The Fika Crew invited (and she accepted!) Naomi Steenhof, BScPhm, PhD from the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Toronto to talk about the nature of expertise.  She explains how pharmacists (and all health professionals) can develop adaptive expertise before cognitive entrenchment sets in. Productive failure, meaningful variation, and asking more "why" questions (rather than focusing on "what" questions) can help learners develop their adaptive muscles.
Happy New Year!  Looking forward to 2025 and lots of great topics in Season 4 of the Pharmacy Fika.
Fika Beverage Snack Sharing: 0:00 - 3:26
Discussion about Adaptive Expertise:  3:27
Resources
Hatano G and Inagaki K. Two courses of expertise. In Stevenson HW, Azuma H, and Hakuta K (Eds.), Child development and education in Japan (pp. 262–272). WH Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co, 1986.
Steenhof N. Adaptive expertise in undergraduate pharmacy education. Pharmacy 2023; 11: 32. DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy1101032
Mylopoulos M, Steenhof N, Kaushal A, and Woods NN. Twelve tips for designing curricula that support the development of adaptive expertise. Medical Teacher 2018; 40(8): 850-854, DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1484082
Steenhof N, Woods NN, Van Gerven PWM, and Mylopoulos M. Productive failure as an instructional approach to promote future learning. Advances in Health Sciences Education 2019; 24: 739-749. DOI: 10.1007/s10459-019-09895-4
Schwartz DL. Achieving an adaptive learner.  Educational Psychologist 2024; 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2024.2397389 
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The Pharmacy Fika podcast is a positive and compassionate “place” (a virtual community) where pharmacy and other health professions educators gather to discuss teaching, learning, scholarship, and academic life… plus the snacks that support their best work. So grab your favorite beverage and listen to the Pharmacy Fika podcast with your colleagues.
The Co-Hosts are:

Stuart T. Haines (Executive Producer), University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy – sthaines@olemiss.edu               
Tina Brock, University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences - tina.brock@unimleb.edu.au
Jeff Cain, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy - jeff.cain@uky.edu 
Kristin Janke, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy - janke006@umn.edu

Disclaimer (inspired by Whad’Ya Know?): All opinions expressed on the Pharmacy Fika podcast are well-reasoned and insightful. Needless to say, they are ours and our guests alone, and not those of our employing institutions.
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Episode: https://pharmacyfika.podbean.com/e/adaptive_expertise/

Podcast: https://pharmacyfika.podbean.com