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Episode 21 Pleural Space Infections 

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Intro: Rock Christmas/ Christmas Music by tramp963

Outro: Survival by ikoliks

Courtesy of Pixabay for non-commercial educational use

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Questions and Answers from Episode 20

Question 1: Cardiovascular Risk and OSA

 A 58-year-old man with a BMI of 36 kg/m² presents with excessive daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, and witnessed apneas during sleep. His blood pressure remains elevated despite being on three antihypertensive medications. A sleep study reveals an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 38 events/hour and a mean nocturnal oxygen saturation of 76%.Which of the following findings in this patient is most predictive of increased cardiovascular mortality?

 C. Hypoxic burden

Question 2: OSA and Atrial Fibrillation

 A 65-year-old man with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoes successful catheter ablation. He returns 3 months later with recurrent palpitations. He reports loud snoring and frequent nighttime awakenings. A sleep study confirms moderate OSA.Which of the following interventions is most likely to reduce the recurrence of atrial fibrillation in this patient?

 C. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy
 

Question 3: Stroke and Sleep Apnea

 A 72-year-old woman is admitted for an acute ischemic stroke. She has no prior history of sleep apnea but reports chronic fatigue and poor sleep quality. Her BMI is 29 kg/m². A sleep study performed during rehabilitation reveals an AHI of 22 events/hour. What is the most appropriate next step in managing this patient’s sleep-disordered breathing?

 C. Initiate CPAP therapy
 

Paper for next week

Ewelina Młynarska , Witold Czarnik , Natasza Dzie˙za , Weronika J˛edraszak , Gabriela Majchrowicz  ,Filip Prusinowski , Magdalena Stabrawa  , Jacek Rysz  and Beata Franczyk,  Type 2 DiabetesMellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms,Treatment and the Most Important Complications, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 1094

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