False conspiracy theories are based on flawed logic, a lack of credible evidence, and resistance to being disproven, often relying on psychological biases to take root and spread. This contrasts with real conspiracies, which are eventually substantiated by verifiable facts, not circumstantial claims.  False conspiracy theories are constructed to be unfalsifiable. Any evidence that contradicts the theory is framed as part of the cover-up, while the absence of evidence is claimed to prove how powerful and effective the conspirators are.The conspirators are often portrayed as being all-powerful, cunning, and efficient enough to execute a flawless plan and cover their tracks perfectly. Real conspiracies are almost always messy and disorganized. High levels of distrust in authorities and institutions make people more receptive to alternative explanations that challenge mainstream narratives.Conspiracy theories are a fundamental component of a wide range of radicalized and extremist groups, where they may play an important role in reinforcing the ideology and psychology of their members as well as further radicalizing their beliefs.People who believe in conspiracy theories often have a combination of personality traits, motivations, and cognitive styles, including a tendency to perceive threat, insecurity, paranoia, and a need to feel special or superior. Other factors can include distrust of authority, emotional volatility, and a reliance on intuition rather than evidence. While some individuals may have traits associated with specific personality disorders, such as schizotypy or narcissism, most people are not "simple-minded" but are motivated by a need to make sense of distress or fulfill motivational needs.