Today, you’ll learn about how moms helped us evolve to live longer, the jumping leeches of Madagascar, and how cities affect bird diversity.  

Maternal Bonds 

• “Mothers’ care is central factor in animal, human longevity.” by Caitlin Hayes. 2024.  
• “Why Humans Live So Long.” by Heather Pringle. 2013.  
• “Maternal care leads to the evolution of long, slow lives.” by Matthew N. Zipple, et al. 2024.  

Jumping Leeches 

• “A jumping terrestrial leech from Madagascar.” by Mai Fahmy & Michael Tessler. 2024.  
• “New leech-like device to suck blood for sampling instead of needling.” by Shubhangi Dua. 2024.  
• “100-year-old mystery solved as first jumping leech found in Madagascar.” People Movers. 2024.  

Urban Birds 

• “Dense city centers support less evolutionary unique bird communities than sparser urban areas.” by Federico Morelli, et al. 2024.  
• “2.5 The Impact Of Urban Greenspace On Bird Populations.” by Kristin J. Harpster. N.d.  

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