A 22-word morning prayer, written by New York’s Board of Regents, ignited one of the most significant constitutional rulings of the last century. We sit down with Professor Katskee to unpack Engel v. Vitale and the First Amendment principles it cemented: government cannot compose or sponsor official prayers, and genuine religious liberty flourishes when the state steps back. From the text of the establishment and free exercise clauses to the human realities inside classrooms, we explore what neutrality actually means for students, teachers, and families.

We walk through the case’s path to the Supreme Court, why “non-denominational” does not solve the problem, and how the Court grounded its reasoning in history. England’s established church and the Book of Common Prayer show what happens when politics and piety fuse: factions battle for control, dissent is punished, and faith bends toward power. Drawing on Madison and Roger Williams, we show why a union of government and religion degrades both, and how neutrality protects devout believers, minority traditions, and nonbelievers alike.

The conversation then turns to today’s legal landscape. Recent rulings often treat free exercise and establishment as if they sit on a seesaw, elevating one by pushing down the other. We break down why that framing risks privileging majority faith practices while narrowing the Establishment Clause to a shadow of its former self. Instead, Engel points to a durable balance: protect student religious expression without letting public institutions script worship. For parents, educators, and citizens, the takeaway is clear—schools can be open to personal faith while remaining officially neutral. If this conversation challenged your assumptions or clarified the stakes, follow the show, share it with a friend, and leave a review to keep these deep dives coming.

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