Cyberspace is increasingly used for war related purposes. But does international humanitarian law apply to cyber operations? In the season�s 2 last episode, Paola Gaeta and Ana Srovin Coralli host a very special guest � Antonio Coco, a Lecturer in International Law at the Essex University and an alumnus of the Geneva Academy � and an usual co-host of this podcast. They discuss inter alia which kind of cyber operations may be carried out in war, when a cyberattack can amount to an armed attack against a state, and whether there is a need for new rules which would be better placed to address the realities and challenges brought about by attacks in cyberspace.

Links
- Essex Award for Outstanding Early Career Researcher: Antonio Coco discussed his work https://vimeo.com/830392101
- The Oxford Process on International Law Protections in Cyberspace https://www.elac.ox.ac.uk/the-oxford-process/
- United Nations Open-ended Working Group I https://disarmament.unoda.org/open-ended-working-group/
- United Nations Open-ended Working Group II https://meetings.unoda.org/meeting/57871/documents
- The Digitalization and Armed Conflict: a research project of the Geneva Academy https://www.geneva-academy.ch/research/our-clusters/digitalization-and-new-technologies/detail/78-the-digitalization-of-armed-conflict
- Societal Risks and Potential Humanitarian Impact of Cyber Operations https://www.geneva-academy.ch/joomlatools-files/docman-files/working-papers/Societal%20Risks%20and%20Potential.pdf
- Protecting Societies: Anchoring a New Protection Dimension in International Law in Times of Increased Cyber Threats https://www.geneva-academy.ch/joomlatools-files/docman-files/working-papers/Protecting%20Societies%20-%20Anchori.pdf
- The Future Digital Battlefield and Challenges for Humanitarian Protection: A Primer https://www.geneva-academy.ch/joomlatools-files/docman-files/working-papers/The%20Future%20Digital%20Battlefield%20.pdf

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Credits for the production go to Margherita Capacci, Nathalie Mivelaz Tirabosco and Antonio Coco.