I’m joined by philosophers Eric Reitan and Adam Pelser to discuss the problem of heavenly grief for non-universalist views. Buckle up for one hell of a discussion! Like the show? Help it grow! Consider becoming a patron (thanks!): https://www.patreon.com/majestyofreason If you wanna make a one-time donation or tip (thanks!): https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/josephcschmid OUTLINE0:00 Intro and outline2:31 Universalism, traditionalism, annihilationism5:07 Problem of heavenly grief14:21 Craig’s solution: shielded awareness26:30 Impassibility solution34:18 Rooney’s solution37:06 Aquinas’ solution38:40 Lewis’ solutions43:51 Adam’s favored solution1:16:42 ConclusionRESOURCES(1) Eric's NEW book, "Troubled Paradise: Limited Salvation and the Problem of Heavenly Grief": https://www.amazon.com/Troubled-Paradise-Limited-Salvation-Heavenly/dp/1666765341(2) Eric’s PhilPeople profile (with lots of his papers): https://philpeople.org/profiles/eric-reitan(3) Eric’s book, “God’s Final Victory: A Comparative Philosophical Case for Universalism”, https://www.amazon.com/Gods-Final-Victory-Philosophical-Universalism/dp/1623568498/(4) Adam's website: https://www.adampelser.com/(5) Adam's paper, "Heavenly Sadness: On the Value of Negative Emotions in Paradise": https://www.academia.edu/28887253/Heavenly_Sadness_On_the_Value_of_Negative_Emotions_in_Paradise(6) Rasmussen and Reitan on universalism and hell: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxQyKw04Ncg(7) Eric’s article on hard-heartedness and hell: https://drive.google.com/file/d/13f1VxRZ1YCB_wo0iOd5YKSo-f2bkWX4g/view?usp=sharing OTHER RESOURCES ON UNIVERSALISMTalbott’s “Inescapable Love of God”, https://www.amazon.com/Inescapable-Love-God-Second/dp/1625646909Parry and MacDonald’s “The Evangelical Universalist”, https://www.amazon.com/Evangelical-Universalist-Gregory-MacDonald/dp/149821553XRasmussen, “Could Everyone Eventually Be Saved?”, http://www.invadinghell.com/articles/could-all-be-saved.pdfRasmussen, “When Heaven Invades Hell”, https://www.amazon.com/When-Heaven-Invades-Joshua-Rasmussen/dp/1732383405Hartman’s article in Religious Studies, “​Free will and the moral vice explanation for hell’s finality”, https://philarchive.org/archive/HARFWA-5Keith DeRose, “Universalism and the Bible”, https://campuspress.yale.edu/keithderose/1129-2/Here are some resources on the dim prospects of offering theodicies without universalism:(a) Adams, Marilyn McCord (1993). “The Problem of Hell: A Problem of Evil for Christians,” in Reasoned Faith, ed. Eleonore Stump (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press), 301–27.(b) Adams, Marilyn McCord (1999). Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).(c) Buckareff, Andrei A. and Allen Plug (2013). “Hell and the Problem of Evil,” in The Blackwell Companion to the Problem of Evil, ed. Justin McBrayer and Daniel Howard-Snyder (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell), 128–43.(d) Collins, Robin (2013). “The Connection-Building Theodicy,” in The Blackwell Companion to the Problem of Evil, 222–35.(e) Hick, John (2010). Evil and the God of Love (Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan).THE USUAL...My PhilPapers Profile: https://philpeople.org/profiles/joseph-schmidMy website: https://www.josephschmid.com/Majesty of Reason PODCAST: https://open.spotify.com/show/4Nda5uNcGselvKphtKSKvH