structure of divine regulation and spiritual growth is presented across three stages of revelation—Creation $\rightarrow$ Canon $\rightarrow$ Christ—leading the worshiper from universal awe to acceptable devotion.The initial stage, Creation (general revelation), is the “Silent Sermon of the Skies”. The heavens ceaselessly proclaim God’s glory and handiwork, rendering humanity “without excuse”. However, this wordless testimony is insufficient for salvation; it awakens awe and moral accountability but cannot regenerate the heart or pronounce gospel pardon, thus driving the hearer toward the written Word.The second stage, the Canon (special revelation), provides the perfect and sufficient instruction necessary to renew the sinner. Scripture is detailed through six titles, each paired with a quality and a transformative effect. For instance, the perfect Torah revives the soul, turning the wandering life back to the path; the sure Testimony stabilizes the impressionable (the simple) by imparting moral discernment (wisdom); and the right Precepts gladden the heart because aligning the conscience to God’s straight path creates joy (orthodoxy produces doxology). The clean Fear of the LORD, representing the reverent life produced by Scripture, endures forever, implying that this sufficient Word leaves no lack for new revelations.The final stage is the response to this revelation, culminating at the altar of personal consecration. The penetrating light of the Law diagnoses the worshiper's imperfections, exposing hidden faults (unintentional sins) and guiding the saint to seek restraint from presumptuous sins (willful rebellion). The ultimate goal is acceptable worship, defined as congruence between the words of the mouth and the meditation of the heart. Crucially, this acceptance is not secured by human sincerity or merit, but is mediated solely by the Redeemer, who is the worshiper’s Rock and Kinsman-Restorer, thus ensuring that obedience is offered through grace.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into Sins of the Heart: HatredHatred is fundamentally rooted in the hidden soil of the heart, flowing from total depravity and deeper sins like pride, envy, and unforgiveness. Scripture identifies this inner posture as "heart-level murder," where angry contempt and malicious ill-will toward an image-bearer violate the Sixth Commandment. The Law exposes this pervasive sin, forbidding not only homicide but also sinful anger, the desire for revenge, and the nursing of grudges.Hatred often survives by camouflage, manifesting subtly as cool contempt, calculated delay, the private wish for an offender’s harm, or withholding mercy. On digital platforms, this surfaces as mockery and performative scorn, where algorithms monetize the outrage that stems from a heart ready to be provoked. The Law reveals that even sentimental silence, or the failure to rebuke a neighbor, can mask hatred.The decisive end to enmity is accomplished objectively at the cross, where Christ killed the hostility between God and sinners. The cure for heart-hatred is applied through sanctification, where union with Christ serves as the engine empowering the believer to put off malice and put on the contrary graces: compassion, kindness, humility, and, above all, love.This transformation requires concrete action, such as particular confession of heart-hatred and an active refusal of private vengeance. Believers must practice prompt reconciliation, adhering to Jesus’ "altar interruption" which prioritizes seeking peace over ritual. The vocabulary of hatred is replaced by gracious speech, guarded by filters like the "triple screen"—ensuring words are true, necessary, and gracious. By refusing retaliation and striving to overcome evil with good, the church fulfills its mandate to be a community fluent in reconciliation, visibly embodying the peace purchased by Christ.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into Sufficient by God: Ministers of the New Covenant (2 Corinthians 3:5–6)Paul’s defense of ministry establishes that sufficiency originates wholly and exclusively from God, decisively rejecting the modern temptation toward self-sufficiency. Paul denies any intrinsic competence, stamina, or spiritual ability within the minister, stating that nothing, not even the ability to form right conclusions, originates from "ourselves." Ministerial competence ($\text{ἱκανότης}$) is not achieved but is decisively bestowed by God, who actively qualifies ($\text{ἱκάνωσεν}$) His servants for service.This divine qualification grounds ministry in the new-covenant economy, which is defined as "not of the letter but of the Spirit." This contrast is between two administrations, not between Scripture and the Spirit. The "letter" ($\text{γράμμα}$) refers to the Mosaic Law as an external, written code, which functions to expose sin and pronounce sentence; therefore, "the letter kills." When utilized by sinners seeking life, the law inevitably condemns, demonstrating the old administration as a ministry of death.In contrast, the New Covenant’s defining power is the Spirit ($\text{πνεῦμα}$), whose proper work is to "give life" ($\text{ζῳοποιεῖ}$). The Spirit begins where the letter terminates, regenerating believers and uniting them to Christ. The Spirit fulfills the prophetic promises by internalizing God’s will, moving the law from stone tablets to human hearts. This inward enablement ensures obedience, supplying the power required to fulfill the law’s righteous requirement, which the external letter could only command.The realization that sufficiency is bestowed by God shifts the ministerial posture away from relying on human technique, charisma, or external metrics. Ministry must be focused on Word-and-Spirit dependence, prioritizing the ordinary means of grace—Word, sacraments, and prayer—as the Spirit-appointed instruments of life. This guarantees that all adequacy, all fruit, and all glory are from God alone, resulting in a posture of humility and holy confidence.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

The drills have ended, but something else has begun.Aboard a ship where hymns are weapons and silence is law, Asset Elias Knox is summoned to observe—not speak—as the choir rehearses for a holy voyage. But beneath the sanctioned song, another sound moves. A tone that does not belong. A living undertone that neither obeys rhythm nor machine.To question it is to risk accusation. To ignore it is to risk everything.A priest watches him. A Magos listens for ghosts. A star punched into brass where no chart should have one waits to be read.And Elias—collared, unbent, carrying forbidden truth like breath—knows one thing with terrible clarity:Whatever this is, it is already awake.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into Institutes of the Christian Religion by John Calvin - Election Is Confirmed by God's Call; Moreover, the Wicked Bring upon Themselves the Just Destruction to Which They Are DestinedDivine election is the hidden, eternal cause of salvation, a sovereign decree intended to secure salvation and immortality for the elect. The ultimate purpose of this plan is to showcase God’s glory, demonstrating His free mercy toward the chosen and His severity toward the reprobate, who are justly condemned. Election is based entirely on divine mercy and precedes all human works, including faith.This hidden election is externally manifested through God’s call, which serves as its "attestation." There are two kinds of call. The general call is the outward preaching of the Word, through which God invites all indiscriminately. However, since this message is shared with the wicked, for whom it becomes a "savor of death" leading to severer condemnation, the general call is not a full proof of election. The special or inward call is the effectual work of the Holy Spirit, granting inward illumination to the elect alone, effectively teaching them and leading them to faith.Assurance of this eternal election is not found by attempting to penetrate the divine secret, which is likened to a bottomless whirlpool, but rather by clinging to the sure attestation of the call and the resulting faith. Faith is the confirmation for the individual, as it is the very work produced by election. Christ is the "mirror" wherein believers must contemplate their election, as those adopted by God are chosen only in Him.The certainty of election is sealed internally by the Holy Spirit, known as the Spirit of adoption, who acts as the guarantee of the inheritance to come. This Spirit establishes and seals the assurance of adoption in the hearts of believers, ensuring that those who truly cleave to Christ will never perish.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into Self-Confrontation: A Manual for In-Depth Biblical Discipleship by John C. Broger - Man's Way and God's Way (Part I)Prayer is defined as essential to a Spirit-controlled life and vital for communication with God. Believers are commanded to be devoted to prayer, praying without ceasing and unceasingly bringing everything before the Lord. Jesus Christ exemplified prayer by making it a frequent priority, praying specifically, and always in submission to God's will. God answers prayer with "Yes," "No," or "in greater measure". Answers are contingent on asking according to God's will, in faith, and in obedience. Conversely, receiving answers is hindered by unconfessed sin, doubt, and selfish motives, or when God's glory is better revealed through enduring a trial.The resources provided for living God's way include the Bible, the Holy Spirit, and prayer. The Bible is the sole authority for faith and conduct and the sole legitimate standard by which all living is evaluated. All Scripture is inspired by God and is deemed adequate and equipped for every good work. Its purpose is fulfilled through teaching commands and guidelines, reproving by identifying error, correction leading to change and repentance, and training in righteousness. Scripture also acts as a powerful weapon against spiritual wickedness and provides cleansing and hope.The Holy Spirit, who is eternal, truth, and present everywhere, is necessary for the abundant life and empowers believers to solve problems and resist the desire of the flesh. He is the believer's Guide, Instructor, and Counselor, revealing the mind of God, teaching, and leading to all truth. The Holy Spirit cooperates in divine works such as creation, the resurrection, justification, and sealing the believer. He also develops Christlike character, and provides comfort, joy, and assistance in prayer.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into The Doctrine of Original Sin by Jonathan Edwards - Universal Morality Proves Original Sin; Particularly the Death of Infants, with Its Various CircumstancesDeath is described in the sources as the chief calamity and the most extreme and terrible of all natural evils in this world. It is regarded as such because of the profound terror it inspires in mankind—creatures capable of desiring and reflecting on immortality, yet possessing an extreme dread of death. Furthermore, death is the ultimate measure of suffering, exemplified by the description of Christ’s agony as suffering "unto death," and is attended by an "awful appearance" suggesting profound divine displeasure.Fundamentally, death is understood not merely as a limitation of existence but as a judicial consequence of sin, a sentence pronounced by God as a righteous judge. The Apostle Paul states that sin entered the world, and death followed by sin. This connection establishes that universal death is a most glaring manifestation of God’s anger or "wrath," as the term "wrath" is often used in Scripture for calamities that issue in death. The Psalmist explicitly connects general mortality to being consumed by God's anger.The fact that death reigns universally proves universal sinfulness, or the doctrine of original sin. If death is a judicial punishment, then no individual can be perfectly innocent, as the righteous Judge of all the earth would not bring this terrible evil upon those "worthy of no punishment at all." This is powerfully demonstrated by the death of infants, who are incapable of actual sin but die in vast numbers, often suffering extremely and being included without distinction in historical mass judgments (such as the Flood, Sodom's destruction, and the last destruction of Jerusalem).This view stands in sharp contrast to the opinion held by Dr. T., who argues that affliction and death are a great benefit intended purely as fatherly chastisements designed to mortify pride, restrain lusts, and lead men to obedience, suggesting they are "not of the nature of punishments." However, the Gospel contradicts this, representing death not as a favor but as the "last enemy that shall be destroyed" by Christ, the second Adam. The destruction of infants, who cannot make the spiritual improvement suggested by Dr. T., serves as primary evidence that death must be a penalty for inherent guilt.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into Commentary on the Book of Psalms by John Calvin - Psalm 13The subject matter details David’s profound spiritual exercise as he moves from overwhelming affliction and despair to an assured hope grounded in divine promise. David’s initial state is marked by disquietude, stemming from sorrow that returns daily and a multitude of tormenting thoughts, as he fruitlessly deliberates on methods of obtaining relief. This internal turmoil is compounded by the external reality that his enemies triumph boldly over him, leading David to the desperate feeling that God has forgotten him and hidden His face.In his petition to Jehovah his God, David seeks the "light of life." His request to "enlighten mine eyes" is a Hebrew idiom meaning to give the breath of life and restore vigor, lest he "sleep in death," which is used metaphorically for death. This plea is urgent, as he argues that his continued suffering allows his adversaries to wickedly triumph over God himself, whose peculiar office it is to repress the insolence and audacity of the wicked.David overcomes these powerful temptations toward despair by employing the resources of faith, which wrestles against the judgment of the flesh. Faith allows his mind to apprehend God’s invisible providence and penetrate the darkness to see hidden grace, securing his welfare in God’s hand contrary to his physical feelings. It assures him that his prayers will be effectual.His resolution to persevere is based entirely on his trust in God’s unwavering goodness and the hope of salvation. God promises the faithful not a reward, but benefits bestowed from pure grace, as the Hebrew word gamal signifies. David affirms that his deliverance flows entirely from this divine goodness. By extending his view into the future and achieving a cheerfulness of faith, David pledges pre-emptive praise, thus placing the future deliverance immediately before his eyes before it is physically realized.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into Balanced by Grace: Walking Worthy of Our Corporate Calling (Ephesians 4:1)The Christian life is defined by the command to walk in a manner worthy of the calling received. This command, articulated in Ephesians 4:1, functions as the crucial hinge, swinging the epistle from the theological doctrines of grace (the indicatives) to the concrete ethical duties (the imperatives). The command is delivered with cruciform authority, as the Apostle Paul identifies himself as "the prisoner in the Lord," setting a tone of authority that bleeds and authenticates the costliness of the gospel.The term “worthy” signifies proportion or fitting conduct, like scales balanced to a proper weight. It means letting one’s life match what the gospel weighs—its holiness, love, and truth—without implying that merit can be earned. The "walk" refers to the believer's sustained pattern of life, which must be calibrated to the "calling," God’s effectual and corporate summons into Christ’s one new humanity. This makes the worthy walk fundamentally ecclesial, lived out and tested within the church community.The worthy walk visibly displays three primary first fruits. First is unity, which is maintained through specific gospel virtues, including humility, gentleness, patience, and forbearance in love, practiced within the friction and fellowship of the church. Second is purity, achieved by rejecting the "old futility of mind" and putting on the "new man" created in true righteousness and holiness, which governs all conduct, including speech, temper, and ethical integrity. Third is maturity, the ultimate goal of attaining "the stature of the fullness of Christ." Maturity requires corporate growth through mutual edification, where every member contributes, and is characterized by "speaking the truth in love," which blends clarity with charity.Ultimately, the Christian life is balanced by grace: duty flows from the capacity already created by the sovereign call. This path requires durable, hopeful obedience, resisting both legalism and antinomianism, and is sustained by the certain hope of resurrection glory until the promise of the calling becomes sight.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into The Treasury of David by Charles Spurgeon - Psalm 2Psalm 2, often titled THE PSALM OF MESSIAH THE PRINCE, sets forth the unfolding divine plan for Christ’s sovereignty and ultimate triumph. The Psalmist, David, speaks in a twofold character, referring literally to his own establishment on the throne and allegorically to his great Antitype, Jesus Christ. This structure allows the theme to ascend from human affairs to the height and brightness of heaven.The Psalm is divided into four stanzas of three verses each, illustrating a dramatic sequence:The Nations are Raging (Verses 1–3): This begins with the tumultuous rebellion of earthly rulers and nations, motivated by the deep-seated "hatred of human nature against the Christ of God." Their rage—an outward agitation like the roaring sea—is organized malice aimed at casting off all divine restraint, crying, "Let us break their bands asunder." They imagine a vain thing, as their efforts are futile.The Lord in Heaven Derides Them (Verses 4–6): Contrasting human rebellion with divine sovereignty, God pours contempt upon the plotters by laughing at their irrational schemes. After derision, God speaks a "galling sentence," confirming His unchangeable decree: "Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion." This means Christ’s throne is established in the gospel church, His headquarters.The Son Proclaims the Decree (Verses 7–9): The Anointed One declares the decree that confirms His "glorious Divinity" ("Thou art my Son"). He reveals His universal inheritance, receiving the heathen and the "uttermost parts of the earth." His plan includes irresistible judgment, using a "rod of iron" to break rebellious nations "like a potter's vessel."Advice is Given to the Kings (Verses 10–12): The Psalm concludes by exhorting the rebellious rulers to "Be wise now, therefore" and submit. They are commanded to "Kiss the Son" in homage and "Serve the Lord with fear." This submission is infinitely wise, as blessedness awaits all who put their trust in Him, while even a little kindling of His wrath brings sudden perdition.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into The Gateway to Blessedness: Refuse, Replace, Rehearse (Psalm 1:1–2)The Psalter is structurally framed by the "two-psalm gate" (Psalm 1 and Psalm 2), which serves as a great doorway demanding that the worshiper choose between two competing ways of life. This framework sets the Psalter’s core theological purpose: to train wisdom under the scepter of God’s King.The two psalms are bound together by the theme of blessedness ($\text{'ashrê}$) and the key verb $\text{hāgāh}$ (meditation). Blessedness, signaling covenantal well-being, is initially defined by two fundamental strokes. The first is a wise refusal, traced through the triads of refusal (walk, stand, sit; counsel, way, seat), which interrupts the descent from outside influence to hardened identity. This refusal ensures separation from deforming liturgies.The second stroke is a glad replacement, centered on delight ($\text{ḥēphets}$) in the LORD’s Torah. This delight is an affectionate choice that serves as the "joy-filled engine" of the blessed life, ensuring that holiness is propelled by superior love, not duty. This delight leads to the habit of rehearsal: continual meditation ($\text{hāgāh}$) "day and night." This verb pictures low, audible rumination—"chewing" the Word until it sinks into the heart.The use of $\text{hāgāh}$ contrasts sharply across the gate: the righteous murmur Scripture (Psalm 1) while the nations plot rebellion (Psalm 2). By wedding the ethics of delight (Psalm 1) to the politics of allegiance (Psalm 2), the Psalter asserts that true blessedness is found in covenantal formation by the written Word under the rule of God’s Anointed. Jesus Christ is the truly Blessed Man who perfectly fulfilled this royal piety, making this blessedness accessible to believers united to Him, who are renewed by the Spirit to follow His pattern of refusal, delight, and rehearsal.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into Romans by Robert H. Mounce - Romans IntroductionPaul’s letter to the Romans is a magnificent and systematic presentation of the gospel, written primarily to set forth the doctrine of justification by faith and its implications for Christian living. Paul composed the letter during the final stages of his third missionary journey, most likely while he was in Corinth, Greece, around A.D. 56, having stayed there for three months. Internal evidence, including greetings from his host Gaius and the city’s director of public works Erastus, confirms Corinth as the place of origin. The letter was recorded by his amanuensis, Tertius.The letter's comprehensive nature was strategic: Paul intended to use the church in Rome as a base for his planned mission to Spain, and he needed to lay before them a full statement of his message to ensure it was neither jeopardized by opponents nor misunderstood as promoting legalism or antinomianism. He also aimed to reconcile God’s righteousness with the apparent rejection of Israel.The theological core of Romans establishes that all humanity is in a hopeless condition and "no one will be declared righteous" by observing the law. Righteousness is revealed as a gift from God, received solely through faith, completely unearned and "apart from the law." This justification is the acquittal of the guilty, achieved through Christ’s death as a sacrifice of atonement. Abraham serves as the supreme example, having been declared righteous because he "believed God."Justification is followed by vital practical implications. Believers, having "died to sin," are set free from the "law of sin and death" and empowered by the "law of the Spirit of life." This freedom is not a license to sin, but a change of master, leading to a life dedicated to righteousness. This theological base culminates in "Practical Christianity," urging believers to present themselves as a "living sacrifice," cease conforming to the world's pattern, and fulfill their ongoing moral responsibility, which is the "continuing debt to love one another."Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into Faithful and Just: Why Confession Works (1 John 1:9)The practice of Christian confession is the path appointed by God for believers to enjoy the forgiveness and cleansing secured by Christ. The literal meaning of confession is "saying the same thing" about our sins that God says about them, requiring immediate alignment with His verdict. This act is defined as hopeful honesty and moral candor before the Holy One, demanding specific identification of sins like envy, lust, or deceit, and rejecting denial, euphemisms, and vague generalities.Forgiveness rests entirely upon two unwavering foundations: the sufficiency and satisfaction of Jesus Christ and the constancy of God’s own character. Forgiveness is not earned by the believer’s sorrow or performance, but is secured by Christ’s full satisfaction on the cross, making it a verdict secured by His blood.The promise of pardon is anchored in God being faithful and just. His faithfulness ensures forgiveness is a covenant certainty, guaranteeing He honors His promise to remember sins no more. His justice ensures that pardon is a righteous verdict issuing from a satisfied law, as Christ paid the debt, and God cannot contradict divine righteousness by demanding payment twice.Confession leads to a "double cure": forgiveness, the legal remission of guilt (judicial "not guilty"), and cleansing, the removal of pollution and stain from all unrighteousness. Cleansing is the Spirit’s sanctifying work that renews the inner man and enables new obedience, guarding believers against both despair over sin’s depth and presumption about sin’s seriousness. By practicing this ongoing cadence of honesty, the believer steps out of concealment and into the light of a God who is utterly faithful and perfectly just.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730

Deep Dive into Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible by David Brown, A. R. Fausset, and Robert Jamieson - Psalm IntroductionThe book of Psalms, known in Hebrew as $Tehilim$, meaning “praises” or “hymns,” is fundamentally a collection of religious lyrics designed for sanctuary worship. The Greek title, $psalmoi$, used in the Septuagint, corresponds to the Hebrew word $mizmoi$. Both terms signify an ode or song accompanied by an instrument, particularly the harp. The collection of 150 Psalms is historically organized into five books, corresponding to the Five Books of Moses, though attempts to find critical value in this structure have been unsuccessful.The authorship of the Psalms anchors the book in the spiritual history of Israel, centered primarily on King David. David, who appointed 288 Levites for music, including Asaph and the sons of Korah, is the most prolific author and the only one named in the New Testament. Other authors include Moses (Psalm 90) and Solomon. The critical value of the titles or inscriptions is debated, as some writers point out that early Greek and Syriac translators disregarded, altered, or supplied them, sometimes leading to inconsistency with the Psalm’s subject matter.Theologically and experientially, the Psalms are foundational. They detail God’s nature, attributes, and the doctrines of the covenant of grace. Their devotional character is paramount, laying open the entire inner life of the pious, covering spiritual conflicts, griefs, faith, and joy. Crucially, the Psalms function as a vehicle for prophecy due to David’s role as the lineal ancestor and type of the Messiah. David’s language, inspired by the Spirit, describes suffering and triumph that ultimately find their full meaning in Christ’s incarnation, persecution, death, resurrection, and the establishment of His eternal kingdom. This inspired liturgy has served as a guide for prayer and praise across all Christian lands and creeds for nearly three thousand years.Reformed Theologian GPT: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-XXwzX1gnv-reformed-theologianhttps://buymeacoffee.com/edi2730