Welcome back, Witches! 🔮 This week, we’re diving deeper into the shadows of ancient civilizations. In part two of our Sabbats of Ancient Civilizations series, we're uncovering the mysteries of Lemuria—a festival honoring restless spirits—and confronting the chilling rites of Carthaginian child sacrifice. We’re exploring how ancient peoples honored their dead, navigated grief, and sought favor from the gods through rituals both beautiful and brutal. So get in loser, grab your tea, light a candle for protection, and step into the ancient past with us. 🕯️🌑

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References:

1. City of Oxford (2014). Ancient Carthaginians really did sacrifice their children. City of Oxford. https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2014-01-23-ancient-carthaginians-really-did-sacrifice-their-children
2. Daily History.Org (n.d.). Did the Carthaginians Really Practice Human Child Sacrifice. Daily History.Org. https://www.dailyhistory.org/Did_the_Carthaginians_Really_Practice_Human_Child_Sacrifice
3. DHWTY (2019). Gods of Carthage and the Punic Power House of Baal Hammon and Tanit. Ancient Origins. https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/baal-hammon-and-tanit-0012136
4. History Skills (n.d.). The Truth About Child Sacrifice in Ancient Carthage. History Skills. https://www.historyskills.com/classroom/ancient-history/carthage-child-sacrifice/
5. Robin Ngo (2020). Did the Carthaginians Really Practice Infant Sacrifice? Biblical Archaeology Society. https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/did-the-carthaginians-really-practice-infant-sacrifice/
6. Maev Kennedy (2014). Carthaginians Sacrificed Own Children, Archaeologists Say. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/jan/21/carthaginians-sacrificed-own-children-study
7. Laurentine, Camilla. The Lemuria: Folk Magic and Ghosts in Ancient Rome. (2015). Witches & Pagans. https://witchesandpagans.com/pagan-culture-blogs/do-ut-des/the-lemuria.html
8. Huang, Zoe and Avery Benbow. Lemuria: The Ancient Roman Halloween. The Mary Word.  https://www.themaryword.com/post/lemuria-the-ancient-roman-halloween
9. Silver, Carly. Lemuria the Ancient Roman Day of the Dead. (2018). https://www.thoughtco.com/lemuria-ancient-roman-day-of-dead-117915