Is treated sewage worse for the environment than raw?
1Digest
This episode of BBC Inside Science delves into the issue of treated sewage pollution, revealing that it can be just as harmful to the environment as raw sewage. Experts discuss the presence of nutrients and chemicals in treated sewage, highlighting the need for stricter regulations and alternative solutions like wetland systems. The episode then shifts to the Eurovision Song Contest, exploring the science behind what makes a winning song. Professor Harry Witchell, a music expert, explains the role of territory, sophistication, and memorable elements in creating a hit song, analyzing the potential winning songs of the year based on these criteria.
Outlines
Treated Sewage Pollution
This Chapter discusses the surprising impact of treated sewage on the environment, highlighting that it can be just as harmful as raw sewage. Experts explain that treated sewage often contains elevated levels of nutrients and chemicals that can cause algal blooms, dead zones, and potential human health risks. The chapter explores the lack of consistent treatment standards across the UK and the need for stricter regulations and alternative solutions like wetland systems.
The Science of Eurovision
This Chapter delves into the science behind what makes a winning Eurovision song. Professor Harry Witchell, a music expert, explains the role of territory, sophistication, and memorable elements in creating a hit song. He analyzes the potential winning songs of the year based on these criteria, highlighting the importance of familiarity, novelty, and a strong chorus in capturing the audience's attention.
Keywords
Treated Sewage
Treated sewage refers to wastewater that has undergone a process of purification to remove harmful contaminants. However, this episode highlights that treated sewage can still contain significant levels of nutrients and chemicals that can negatively impact the environment.
Algal Blooms
Algal blooms are rapid increases in the population of algae in a body of water. They are often caused by excessive nutrient levels, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which can be present in treated sewage. Algal blooms can deplete oxygen levels, creating dead zones that harm aquatic life.
Wetland Systems
Wetland systems are natural or artificial areas that are saturated with water for at least part of the year. They are effective at filtering pollutants and nutrients from wastewater, providing a natural solution to sewage pollution. Wetlands also offer valuable habitat for wildlife.
Eurovision Song Contest
The Eurovision Song Contest is an annual international song competition held by the European Broadcasting Union. It is known for its diverse musical styles, elaborate performances, and voting system, which involves viewers from participating countries.
Territory (Music)
In music, territory refers to the emotional or cultural feeling associated with a particular genre or style. It creates a sense of connection and empowerment for listeners who identify with that territory. For example, a heavy metal fan might feel connected to a metal band performing on stage.
Sophistication (Music)
Sophistication in music refers to a song's ability to deviate from familiar musical rules while still maintaining a sense of recognizability. It involves a balance between the familiar and the novel, creating a sense of surprise and intrigue for the listener.
Chorus (Music)
A chorus is a recurring section in a song that typically features a catchy melody and lyrics. It often marks a shift in dynamics, going from a quieter verse to a more powerful and memorable chorus. A strong chorus is essential for a winning Eurovision song.
Q&A
What are the main concerns about treated sewage pollution?
Treated sewage can still contain high levels of nutrients and chemicals that can cause algal blooms, dead zones, and potential human health risks. These pollutants can harm aquatic life and potentially affect human health through exposure to chemicals.
What are some alternative solutions to traditional sewage treatment?
Wetland systems are a natural and effective way to filter pollutants and nutrients from wastewater. They provide a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach compared to chemical treatment methods.
What are some key elements that contribute to a winning Eurovision song?
A winning Eurovision song typically features a combination of territory, sophistication, and memorable elements. It should appeal to a diverse international audience, strike a balance between familiarity and novelty, and have a strong chorus that captures the listener's attention.
How does the concept of territory play a role in Eurovision?
Territory refers to the emotional or cultural feeling associated with a particular genre or style. A winning Eurovision song needs to appeal to a wide range of territories, considering the diverse musical tastes of the participating countries.
What is the significance of sophistication in a Eurovision song?
Sophistication involves a balance between the familiar and the novel. A song that deviates from familiar musical rules while still maintaining recognizability can create a sense of surprise and intrigue, making it more memorable and appealing to the audience.
Show Notes
There has been increasing public outrage at raw sewage discharges into our rivers and seas, but new research at Lake Windermere suggests that treated sewage is as much to blame. Wastewater experts Simon Evans and Ali Morse get into the nitty gritty of sewage treatment and why it might be causing so many problems.
Last week, the Sumatran orangutan Rakus made headlines when he was spotted by researchers treating a wound with a medicinal plant. A first for a wild animal. But he’s not the only animal to show self-medicating behaviour. Biologist and author of Wild Health, Cindy Engel, talks healing in the wild and what we can learn from the animals that do it.
And it’s that time of year again: the Eurovision Song Contest. In fact, this year marks the 50th Anniversary since ABBA won the 1974 contest with the iconic track Waterloo. Psychology and behavioural researcher Harry Witchel tells us what gives songs at Eurovision a winning edge and tries to predict a winner based on his criteria.
Presenter: Marnie Chesterton
Producers: Hannah Robins, Ella Hubber, Sophie Ormiston
Researcher: Caitlin Kennedy
Editor: Martin Smith
Production Co-ordinator: Jana Bennett-Holesworth
Table of contents
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