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Reframed Origins - Season One
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Reframed Origins - Season One

Author: Primnathis

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Reframed Origins takes us back to the fossils that improved our understanding of human evolution over the past 6 million years. Each episode focuses upon a fossil, how it was discovered, how human evolution was understood at the time and how it helped palaeoanthropologists to see our evolution in a different light. The series will also take on larger themes, such as dating techniques and species concepts. Famous and less well-known fossils will feature in this series. With the help of Nick, I will bring you the evidence that proves the fact of Evolution.

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Lamalunga 1Locality: Lamalunga Cave, Altamura, southern ItalyDescription: Currently in situ complete skeleton (to date, only the shoulder blade has been removed)Age: 170,000 - 130,000 years agoSpecies: Homo neanderthalensisAltamura 1 Site Altamura. Locality Grotta di Lamalunga. Surface/in situ In situ. Date of discoveryOctober 1993. Finders Members of Centro Altamurano Ricerche Speleologiche (C.A.R.S.), the local speleological society and Eligio Vacca of the University of Bari. Unit N/A. Horizon N/A. Bed/member N/A. Formation N/A. Group N/A. Nearest overlying dated horizon N/A. Nearest underlying dated horizon N/A. Geological age Estimated to be Middle Pleistocene. Developmental age Adult. Presumed sex? Male. Brief anatomical description Fairly complete skeleton covered with flowstone. Announcement Pesce Delfino and Vacca 1993.Initial description Pesce Delfino and Vacca 1993. Photographs/line drawings and metrical dataPesce Delfino and Vacca 1993, 1996, Vacca and Pesce Delfino 2004. Detailed anatomical description N/A. Initial taxonomic allocation Homo neanderthalensis. Taxonomic revisions N/A. Current conventional taxonomic allocation H. neanderthalensis. Informal taxonomic category Pre-modern Homo. Significance The skeleton purportedly exhibits a mix of Neanderthal and anatomically modern human characteristics, but it is difficult to be sure because its detailed morphology is obscured by a thick layer of flowstone. Location of original The skeleton is still in situ in Grotta di Lamalunga except for a portion of the scapula that has been removed forDNA analysis.► SOCIAL MEDIA AND LINKS!• Facebook Page - https://www.facebook.com/Primnathis• Blog: https://primnathis.com/• Podcasts:Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reframed-origins-season-one/id964666622?uo=4Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2iut8VsuMgIFCIiV46lcpwGoogle Podcasts: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM3Mjg4My9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkCastbox: https://castbox.fm/channel/id3551625Deezer: https://www.deezer.com/show/1570812Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/3053550Podchaser: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/reframed-origins-season-1-56770JioSaavn: https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/Reframed-Origins---Season-One/1/XajTsfEpIUE_Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/reframed-origins-our-evolution-refined
StS 5 (Sterkfontein Site 5)Locality: Sterkfontein, Blauwbank Valley, Gauteng, South AfricaFound: 18th of April 1947By: Robert Broom (Scottish Palaontologist) and John Robinson (Palaeoanthropologist)Description: Cranium with well worn teethAge: c. 2,000,000 years of ageSex: Female?References:1947 - Broom & Robinson - Further Remains of the Sterkfontein Ape-Man, Plesianthropus1954 - Robinson - The genera and species of the australopithecinae2013 - Villmoare et al - Continuous dental eruption identifies Sts 5 as the developmentally oldest fossil hominin and informs the taxonomy of Australopithecus africanus2011 - Wood - Encyclopedia of Human Evolution► SOCIAL MEDIA AND LINKS!• Facebook Page - https://www.facebook.com/Primnathis• Blog: https://primnathis.com/• Podcasts:Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reframed-origins-season-one/id964666622?uo=4Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2iut8VsuMgIFCIiV46lcpwGoogle Podcasts: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM3Mjg4My9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkCastbox: https://castbox.fm/channel/id3551625Deezer: https://www.deezer.com/show/1570812Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/3053550Podchaser: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/reframed-origins-season-1-56770JioSaavn: https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/Reframed-Origins---Season-One/1/XajTsfEpIUE_Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/reframed-origins-our-evolution-refined
NG 8503Date Found: March 1985Found By: Ngrejeng VillagerLocality: Near Ngrejeng Village, Indonesia Announced: 1994Fossil: Partial mandible (Right side), with M1 and M2. The latter had not yet erupted at time of death.Age: 1.02 - 1.51 million years of agePapers to check out:1994 - Aziz et al - Preliminary report on recentdiscoveries of fossil hominids from the Sangiran area, Java.2005 - Kaifu et al - Hominid mandibular remains from Sangiran (1952-1986) Collection2006 - Kaifu - Advanced dental reduction in Javanese Homo erectus2011 - Wood - Encyclopedia of Human Evolution► SOCIAL MEDIA AND LINKS!• Facebook Page - https://www.facebook.com/Primnathis• Blog: https://primnathis.com/• Podcasts:Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reframed-origins-season-one/id964666622?uo=4Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2iut8VsuMgIFCIiV46lcpwGoogle Podcasts: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM3Mjg4My9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkCastbox: https://castbox.fm/channel/id3551625Deezer: https://www.deezer.com/show/1570812Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/3053550Podchaser: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/reframed-origins-season-1-56770JioSaavn: https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/Reframed-Origins---Season-One/1/XajTsfEpIUE_Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/reframed-origins-our-evolution-refined
UW DNH 7 (University of Witwatersrand Drimolen 7)Found By A. Keyser and R. SmithDate Found: 21st of October 1994Age: 1.5 - 2 million years of ageSpecies: Paranthropus robustusSex: FemaleKey Scientific Paper:2000 - Keyser - The Drimolen skull: the most complete australopithecine cranium and mandible to dateWant to read further?2007 - Lockwood et al - Extended male growth in a fossil hominin species2011 - Wood - Encyclopedia of Human Evolution► SOCIAL MEDIA AND LINKS!• Facebook Page - https://www.facebook.com/Primnathis• Blog: https://primnathis.com/• Podcasts:Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reframed-origins-season-one/id964666622?uo=4Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2iut8VsuMgIFCIiV46lcpwGoogle Podcasts: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM3Mjg4My9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkCastbox: https://castbox.fm/channel/id3551625Deezer: https://www.deezer.com/show/1570812Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/3053550Podchaser: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/reframed-origins-season-1-56770JioSaavn: https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/Reframed-Origins---Season-One/1/XajTsfEpIUE_Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/reframed-origins-our-evolution-refined
KNM ER 992 (Kenya National Museum - East Rudolf 992)Comprised of: MandibleAge: 1.52 million years of ageStage of Growth: JuvenileReferences1975 - Mazak & Groves - An approach to the taxonomy of the Hominidae - Gracile Villafranchian Hominids of Africa1973 - Leakey & Wood - New evidence of the genus Homo from East Rudolf, Kenya2003 - White et al - Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia2011 - Wood - Encyclopedia of Human Evolution2013 - Spoor - Palaeoanthropology: Small-brained, big mouthed► SOCIAL MEDIA AND LINKS!• Facebook Page - https://www.facebook.com/Primnathis• Blog: https://primnathis.com/• Podcasts:Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reframed-origins-season-one/id964666622?uo=4Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2iut8VsuMgIFCIiV46lcpwGoogle Podcasts: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM3Mjg4My9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkCastbox: https://castbox.fm/channel/id3551625Deezer: https://www.deezer.com/show/1570812Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/3053550Podchaser: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/reframed-origins-season-1-56770JioSaavn: https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/Reframed-Origins---Season-One/1/XajTsfEpIUE_Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/reframed-origins-our-evolution-refined
OH 7 (Olduvai Hominin 7)Date found: Autumn 1960Found by: Jonathan Leakey and Fideles MasaoAge: 1.54 MaComprising: Skull fragments, Mandible and Hand BonesAssigned to: Homo habilis References1960 - Leakey - Recent discoveries at Oludvai Gorge1961 - Leakey - New finds at Olduvai Gorge1964 - Leakey et al - A new species of the genus homo from Olduvai Gorge1979 - Functional and morphological affinities of the subadult hand (OH 7) from Olduvai Gorge2011 - Wood - Encyclopedia of Human Evolution2015 - Spoor et al - Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo► SOCIAL MEDIA AND LINKS!• Facebook Page - https://www.facebook.com/Primnathis• Blog: https://primnathis.com/• Podcasts:Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reframed-origins-season-one/id964666622?uo=4Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2iut8VsuMgIFCIiV46lcpwGoogle Podcasts: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM3Mjg4My9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkCastbox: https://castbox.fm/channel/id3551625Deezer: https://www.deezer.com/show/1570812Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/3053550Podchaser: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/reframed-origins-season-1-56770JioSaavn: https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/Reframed-Origins---Season-One/1/XajTsfEpIUE_Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/reframed-origins-our-evolution-refined
F1 (Feldhofer 1, also known as Neandertal 1) - Homo neanderthalensis Age: 40,000 years Locality: Kleine Feldhofer GrotteReferences:1864 - King - The reputed fossil man of the Neanderthal.1997 - Krings et al - Neandertal DNA sequences and the Origin of Modern Humans1999 - Krings et al - DNA sequences of the mitochondrial hypervariable region II from the Neandertal type specimen2011 - Wood - Encyclopedia of Human Evolution► SOCIAL MEDIA AND LINKS!• Facebook Page - https://www.facebook.com/Primnathis• Blog: https://primnathis.com/• Podcasts:Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reframed-origins-season-one/id964666622?uo=4Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2iut8VsuMgIFCIiV46lcpwGoogle Podcasts: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM3Mjg4My9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkCastbox: https://castbox.fm/channel/id3551625Deezer: https://www.deezer.com/show/1570812Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/3053550Podchaser: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/reframed-origins-season-1-56770JioSaavn: https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/Reframed-Origins---Season-One/1/XajTsfEpIUE_Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/reframed-origins-our-evolution-refined
KMH 2 (Kebara Mousterian Hominin 2)Species: Homo neanderthalensisDate: 64 - 59 thousand years oldLocality: Me’arat Kebbara or Mugharat al-Kebara (The Great Cave)Year of discovery: 1983Excavated by: Baruch Arensburg, Bernard Vandermeersch and Ofer Bar-YosefSex: MaleAge: 25 - 35_________________________________________________________References1989 - Arensburg et al - A Middle Palaeolithic human hyoid bone: https://www.academia.edu/697738/A_Middle_Palaeolithic_human_hyoid_bone1992 - Bar-Yosef - The Excavations at Kebara Cave: http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/12211561/2743915.pdf?sequence=21994 - Trinkaus et al - Postcranial robusticity in Homo. II: Humeral bilateral asymmetry and bone plasticity: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.1330930102/abstract1998 – Kay et al - The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal behavior: http://www.pnas.org/content/95/9/5417.full.pdf2004 – Lewin & Foley (eds) - Principles of Human Evolution: http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0632047046.html 2005 - Lev et al - Mousterian vegetal food in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03054403040016942011 - Wood - The Encyclopaedia of Human Evolution: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Cambridge-Encyclopedia-Human-Evolution-Reference/dp/05214678612014 - Hawks - Kebara hyoid still speaking: http://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/neandertals/kebara-hyoid-microstructure-2014.html► SOCIAL MEDIA AND LINKS!• Facebook Page - https://www.facebook.com/Primnathis• Blog: https://primnathis.com/• Podcasts:Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reframed-origins-season-one/id964666622?uo=4Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2iut8VsuMgIFCIiV46lcpwGoogle Podcasts: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM3Mjg4My9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkCastbox: https://castbox.fm/channel/id3551625Deezer: https://www.deezer.com/show/1570812Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/3053550Podchaser: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/reframed-origins-season-1-56770JioSaavn: https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/Reframed-Origins---Season-One/1/XajTsfEpIUE_Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/reframed-origins-our-evolution-refined
KT12Found: January 1995By: French and Chadian Team of PalaeontologistsLocality: Bahr El Ghazal, Koro Toro, northern ChadComprising: A distorted cranium and third premolarLived: 3 - 3.5 million years Species Attribution: Australopithecus bahrelghazaliAlternative Attribution: Australopithecus afarensisDiet: Predominantly C4 Plants (Sedges, Grasses)Characteristics that set it apart from Au. afarensis: Thicker enamel than Ardipithecus ramidus and gracile symphysis.----------------------------------------------------------Scientific Papers:1996 - Michel et al - Australopithecus bahrelghazali, une nouvelle espèce d'Hominidé ancien de la région de Koro Toro (Tchad) (Australopithecus bahrelghazali, a new species of early hominid from Koro Toro region, Chad)http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=30827262008 - Lebatard et al - Cosmogenic nuclide dating of Sahelanthropus tchadensis and Australopithecus bahrelghazali: Mio-Pliocene hominids from Chadhttp://www.pnas.org/content/105/9/3226.full.pdf+html2008 - Beauvilain - The contexts of discovery of Australopithecus bahrelghazali (Abel)and of Sahelanthropus tchadensis(Toumaï): unearthed, embedded in sandstone, or surface collected?http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/sajs/v104n5-6/a0310406.pdf2013 - Wynn et al - Diet of Australopithecus afarensis from the Pliocene Hadar Formation, Ethiopiahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3696813/► SOCIAL MEDIA AND LINKS!• Facebook Page - https://www.facebook.com/Primnathis• Blog: https://primnathis.com/• Podcasts:Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reframed-origins-season-one/id964666622?uo=4Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2iut8VsuMgIFCIiV46lcpwGoogle Podcasts: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM3Mjg4My9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkCastbox: https://castbox.fm/channel/id3551625Deezer: https://www.deezer.com/show/1570812Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/3053550Podchaser: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/reframed-origins-season-1-56770JioSaavn: https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/Reframed-Origins---Season-One/1/XajTsfEpIUE_Spreaker: https://www.spreaker.com/show/reframed-origins-our-evolution-refined
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