The motion of the earth in space can be disproved

by a comparison between the supposed speed of the

earth and that of the other planets, if we base our

considerations on the principle that a body in motion

creates an apparent speed equal to its own, in bodies

it encounters, which is usually demonstrated by the

experiment of a moving vehicle, such as a train. It is

difficult to judge at first sight whether it is the train,

or what can be seen outside which is moving away,

but one fact is certain, i.e. that the two speeds, one of

which is real and the other apparent, are equal. For

this reason, if the earth were in motion, it would

create in the planets and constellations an initial

apparent speed equal to its own. Consequently, there

can be no speed in the heavens lower than that of

the earth’s, since it represents a basic speed from

which the apparent motions would be derived; but

as it can be seen, the displacement of the constellations

and of the planets, with the exception of Mercury

and Venus, is slower than the supposed speed

of the earth, which under the circumstances stated

above, is a material impossibility. It should, moreover,

be considered that the real speeds of the planets

have to be added to the apparent motions created by

the supposed movement of the earth, with the result

that the planets ought to pass before us like a flash...

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