你有没有想过，为什么有些鸟的名字像是“拼贴”出来的？比如“鹃鵙”“鹰雕”“鹩鹛”，这些看似随意的组合，其实是鸟类命名史上的“认知化石”。

在早期博物学家探索世界的时候，面对陌生的鸟类（而且根本不认识），他们只能用熟悉的鸟名去类比新物种的外形或行为，于是诞生了大量“复合名”。比如“鹃鵙”因长尾似杜鹃、钩喙像伯劳得名；“鹰雕”则因体型如雕、飞行姿态似鹰而得名。这些名字表面是“缝合怪”，实际上是记录下了我们人类对自然界的初步理解。

现代DNA研究揭开了许多“名不副实”的真相：鹃鵙的亲缘关系竟更接近黄鹂，鵙鹟属于啸鹟科而不是伯劳……这些“错误”的名称，就为趋同演化做了一个很好的注解。不同祖先的鸟因为适应相似环境，所以就演化出了近乎相同的形态。

从“像杜鹃的鸠”到“像伯劳的鹟”，鸟类的复合名还是非常有意思的。 在我们关注鸟种清单的时候，其实可以关注下这些鸟的英文名字，看看他们是不是也是曾经的“缝合怪”

参考内容：

museum.lsu.edu - consistent hyphenation of English compound bird names

worldbirdnames.org - Compound Names - IOC World Bird List

americanornithology.org - A GUIDE TO FORMING AND CAPITALIZING COMPOUND NAMES OF BIRDS IN ENGLISH - American Ornithological Society

mapress.com - Bird names as critical communication infrastructure in the contexts of history, language, and culture - Magnolia Press

assets.press.princeton.edu - Princeton University Press

australian.museum - Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike - The Australian Museum

britannica.com - Campephagidae | Cuckooshrikes, Drongos & Bulbuls | Britannica

researchgate.net - Biogeographical history of cuckoo-shrikes (Aves: Passeriformes): Transoceanic colonization of Africa from Australo-Papua | Request PDF - ResearchGate

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov - Complex biogeographic history of the cuckoo-shrikes and allies (Passeriformes: Campephagidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data - PubMed

scispace.com - WHY THE WEIRD WINGS? Investigating the morphology, function, and evolution of unusual feathers in pigeons and doves (Columbidae) - SciSpace

researchgate.net - Using bioacoustic data to test species limits in an Indo-Pacific island radiation of Macropygia cuckoo doves | Request PDF - ResearchGate

avianevonus.com - Using bioacoustic data to test species limits in an Indo- Pacific island radiation of Macropygia cuckoo doves - Avian Evolution Lab

americanornithology.org - Abstracts - American Ornithological Society

frontiersin.org - Analysis of Egg Variation and Foreign Egg Rejection in Rüppell's Weaver (Ploceus galbula)

bioone.org - Full Issue - BioOne Complete

science.gov - avian blood parasites: Topics by Science.gov

mdpi.com - Bird Interspecific Brood Parasitism Record in the Third Century - MDPI

researchgate.net - Cuckoo–hawk mimicry? An experimental test - ResearchGate

australian.museum - Eastern Shrike-tit - The Australian Museum

researchgate.net - The taxonomic status of Flores Hawk Eagle Spizaetus floris - ResearchGate

museum.lsu.edu - A classification of the bird species of South America. Part 6

museum.lsu.edu - Change English name of the two Pittasoma species

researchgate.net - The Madagascan “Cuckoo-Roller” (Aves: Leptosomidae) is Not a Roller — Notes on the Phylogenetic Affinities and Evolutionary History of a “Living Fossil” - ResearchGate

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov - The two oxpecker species reveal the role of movement rates and foraging intensity in species coexistence - PubMed Central

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