DiscoverFor the Ages: A History PodcastSpell Freedom: The Underground Schools That Built the Civil Rights Movement
Spell Freedom: The Underground Schools That Built the Civil Rights Movement

Spell Freedom: The Underground Schools That Built the Civil Rights Movement

Update: 2025-03-31
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Prior to the Voting Rights Act of 1965, oppressive voter registration literacy tests disenfranchised Black voters across the United States. In direct response to these restrictions, community organizers and activists launched an underground Citizenship Schools project that helped tens of thousands of Black citizens not only learn to read and write, but how to navigate Jim Crow literacy tests and demand their right to vote. In this conversation with David M. Rubenstein, Elaine Weiss takes a deep dive into the stories of four organizers at the center of this movement: Septima Clark, Esau Jenkins, Myles Horton, and Bernice Robinson. 

Recorded on February 27, 2025 

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Spell Freedom: The Underground Schools That Built the Civil Rights Movement

Spell Freedom: The Underground Schools That Built the Civil Rights Movement

The New York Historical