We use the recent cease-fire between Afghanistan and Pakistan as an opportunity to explore how Afghanistan has changed in the four years since the U.S. withdrawal. They discuss the Taliban’s evolving role as a governing force, shifting regional power dynamics, and the complex relationship between Kabul and Islamabad.

The conversation also highlights a surprising development — tourism in Afghanistan has been quietly but steadily increasing, nearly doubling each year since the withdrawal, reflecting both changing perceptions and the country’s efforts to re-engage with the outside world.

Drawing inspiration from the International Crisis Group’s detailed coverage of South Asia, Robert and Ruairí provide context, insight, and a critical look at Afghanistan’s uncertain but fascinating path forward.

For further reading, visit the International Crisis Group’s Afghanistan page:
👉 https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia-pacific/south-asia/afghanistan

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