The Liquidity Divergence Between East and West | Michael Howell on Deteriorating Federal Liquidity While People’s Bank of China (PBOC) Injects Stimulus and Pumps Gold
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Michael Howell of GL Indexes and the Capital Wars Substack returns to Monetary Matters with alarming news. His readings of liquidity from over 90 central banks indicate that global central bank liquidity is deteriorating, led primarily by the Federal Reserve. Howell’s measure of Fed liquidity is weakening because the Fed’s Reverse Repo (RRP) facility is effectively fully drained. This is partially offset by U.S. Treasury issuing lots of short-duration bills, as well as People’s Bank of China injecting 7+ Trillion Yuan into its money markets and pumping the price of gold in yuan terms. Howell sees a growing divergence between East and West and warns that 2026 “won’t be a great year for financial assets.” Recorded on October 21, 2025.
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