As the United Nations approaches its 80th anniversary, questions about its agility and relevance have taken centre stage. In Episode 4 of Multilateralism UNpacked, UNU-CPR Director Dr. David Passarelli speaks with journalist, academic and UNU-CPR Fellow Dr. Adam McCauley about the need for international organizations to adapt and evolve in the face of deep geopolitical flux and rising scepticism toward multilateral cooperation. Drawing on lessons from organizational theory and his experience in government and academia, Dr. McCauley explores how the UN can become a learning institution, one that balances ambition with realism and reimagines coalitions, especially the role of middle powers. As the UN80 reform agenda moves ahead, this conversation lays out what’s at stake and how culture, structure and strategy must align for the UN to thrive in a new era.