The best way to learn any new language is to establish a five‑part loop:

1. Set a micro‑goal (e.g. “hold a 3‑minute café chat in 30 days”).


2. Develop familiarity with the sounds & script before any of the other steps


3. Build a core vocabulary by memorizing your first 50 mission‑critical words using the Memory Palace technique.


4. Practice the “Big 5” skills of language learning daily:
   
   
   
   • Memorize new words and phrases
   
   
   • Speak
   
   
   • Read
   
   
   • Write
   
   
   • Listen
   
   
   
   


5. Get feedback and reiterate weekly to test your progress and get corrections from at least one native speaker.

Stick to this loop for 15 minutes × 3 sessions a day and you can hit A2 in approximately 90 days.

That’s exactly what I did to pass A2 when I lived in Germany.

I did it again to pass level III in Mandarin in an even shorter period of time.

Of course, there’s a bit  more nuance to each of these steps.

And that’s what I’m going to share with you on this page

We’ll go through each step in detail and you’ll learn fourteen additional best practices used by the world’s most accomplished language learners.

Ready?

Let’s dive in!

How To Learn A Language in 5 Steps

Step One: Set a Micro Goal

Having taught people how to improve their memory so they can learn languages faster, I’ve noted one major trend.

Many people make language learning hard on themselves by having an “all or nothing” attitude.

In reality, languages are learned with much greater ease by using what scientists call chunking.

This term means that you break a learning task down into the smallest possible unit.

Many people start by learning how to say hello, please and thank you in their target language.

Once you complete that simple goal, you set another goal. Or as I sometimes prefer to think of them, “missions.”

How to Set Language Learning Goals You’ll Love Completing

When I first started learning German seriously, my classes at the Hartnackschule in Berlin provided these small missions.

Later, I had to provide my own language learning missions.

To do this, I asked one simple question:

“What do I want to be able to speak about next?”

My choices will differ from yours.

But to give you some examples, I played in a band at the time. So I chose music-related topics to help fashion my goals.

I also taught Film Studies at the University of Saarland, so regularly memorized words and phrases related to this industry.

Finally, I love asking philosophical questions, so I learned how to ask them in German.

A2 was passed quite easily. That’s because the courses I took told me what I needed to learn.

But it was crafting my own missions that got me fluent. Because I spent time working out what I wanted to talk about.

And now you know how to create your own goals and missions too.

Step Two: Develop Familiarity with the Sounds and Script of the Language

Before diving into memorizing words or grammar rules, it’s helpful to get comfortable with how the language looks and sounds.

For example, I took a phonology course for that when I first started learning German. Likewise with Mandarin further down the road.

It’s also useful to learn the International Phonetic Alphabet. This set of symbols will help you with pronunciation, which is essential to being understood.

It’s also important to immerse yourself in the rhythms of the language. You can easily do this by:

• Watching YouTube videos


• Enjoying popular movies in the language


• Listening to audiobooks

Even if you don’t understand much yet, this passive exposure will help your brain attune to the phonic features of the language.

Learning Writing Systems

Depending on the language, you may need to learn an entirely new writing system.

I had to do that with Mandarin by learning the hanzi.

For Japanese, I also had to spend time using memory techniques for the hiragana, amongst other character sets.

Each alphabet will propose different levels of challenge depending on your experience.

If you have any concerns, especially if you have limited time, it’s worth considering my article on the easiest languages to learn.

You don’t want to rush, and some languages simply require more from your brain’s ability to associate sight and sound.

The point is that you will want to develop this kind of sensory familiarity between sound and sight to reduce mental friction later.

Your brain will stop having to ask, “What is the sound of this symbol?”

As a result, you’ll be free to focus on memorizing more vocabulary and phrases without interruption while studying.

Step Three: Build a Core Vocabulary

Once you’re familiar with the sounds and script of your language, it’s time to start building your vocabulary.

You’ll want to start small based on the goal-setting process and chunking we discussed above.

There’s lots of advice people give about organizing vocabulary by category and using word frequency lists, but I stick personally to the missions to work out what words I need to focus on.

That’s because taking classes and learning with native speakers does a lot of the organizing.

Using Memory Techniques for Language Learning

Given that you know how to create goals, let’s talk about getting your first round of vocabulary into your long-term memory.

Learning to use memory techniques for language learning well is one of the best ways to rapidly accelerate your practice. Mnemonics help because:

• The Memory Palace technique allows you to rapidly scale the number of words and phrases you can remember


• Effective association through multi-sensory visualization makes words and meanings incredibly “sticky”


• Using the method of loci mentally replicates spaced repetition software without sacrificing the benefits of active recall

In fact, the memory techniques optimize how you practice recalling information in a way that strengthens your memory overall. 

Step Four: Practice the Big Five of Language Learning

In order to create momentum and progress, it’s important to balance multiple levels of processing everything involved in learning and using your chosen language.

To do that, you’ll want to learn the major “meta learning” skills that make achieving fluency possible.

These activities can be broken down into what I like to call The Big 5 Of Language Learning. I’ve illustrated them for you with this diagram:

These five elements are based on a scientific principle called the “levels of processing”

How do I know they are valid?

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