What do we mean by Darwinism? Professor Evelyn Fox Keller (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, USA). Summary: The neo-Darwinian synthesis brought great simplicity to Darwin's ideas, but at a cost. Today, new scientific developments require a re-conceptualization of Darwinism that may be of particular importance to the social sciences: evolution is not just about DNA; it also depends crucially on heritable changes that occur without a change in DNA sequence, behavioural and symbolic inheritance.