The research for two upcoming projects recently had me wondering about sex biased dispersal and female autonomy in Neanderthals. Fully understanding the answer requires putting Neanderthal behavior in context with that of both modern humans and other mammals. That was what I attempted to do here.

References

General

Prugnolle & Meeus – 2002 - Inferring sex-biased dispersal from population genetic tools: a review.

Secretarybirds

Whitecross et al. – 2019 – Dispersal dynamics of juvenile Secretarybirds Sagittarius serpentarius in southern Africa.

Elephants

Roca et al. – 2014 – Elephant natural history: a genomic perspective.

Grey Wolves

Mech – 2020 - Unexplained patterns of grey wolf Canis lupus natal dispersal.

Asian Black Bears

Takayama et al. – 2023 - Timing and distance of natal dispersal in Asian black

bears.

Owl Monkeys

Duque – 2009 - Natal Dispersal in Monogamous Owl Monkeys (Aotus azarai) of the Argentinean Chaco.

Black Crested Gibbon

Guan et al. – 2018 - Dispersal and female philopatry in a long-term, stable, polygynous gibbon population: Evidence from 16 years field observation and genetics.

White-handed Gibbons

Matsudaira et al. – 2018 - Short dispersal distance of males in a wild white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) population.

Orangutans

Buckley – 2014 – Male orangutan dispersal and ranging: implications for mating system mechanics.

Western Lowland Gorillas

Manguette et al. – 2020 – Female dispersal patterns influenced by male tenure duration and group size in western lowland gorillas.

Chimpanzees

McCarthy et al. – 2018 – Genetic analysis suggests dispersal among chimpanzees in a fragmented forest landscape in Uganda.

Rhianna Drummond-Clarke – 2023 – Issa Chimpanzees: Times are changing

Bonobos

Claramunt – 2021 – Flight efficiency explains differences in natal dispersal distances in birds.

Toda et al. – 2022 - Do female bonobos (Pan paniscus) disperse at the onset of puberty? Hormonal and behavioral changes related to their dispersal timing.

Homo sapiens

Lee – 1972 – !kung Spatial Organization: An Ecological and Historical Perspective.

Neanderthals

Hajdinjak et al. - 2018 - Reconstructing the genetic history of late Neanderthals.

Mafessoni et al. - 2020 - A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave.

Meyer et al. - 2016 -Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins.

Skove et al. - 2022 - Genetic insights into the social organization of Neanderthals.

Slon et al. - 2018 - The genome of the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father.

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