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In our Translating Proteomics episode titled "Harnessing Proteoforms to Understand Life's Complexity", Parag and Andreas discussed why proteoforms are important in a theoretical sense. In this episode, Parag sits down with Northwestern University Professor and proteoform pioneer, Neil Kelleher to dive deep into the biology of proteoforms. They cover:

• What proteoforms are
• Examples of the importance of proteoforms
• The scale of and technological advances needed to meet the challenges of proteoform biology.

Some examples of the power of proteoforms covered in this episode

• Recent work from Neil's lab showing blood proteoforms can help predict liver transplant success (Melani et al. 2022).
• Work form Ying Ge's lab showing changes in troponin proteoforms correlate with varying degrees of heart disease (Zhang et al. 2011).
• The BioTyper - a mass spectrometry-based device that can identify different kinds of microbes.

Additional proteoform resources

• The Human Proteoform Atlas webpage
• Publication describing The Human Proteoform Atlas (Hollas et al. 2022)
• Publication discussing how many human proteoforms there are (Aebersold et al. 2018)
• Animation - Proteoform Analysis on the Nautilus Proteome Analysis Platform