Yoga Research & Beyond

In this episode, Ariana and Jules discuss a qualitative review on teaching yoga to older adults, focusing on their experiences, needs, and effective instructional strategies. They explore the importance of community, the strengths and limitations of the study, and provide recommendations for yoga teachers. The conversation highlights the value of qualitative data in understanding the perspectives of seniors in yoga practice.   Takeaways: The paper focuses on empowering older adults through yoga. Qualitative research provides valuable insights into personal experiences. Participants in the study were aged 65 to 83. The study emphasized mind-body awareness in yoga practice. Functional improvements were noted, such as tying shoes and climbing stairs. Recommendations for yoga teachers included avoiding spiritual language. Community plays a crucial role in sustaining yoga practice. The study had limitations due to a small sample size. Qualitative research can be dense and theoretical compared to quantitative research. The authors emphasized the importance of reflective journaling in their methodology. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Yoga for Seniors 02:37 Qualitative Research in Yoga Instruction 05:46 Experiences of Older Adults in Yoga 08:07 Methodology and Participant Insights 10:53 Recommendations for Yoga Teachers 13:54 Community and Connection in Yoga 16:35 Strengths and Limitations of the Study 19:16 Conclusion and Reflections

In this episode, Ariana and Jules discuss a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effects of mind-body interventions, such as yoga, on neuroendocrine functions. They explore the interconnectedness of the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems, the methodology behind systematic reviews, and the implications of their findings on health and wellness. The conversation highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind these interventions, the challenges faced in cancer research, and the need for future studies to validate the long-term benefits of mind-body practices. Takeaways: Mind-body interventions can improve neuroendocrine functions. Systematic reviews compile data from multiple studies for better accuracy. The immune, nervous, and endocrine systems are interconnected. Cortisol is a key biomarker for measuring stress responses. Cancer shows resistance to mind-body interventions compared to other conditions. Future research should focus on long-term effects of interventions. Understanding the methodology of systematic reviews is crucial for interpreting results. Small to moderate effects were observed across studies. Research findings should be communicated carefully to avoid misconceptions. Tables and charts in systematic reviews provide valuable insights into individual studies. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction to Mind-Body Interventions 02:21 Understanding Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 05:24 The Interconnection of Immune, Nervous, and Endocrine Systems 07:58 Research Methodology and Findings 11:08 Effects on Biomarkers and Health Outcomes 13:52 Limitations and Future Research Directions 16:37 Conclusion and Practical Implications

In this episode, Ariana and Jules delve into the topic of athletic recovery, particularly focusing on the role of yoga and stretching. They discuss a recent study that compares the effects of yoga and static stretching on male athletes post-high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The conversation covers various recovery methods, the physiological markers measured in the study, and the implications of the findings. They also highlight the limitations of the research and the need for further studies, especially concerning female athletes. The episode emphasizes the importance of understanding recovery as an active process and encourages listeners to consider the nuances of research in this field. Takeaways Athletic recovery involves both physiological and psychological processes. Sleep is crucial for recovery and neurotransmitter replenishment. Active recovery methods include light movement, massage, and breath work. The study focused on heart rate, variability, respiratory rate, and blood pressure as recovery markers. Yoga and stretching both aid in recovery, but results showed no significant difference. Understanding the mechanisms behind recovery methods is essential for athletes. Research on recovery should include diverse populations, including female athletes. Statistical significance does not always equate to clinical significance. The study's small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings. Future research should explore long-term effects of recovery methods.   Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Athletic Recovery and Yoga 03:01 Understanding Athletic Recovery 05:48 Research Overview: Yoga vs. Static Stretching 09:06 Study Methodology and Participant Details 12:06 Results and Findings 14:58 Discussion on Implications and Limitations 17:54 Conclusions and Future Directions  

In this episode, Ariana and Jules discuss the effects of yoga on individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine. They review a study comparing yoga to traditional exercise, highlighting the methodology, results, and implications for practice. The conversation emphasizes the importance of understanding functional outcomes and the limitations of the study, while also advocating for more research in this area. Takeaways Yoga is a beneficial non-pharmacological intervention for AS. The study compared yoga to traditional exercise, showing similar results. Functional outcomes are subjective and depend on individual goals. The study had a small sample size and was not blinded. Yoga can help with pain management and functional capacity. Ankylosing spondylitis significantly impacts rib movement and breathing. Participants' adherence to the exercise program was uncertain. The results were not clinically significant despite improvements. More studies are needed to compare yoga with other forms of exercise. Yoga's appeal to tradition may overshadow its practical applications. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Yoga and Ankylosing Spondylitis 02:59 Study Overview and Methodology 05:47 Yoga vs. Traditional Exercise: A Comparative Analysis 08:55 Results and Findings of the Study 12:10 Functional Outcomes and Their Importance 14:49 Limitations and Challenges of the Study 18:04 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

This conversation explores the gender dynamics in yoga, focusing on why more women participate in yoga than men. The hosts discuss a research paper that examines the barriers and facilitators for male participation in yoga, highlighting the need for role models, encouragement, and the impact of societal gender norms. They also reflect on the importance of deconstructing these norms to create a more inclusive yoga community. Takeaways Yoga is often perceived as a feminine activity by men. Men require encouragement from friends and health professionals to try yoga. Self-consciousness and fear of judgment deter men from participating in yoga. The marketing of yoga tends to target women, which may discourage men. Men are surprised by the physical challenges of yoga classes. Encouragement and community support are crucial for male participation in yoga. Gender perceptions play a significant role in men's reluctance to practice yoga. Communicating the benefits of yoga to men is essential but not sufficient. Deconstructing patriarchal norms can help increase male participation in yoga. The presence of male yoga teachers can influence men's participation in yoga. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Gender Disparities in Yoga 06:12 Understanding Barriers for Men in Yoga 11:44 Encouragement and Gender Perceptions 17:12 The Role of Marketing and Community in Yoga 22:09 Conclusion and Limitations of the Study  

In this episode, Ariana and Jules discuss the concept of 'text neck' and its potential link to neck pain. They explore a recent scoping review that examines whether the position of the neck while using smartphones is a causative factor for neck pain, utilizing Hill's criteria of causation. The conversation delves into the nuances of correlation versus causation, the limitations of current research, and the biopsychosocial model of health, ultimately concluding that text neck does not meet the criteria for causing neck pain.   Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Text Neck and Neck Pain 02:55 Understanding the Research Paper 05:28 Exploring Hill's Criteria of Causation 09:32 Correlation vs. Causation in Neck Pain 11:07 Findings on Text Neck and Neck Pain13:29 Broader Factors Influencing Neck Pain 14:40 Limitations of the Study and Conclusion  

In this episode, Ariana and Jules get into the distinctions between randomized clinical trials (RCTs), feasibility studies, and pilot studies. They discuss the importance of understanding these methodologies in the context of yoga research and the common misconceptions surrounding them. The conversation highlights the role of preliminary studies in developing effective interventions and the significance of case studies in building evidence for future research. Additionally, they explore the concept of the null hypothesis and its implications in research design. Takeaways 🤩RCTs are designed to fully test a treatment or intervention. 🤩Feasibility studies assess the practicality of conducting a full RCT. 🤩Pilot studies serve as a 'dress rehearsal' for larger studies. 🤩Misunderstandings about research terminology are common among practitioners. 🤩Case studies can provide valuable insights for future research funding. 🤩Old research can still be relevant and informative. 🤩Understanding the null hypothesis is crucial for research integrity. 🤩Research literacy is essential for yoga teachers and practitioners. 🤩Preliminary studies help refine interventions before larger trials. 🤩Clear communication in research publications is vital to avoid misleading conclusions. Chapters 00:00 Understanding Research Methodologies 02:34 The Role of Feasibility and Pilot Studies 05:37 Misunderstandings in Research Terminology 08:22 The Importance of Case Studies 11:17 Exploring the Null Hypothesis  

In this episode, Ariana and Jules discuss a planned study on the efficacy of an online yoga intervention for cancer patients, specifically those with high-grade gliomas, and their caregivers. They explore the unique aspects of the study, including its design, the importance of trial registration, and the challenges faced in previous online yoga research. The conversation highlights the potential benefits of online yoga for improving overall well-being in this vulnerable population.   Takeaways 🌟The study focuses on high-grade glioma patients and their caregivers. 🌟Online yoga is a complementary treatment alongside traditional medical care. 🌟Trial registration ensures transparency in research methodologies. 🌟Self-reported outcomes and physiological measurements will be assessed. 🌟Caregivers often experience higher levels of anxiety and depression than patients. 🌟The study aims to alleviate distress through an eight-week yoga program. 🌟Online interventions can increase accessibility for patients with mobility issues. 🌟Previous studies faced challenges regarding safety and correct form in online yoga. 🌟The shift to online yoga due to COVID-19 may have positive implications for accessibility. 🌟Future research is needed to explore the efficacy of online yoga interventions. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to the Yoga Study for Cancer Patients 02:40 Study Design and Methodology 05:45 The Importance of Trial Registration 08:42 Unique Aspects of the Yoga Intervention 11:17 Challenges and Insights from Previous Studies 14:33 The Future of Online Yoga Research  

In this episode, Ariana and Jules discuss the significance of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in understanding patient experiences, particularly in the context of pain management. They delve into a specific study focused on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), exploring the methods used to validate and shorten these surveys for better usability. The conversation highlights the importance of reliability and validity in research, the limitations of the study, especially regarding gender representation, and the insights gained from the survey questions. The episode emphasizes the need for compassion and understanding in dealing with patients experiencing pain. Takeaways *PROMs are essential for clinicians to understand treatment plans. *The study aimed to shorten long surveys for better usability. *Reliability refers to the consistency of a test or survey. *Validity measures the accuracy of the survey results. *The biopsychosocial model is crucial in understanding pain. *Expert opinions were used to validate the survey questions. *The study had a significant male bias in its sample. *Pain experiences can differ significantly between genders. *Compassionate communication is key when dealing with pain. *Meta-science plays a vital role in developing effective surveys. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to PROMs and Their Importance 03:11 Understanding the Paper: Pain Catastrophizing and Kinesiophobia 06:09 The Process of Shortening Surveys 08:59 Reliability vs. Validity in Research 11:49 Limitations of the Study 14:57 Insights from the Survey Questions 17:47 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

In this episode, we discuss a randomized pilot trial on synchronized breathing for chronic nonspecific low back pain. We highlight key features of the study, such as the exercise program, the patient reported outcome measurements, and the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of adding synchronized breathing. We also discuss the importance of trial registration and transparency in research. Overall, the study showed positive results in reducing back pain with synchronized breathing, but further research is needed to validate these findings. Takeaways  *Synchronized breathing may be effective in reducing chronic nonspecific low back pain. *The study used a randomized pilot trial design to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of adding synchronized breathing to an exercise program.  *The exercise program included basic movements commonly found in yoga and Pilates.  *The study measured various patient reported outcome measurements, including pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, pain self-efficacy, and general anxiety. * Transparency in research, including trial registration and data sharing, is important for ensuring the validity and reproducibility of study findings.   Sections 00:00 Introduction and Background  05:33 Discussion on Exercise Selection and Mechanisms  11:15 Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy  15:37 Burden and Adherence  21:18 Importance of Pre-Registering Clinical Trials  23:42 Conclusion and Future   

In this insightful episode of the Yoga Research and Beyond podcast, hosts Jules Mitchell and Ariana Rabinovitch dive into the research paper, "Pain reduction, physical performance, and psychological status compared between Hatha yoga and stretching exercise to treat sedentary office workers with mild/moderate neck/shoulder pain: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial." Join as we explore: Details of the intervention and adherence rates What dropout rates are and what they mean for the study What's a non-inferiority trial? A discussion on the study providing p-values but not effect sizes This episode is perfect for yoga teachers aiming to boost their research literacy and for anyone interested in understanding the nuances of scientific studies related to yoga and exercise science. Enhance your knowledge and teaching practice with evidence-based insights!

Join hosts Jules Mitchell and Ariana Rabinovitch in this new episode of the Yoga Research and Beyond podcast as they discuss the research paper, "Not All Yoga Styles Are the Same: An International Survey on Characteristics of Yoga Classes." They explore: The various categories and styles of yoga classified in the paper The advantages and limitations of using surveys as a research method How subjective data can be measured effectively through operational definitions  Whether you're a yoga teacher looking to enhance your research literacy or deepen your understanding of yoga styles, this discussion is tailored for you. Gain valuable insights into the diverse world of yoga practices and learn how to critically evaluate research methods and findings. Tune in to empower your teaching with evidence-based knowledge!

In this episode, we dive deep into the methods of an observational study on the effects of Yin Yoga on anxiety.  We explored these key topics:  1. Understanding Anxiety: Anxiety is a psychological, physiological, and behavioral state triggered by perceived threats to emotional security and survival. 2. State Anxiety vs Trait Anxiety: Anxiety can be a temporary response to an event or it can be a reflection of one's personality. 3. COVID-19 Impact: The pandemic's significant influence on mental health, increasing anxiety disorders, and the challenges of remote work. 4. Yin Yoga as an Effective Non-Pharmacological Intervention: The role of physical and mental exercises, particularly yoga, in alleviating anxiety and enhancing well-being. 5. Research Findings: A brief look at the details of this study conducted in Latvia during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the effects of Yin yoga on state and trait anxiety among women.  Like, comment, and subscribe for more insightful reviews and discussions on yoga research!

Slow Breathing: Samavriti and Visamavriti Pranayama for Reducing Stress In our first podcast episode under the new format, we review the paper Slow breathing for reducing stress: The effect of extending exhale. Our main focus was the methods section. Here are some basics we covered: Randomization and blinding challenges in yoga research Slow breathing parameters for study inclusion/exclusion Participant screening for eligiblity Outcome measures Heart Rate Variability  (HRV) using ECG PROMIS Anxiety Score – self-reported Effect size versus p-value Intervention sources – Heart of Yoga by TKV Desikachar Conclusions yoga teachers can safely make

Welcome to the Yoga Research & Beyond Podcast! 🎧 Struggling with all the conflicting fitness advice? Ariana Raven and Jules Mitchell have got you covered! 🧘‍♀️📖 Join them as they break down the latest research on yoga and exercise, debunk myths, and teach you how to apply scientific findings to the way you teach yoga. Perfect for yoga teachers and fitness pros who want to ground their practice in science. Tune in for lively discussions, research insights, and a fun learning experience! 🌟

How often do your students ask for help with tight hamstrings? In this episode Jenn Pilotti and I discuss a study that compared 4 stretching techniques for greater hamstring flexibility. This study from the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research compared two active stretches and two passive stretches in 100 people over the course of 8 weeks. It's clear that one resulted in the greatest gains. We discuss the results here and in our Yoga Research and Beyond review.

How can Buteyko breathing help with asthma? Research shows 6-30% of asthma sufferers use breathing methods to alleviate their asthma symptoms in the UK.  Catherine and I discuss a paper from the Complementary Therapies in Medicine journal about Buteyko breathing and asthma. Buteyko breathing technique (BBT) is a method that is used in some practices to help with hyperventilation, and asthma. BBT trains people to slow their breath rate, eliminate mouth breathing (using a small strip of tape on the mouth), and use controlled breath pauses to increase CO2 levels. Russian physiologist, Konstantin Buteyko, created it in the 1950's after experimenting with a slower breathing rate on himself and his patients. He postulated that hyperventilation and mouth breathing create hypocapnia (low CO2), which causes hundreds of ailments, including bronchospasm. 

What are Ground Reaction Forces (GRFs) and why are they important? In biomechanics GRF is the force exerted from the ground onto the body when they make contact. It's basically Newton's 3rd law: for every action there is a reaction. Measuring these forces helps us understand how yoga poses impact bones and possibly bone mass.

Can virtual reality technology affect pain perception? Well, yeah. Catherine Cowey and I discuss a fun study about this co-authored by Lorimer Moseley in 2015 in the Psychological Science Journal. The researchers used VR technology to give subjects (with a history of neck pain) the illusion that they had moved their neck more or less than they actually had. As they hypothesized, this had an effect on their perception of pain.

Proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) is a pathology of the tendon with a combination of tissue damage, inflammation, and possibly pain at the proximal tendon where the hamstring attaches to the ischial tuberosity. PHT is very common among yoga practitioners as well as in other populations.  Jules Mitchell and I talk about our own experiences with hamstring injuries as well as a 2016 clinical commentary entitled Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy: Clinical Aspects of Assessment and Management from the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.