In the current contracting economy, the pressure to achieve better cost savings is higher than ever. In the fourth edition of The Lean Toolbox Dr Matthias Holweg and his co-author John Bicheno provide a no nonsense, no waffle explanation of the dynamic evolution of lean from its roots in manufacturing to its adaptation to product development, service and even healthcare operations. Dr Holweg explains why lean, and its ability to improve the customer value proposition, can be also provide a longer term cost benefit to any organisation.