1.North Korea's state media reported Tuesday that the treaty on "comprehensive strategic partnership" between North Korea and Russia was ratified the previous day as a decree by North Korea's leader Kim Jong-un.

2.National Security Adviser Shin Won-sik said Tuesday South Korea is no longer a "one-sided beneficiary" of the bilateral alliance with the United States, vowing to work with the incoming U.S. administration for the denuclearization of North Korea.

3.The United Nations annual climate summit, COP29, began on Monday in Azerbaijan's capital Baku amid the re-election of Donald Trump as United States president, who has expressed his intention to walk out of the landmark Paris Agreement for the second time.