The sources analyze the overwhelming global dominance of China within the battery technology sector, noting its control over 70–90% of critical mineral refinement and manufacturing, which results in costs 25–30% lower than international competitors. In response, the United States is attempting to bridge this gap through significant investments exceeding $100 billion aimed at establishing domestic gigafactories and pioneering next-generation chemistries like silicon and advanced recycling. Despite focusing on R&D and energy autonomy, the US remains reliant on Asian suppliers for key intermediate components in the supply chain. The situation is more challenging for Europe, which faces a 7–10 year technological deficit, high production costs, and a fragile reliance on Chinese imports, even when focusing on niche sodium-ion technology. Ultimately, the analysis highlights that while China excels in scale and low-cost production, Europe must accelerate its investments significantly, possibly mobilizing €100 billion for new facilities, to address the substantial dependency and technological disparity.If you find this podcast useful, you can support it here: https://buymeacoffee.com/emotorselectricrevolution. And don’t forget to follow so you don’t miss the next episode