Artificial intelligence is often celebrated for its breakthroughs in science, business, and daily life, but what about its hidden environmental cost? In this episode, we take a closer look at a new research paper from Google titled Measuring the Environmental Impact of Delivering AI at Google Scale. While training large models has long been seen as the main driver of energy use, the surge in everyday AI adoption means the real focus now is on inference, the act of generating responses to billions of user prompts worldwide.

Listeners will discover how Google developed a comprehensive method for tracking not only energy use but also emissions and water consumption across its AI infrastructure. The episode explores surprising findings such as how a single Gemini text prompt consumes just 0.24 watt-hours of energy and only 0.26 milliliters of water, far lower than many previous public estimates. We also highlight the difference between narrow measurements and Google’s full-system approach, as well as the efficiency gains that led to a 33 times reduction in energy and a 44 times reduction in emissions within a year.

This conversation matters because AI is no longer a niche technology, it is a daily tool for millions of people. Understanding its environmental footprint helps industry leaders, policymakers, and users see both the progress being made and the challenges that remain. By unpacking the details of Google’s study, we reveal why transparent measurement is essential if AI is to scale responsibly while minimizing impact on energy systems, climate, and water resources.