After the Prophet Mohammed's death in 632, his followers faced a dilemma. Mohammed was not only their spiritual leader but also their political leader. 

While no one could replace Mohammed, they needed a leader for their community. 

The result was the creation of the position of the caliph, or "successor." A series of caliphs ruled the Islamic world for centuries, and they left an indelible mark on the world today. 

Learn more about the Islamic Caliphates and how they ruled the Islamic world on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.

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