Getting a manicure or pedicure can be a relaxing way to treat yourself, but many people wonder if it’s safe during pregnancy. This episode looks at the potential concerns about nail polish chemicals, like formaldehyde, toluene, and phthalates, and reviews research on how much of these ingredients the body might absorb. Learn about gel polish, tips to reduce your exposure, what to consider about foot and leg massages during a pedicure, and how to lower the risk of infection. By the end of this episode, you’ll feel confident in making the right choice for you, whether that means taking some precautions or sticking to your usual routine.

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Hi Vanessa,

Thank you so much for the Pregnancy Podcast. It has truly been a lifesaver in answering all of my questions.

I have a spa day coming up with a friend, and I am wondering if it’s safe to get a manicure or pedicure while pregnant? I know it seems like a small thing, but I wasn’t sure if I should be concerned about the chemicals in the polish. What about things like a massage during a pedicure? Are there any parts of a manicure or pedicure I should skip during pregnancy? Or is there anything I can do or request to make it safer?

I’d love to hear your take on this. Thanks again for all the great information you share!

Thank you,

Cassidy

In some ways, this does seem like a small thing, but it is entirely normal to question or second-guess even the littlest things when you are pregnant. Let’s talk about some of the potential concerns or considerations, whether you should modify any aspects of a manicure or pedicure, and tips to make your experience safe.

What Chemicals are in Nail Polish?

There are some concerns about chemicals commonly found in nail polish, especially during pregnancy. The three most frequently cited ingredients to avoid are formaldehyde, toluene, and phthalates.

Manufacturers sometimes use formaldehyde in nail hardeners and polishes to strengthen nails by bonding with keratin, a protein naturally present in your nails. You may see formaldehyde under different names, such as formalin or methylene glycol. Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen, which is a substance that can cause cancer. It may also irritate the eyes, nose, or throat, especially in poorly ventilated environments.

Toluene is a solvent in some nail polishes, hardeners, and polish removers. It helps smooth application and gives polish a glossy finish. However, toluene has links to potential effects on the nervous system, and the FDA notes that its use in cosmetics is being phased out.

Phthalates make nail polish more flexible and less likely to crack. This group of chemicals is also in many plastics. The primary concern with phthalates is that they are endocrine disruptors, which means they can interfere with your hormonal system. During pregnancy, when hormones play a critical role in fetal development, it makes sense to avoid unnecessary exposure. One phthalate that has been commonly used in nail polish is dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which many brands now exclude from their formulas.

Are Nail Polish Chemicals Safe?

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration regulates nail products under the umbrella of cosmetics. According to the FDA, “Many nail products contain potentially harmful ingredients, but are allowed on the market because they are safe when used as directed. For example, some nail ingredients are harmful when swallowed, but not when used on the nails, because the nail is a barrier, which prevents absorption.”

While the FDA states that the nail acts as a barrier, preventing the absorption of harmful chemicals, research suggests otherwise. A study by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) and Duke University found evidence that triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), a suspected endocrine disruptor, was absorbed into the body after the application of nail polish. Researchers tested the urine of 26 women who had recently painted their nails. Every participant showed evidence of TPHP in their system, with levels rising significantly after applying nail polish that contained the ingredient.

The takeaway is that some chemicals will be absorbed into the body when you apply polish to your nails. The exposure risk is generally low for a single manicure or pedicure.

Gel Polish

We covered the chemicals in traditional nail polish, and gel polish comes with additional considerations. Gel formulas require curing under UV light and involve ingredients that may increase your exposure to skin irritants, allergens, and UV radiation.

Gel polish uses acrylates (methacrylate compounds) to create a hard, durable finish. These ingredients can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, or contact dermatitis, and sensitivity may develop over time. Plus, your skin is more sensitive during pregnancy. Because pregnancy can make skin more reactive, you may want to avoid gel manicures or discontinue them if you notice any signs of irritation.

Curing gel polish requires UV lamps, which emit ultraviolet radiation. The exposure is brief and generally considered low risk, but sensitive skin may react more strongly to UV light. If you are concerned, applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen to your hands or wearing UV-protective gloves with the fingertips cut off before curing can reduce exposure.

Removal is another factor to consider. Gel polish is typically removed with prolonged acetone soaking and filing or scraping the nail surface. Acetone is a strong solvent that can dry out the nails and skin, and repeated exposure may cause irritation. If you prefer to avoid this, a traditional polish may be a better option since it requires less harsh removal methods.

Reducing Your Chemical Exposure

There are several steps you can take to reduce your exposure to potentially harmful chemicals in nail products. One of the easiest is to choose polishes labeled “3-free,” “5-free,” or “10-free.” A 3-free formula avoids the so-called “toxic trio,” which includes formaldehyde, toluene, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Polishes labeled as 5-free or 10-free go further by eliminating addit