Spanish Route

Spanish Route episode SEIS your guided tour to  Spanish. Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. My name is Sergio and I'm your personal trainer Spanish. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast where every week you hear me speaking in Spanish about my language and my culture and practice your ear and your understanding of Spanish. I remind you that on my website  SpanishRoute.com can read the transcript and English translation of this class while listening to the audio. Here you can also contact me to answer your questions. And if you want to improve your speech I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype conversation sessions. Remember SpanishRoute.com  Very good! Today is the sixth program, the sixth stage on your way to Spanish. I will summarize what we discussed in the first five chapters if you have not heard yet, they may be of interest. In Chapter 1 , we have learned to introduce ourselves and say hello : ¡Hola! ¡buenos días! Me llamo Sergio y soy de España (Hi good morning, my name is Sergio and I am from Spain). We also spoke of the cardinal points in Spanish, demonym and other expressions and phrases such as "por favor" (please), "disculpa" (sorry), "gracias" (thanks you)...In Chapter 2 we talked about the gender of nouns in Spanish and the difference between "bien" (well) and "bueno" (good).In Chapter 3 we treat personal subject pronouns, especially the use of "Tú" and "usted"(you)  and the conjugation of verbs "ser" and "estar" (to be).In Chapter 4 we talk about regional differences in Spanish : phonetic differences, specific vocabulary, "voseo" and the use of "ustedes" .In Chapter 5 we try specific vocabulary often used in internet and computer , such as la arroba (at @), almohadilla (hash #) or barra inclinada (/ slash) . Very good. You know you have the list of all the chapters of the podcast on my website spanishroute.com/the-podcast with transcription and translation into English. Today we will talk about "el tiempo (the time and the weather) in Spanish. The word "tiempo" has multiple uses and meanings in Spanish. Today we will focus on two of them. "Tiempo" as a way to measure the sequence of events (time) and "tiempo" as atmospheric state or climate of a region at a particular time (weather). "El Tiempo" (The time) allows us to organize events and setting a sequence of events past, present and future. To measure it we use units of time. "El segundo" (the second), "el minuto" (the minute) or "la hora" (the hour). Also other major as "el día" (the day), "el mes" (the month) and "el año" (the year). To measure time we use "el reloj" (the clock) and "el calendario" (the calendar). We use the clock (el reloj) to know the moment of the day we are in. La hora y el minuto (The hour and minute). But to measure the time we can also use "el cronómetro" (the chronometer) that serves to measure how long a specific event lasts, such as a race. There are many types of clock. There are "reloj de pulsera" (watches) , which are what we in the arm. There are "reloj de pared" (wall clocks), which are hanging on the wall inside the house and we also have a clock on the mobile. -Yo hace mucho tiempo que no tengo reloj de pulsera porque utilizo siempre el reloj del móvil. (I have not had a wristwatch for a long time because I always use the mobile phone clock). "Las horas" (the hours) can be written in the format of 12 or 24 hours. When we use the twelve-hour format in written language we can use the abbreviation AM or PM to indicate whether it is morning or evening. But when we speak in Spanish as usual, it is to use the 12-hour format and add if it is "por la mañana" (morning), "por la tarde" (afternoon), "por la noche" (evening) or "de madrugada" (early morning). For example. I can say: Hoy llegué a las once (today I arrived at eleven). If I say nothing else is understood that I arrived at 11:00 "de la mañana"  or 11:00 PM. To indicate that arrived at 23:00 or 11:00 PM I should say: Hoy llegué a las once de la noche (today I arrived at 11 pm). We use the term "de madrugada" (early morning) to indicate the hours from twelve o'clock until sunrise, more or less. I can say:  Esta noche me desperté a las cuatro de la madrugada (tonight I woke up at four in the morning). In the hours from noon to sunset, we accompanied the hours with the words "de la tarde" (evening) . Llegué a casa a las cinco de la tarde. (I arrived home at five in the afternoon). "El mediodía es a las doce en punto" (Noon is at twelve o'clock). Although sometimes we can talk about twelve o'clock in the morning and you could even hear saying "una del mediodía" (one o'clock in the noon) instead of "una de la tarde" (one o'clock in the afternoon).​ To mark the hours we use the numbers from 1 to 12. They are: Uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once y doce. (One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven and twelve). "La hora" or "las horas" (The hours), is a feminine word, as we saw in chapter two of the podcast , and therefore bears the feminine article "la" or "las" . When we refer to a specific hour also we used the feminine article "la" or  "las" una, dos, tres ... etc. "La una" is the only hour that has feminine form and is different from the number. The number is "uno" (masculine), the hour is "una" (feminine). The remaining hours are said as the number but with the feminine plural article "Las". Like asking "the time" in Spanish. To ask the time of day when we meet, we "preguntamos la hora" or "pedimos la hora". The right question is: "¿Qué hora es?" (What time is it?). We do not say: "¿Qué tiempo es?" No, that's not right. But to be a little more polite to a stranger, for example, we can say: Perdona, ¿puedes decirme la hora? (Excuse me, can you tell me the time?) Or with the "usted": Perdone, ¿puede usted decirme la hora?, por favor. (Excuse me, can you tell me the time ?, please). A informal way we can also use the expression: "¿Tienes hora?" (Do you have time?) When we want to specify a particular time, without passing minute, we use the term "en punto" (o'clock) . As we have said before: "Son las doce en punto" (it's twelve o'clock),  which means they are twelve zero zero or twelve and zero minutes. When we tell time with his minutes, we can use the corresponding number of minutes: - Son las tres y diez (3:10) - Son las ocho y cuarenta (8:40) When someone asks us the time and we tell them we do not have to specify if it is in the morning, in the afternoon or at night, because the other person is supposed to know at the time of the day we are in. We usually specify the time of day accompanying the time past or future events. - El concierto empezará a las diez de la noche (10:00 pm).  When they spend fifteen (15) minutes of the hour, we say that "son y cuarto" :   "Son las tres y cuarto" (it's three and a quarter) , is the same as saying "son las tres y quince minutos" (it's three and 15 minutes) . It is said "y cuarto", because the hours, which last 60 minutes, are divided into four quarters of fifteen (15) minutes each. when passing "treinta"  (thirty) (30) minutes of time, we say  "son y media" ;  "Son las tres y media" (it's half past three). Is the same as saying "son las tres y treinta minutos" (it's three thirty minutes). When it is less than thirty (30) minutes for the next hour also we say the next hour less minutes remaining: So at 12:50 we say: "Es la una menos diez" (It is ten minutes to one)". Because there are ten minutes until one. At 12:45 we say: "Es la una menos cuarto" (It is a quarter to one) . because a quarter of an hour for a foul. The calendar in Spanish "El calendario"  (The calendar) used to know the time of year when we meet, or to indicate past or future events. Are "las fechas" (the dates). In Spanish we write dates pointing first "el día" (day) , then "el mes" (the month) and "el año" (the year) end.  Hoy es lunes, 18 de junio de 2018 (Today is Monday, June 18, 2018). Normally we use "calendarios de un año" (one year calendars) when they are on paper. But in digital calendars we can have calendars with many years. The calendar is divided into 12 months, and every month in weeks and days. The names of the days of the week and months of the year in Spanish In Spanish the days of the week are: Lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado y domingo. (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday). In Spain, the first day of the week is Monday. And Saturday and Sunday we call "fin de semana" (weekend). The names of the 12 months of the year are: Enero, febrero marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre y diciembre (January, February March, April, May, June, July , August, September, October, November and December). The weather in Spanish The other use of the word "tiempo" we want to talk on the agenda today is the weather, or climate of a place at a particular time. The word "clima" (climate) refers to the meteorological characteristics of a region because of its geographical situation. For example: El clima que predomina en España es el mediterráneo templado, lo cual propicia veranos secos e inviernos con temperaturas equilibradas. (​The climate  prevailing in Spain is the temperate Mediterranean, which favors dry summers and winters with balanced temperatures). And "tiempo" refers to the weather situation at a particular time.  - El tiempo de hoy en en Santiago de Compostela es lluvioso. (Today's weather in Santiago de Compostela is rainy). Frequent expressions to talk about the weather in Spanish - ¿Qué tiempo hace hoy? (How is the weather today?)  - Hoy hace buen tiempo, hace sol, es un día soleado (Today is fine weather, it's sunny, it is a sunny day). - Hoy hace mal tiempo, está lloviendo,

Translation to Engl​ish Spanish Route episode FIVE. Your guided route to Spanish Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to SpanishRoute. The program, the podcast to learn Spanish the easy and fun way. My name is Sergio and I'm your personal trainer Spanish. How are you going to study Spanish? Are you practicing every day? Very good! Today is the fifth program, the fifth stage on your way to Spanish and will talk about the vocabulary of computer and Internet (Spanish Internet Vocabulary).  But first, as always, I want to remind you that on my website spanishroute.com have the transcription and translation into English of this class. Also, from SpanishRoute.com/contact, you can write with doubts and questions to resolve in the program.  And if you want to improve your speech I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype conversation sessions. Remember SpanishRoute.com. And now. Let 's start with the class. Spanish Internet Vocabulary Because the Internet is a very modern technology, many of the words we use come from English. Why is this language which was used for the first time. They are therefore Anglicisms. But as we saw in the previous chapter the use of Anglicisms still uses and geographic customs. The word Internet is often used without an article but also can be used with both male and female article. "El Internet" or "La Internet". The word "online": how do you say in Spanish? The word online is translated into Spanish by "en línea" when we perform any task connected to the Internet. But the English form online is also very common among those who speak Spanish. Another word is widely used in Internet mail or email. Spanish is commonly used in the English form but the right thing is to use the Spanish translation: "correo" or "correo electrónico". For example: I can say you: Mi dirección de correo electrónico es: sergio@spanishroute.com As you can hear, the email address we have a new word that is "arroba". The "arroba" is a letter or rather a symbol of ancient origin that was recovered in the Internet age for use in email addresses. It is written between the user name and the domain name, server or provider mail account. In English "arroba" is said "at".  The "arroba" symbol @ in Spanish The "arroba" symbol is a letter "a" locked in an open circle. In Spanish the word "arroba" also means old unit weight and volume variable value according to regional differences. When we say an e-mail also added the word "punto", as in the domains or URLs to add the termination of domain or mail account provider. "Punto" is the punctuation mark that ended with sentences and paragraphs in Spanish. English "dot" is said. URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) in Spanish On the Internet there are also the addresses of web pages or web sites. Also known URLs acronym, which stands for the English words in Spanish means Localizador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Locator), so the acronym should be LUR, but still use the orignial English acronym URL). You can also listen to the English form website, but the right thing is to use the Spanish translation "sitio web" or "página web". Urls usually start with three double-ues. (WWW). Followed by a dot (punto), and the domain name. After another dot and finally a extenson or termination, which can be com, net, es, etc. Double-u letter (Uve doble) in Spanish can be called in several ways depending on the geographical origin of the speaker. In Spain it is usually called "Uve doble" and Latin America is often called "doble u" or "doble ve" seen since in those countries the letter "uve" (v) also called "ve baja".  We will review the names of the letters of the alphabet in Spanish in upcoming programs. Since there are more letters that can be difficult for students of Spanish. Therefore the urls with the structure of the three double-ues, the domain name and extension are usually "pagina de inicio del sitio web"  (home pages of a website). What in English is known as the Home. You can also hear talk of "home" to a Spanish speaker to refer to the homepage of a website. Bar, hyphens and underscore in Spanish For other pages of a website URL uses the sign / ("barra" or "barra inclinada"). In English slash or forward slash, to add content to the web address after the extension. When the content between bars of a URL is made up of more than one word they are usually separated by "guiones" (Hyphens in English) not to be confused with "la raya" or "gión largo" (that English is Dash). "El guión" is also on the keyboard minus (or subtraction in math). "La arroba" we saw earlier is not only used for email addresses. Currently also they used to indicate usernames on Social Media. User names on social media are written with the @ followed by the username. No spaces or other intermediate signs. Social Networks in Spanish The two main social networks I use are Twitter and Facebook. The names of social networks are not translated into Spanish but if your pronunciation vary by geographic region of the speaker. The name of my facebook page is www.facebook.com/spanishroute and my username on Facebook is @spanishroute. On Twitter (in case you want to follow) my username is @spanish_route ¿"guión bajo"? What does "gión bajo" mean? You're wondering ... "El guión bajo" is the sign that English is called underscore. It is a horizontal line at the base of the writing line. Unlike the hyphen that goes in the midline of the accompanying letters. The underscore was formerly used in typewriters for underlined. Currently, it is used in internet and computer to separate words that programming needs can not be separated. Although the names of social networks are not translated into Spanish if new words have emerged due to its use.  In Spanish there is "tuitear" verb (which already recognizes dictionary Spanish) and means "to communicate via tweets" or "send something through a tweet." "El tuit" or "los tuits" are messages that are written to twitter. There is also the word "tuiteo", which is the action or effect of "tuitear". How to write these new words have been adapted to Spanish phonetics and writing. It is not used, therefore, neither W nor the two T Twitter name.  "Tuitear" is written with the following letters: T-U-I-T-E-A-R On Twitter and other social networks we use the sign # (almohadilla) which in English is hash, to introduce hashtags. Which has no translation into Spanish. It could be translated by "etiqueta" (tag) and therefore this English word is used although it does not exist in the Spanish dictionary. More vocabulary computer and internet in Spanish (Spanish Internet Vocabulary) When using social networks like Facebook or Twitter, we have a "usuario" (user) and a "perfil" (profile). "El usuario" is the name we give to know on the internet and "el perfil" is the information you give to know on the internet and other users can see you. There is also "el muro" that English is said wall or timeline, which is the activity of other users and pages that follow in this social network. When writing an email we can attach documents (images, pdfs, and audio). We can send mail just write or forward to someone else via e-mail just received. Both in our email and on our computer we have "carpetas" (folder, in English) where we store documents. One of them, which is called "papelera" (trash, in English) is where we want to remove documents or documents trash. Software help us perform many tasks on the computer. On the mobile phone, these programs are called (applications) or apps (with two P, as in English) Cloud, upload, download ... in Spanish Although currently many tasks can be done "en linea"(online) even save your documents in "la nube". "Nube" is called "claud" in English. And when we keep something in the cloud, we use the verb "subir" (to rise, to upload), or the verb "colgar" (to hang). On the contrary, we use "bajar" o "descargar" (to download), when we retrieve a document from the cloud. For example, I can say: “Acabo de subir el pdf a mi cuenta de google drive. Te mando el enlace por correo electrónico para que lo puedas descargar” "I just uploaded the pdf to my Google drive. I send the email link so you can download ". In this phrase I use the word "enlace" instead of the "link" English form.  When using internet, we "navegamos" surf the Internet, the program to connect to the Internet is "el navegador" (the browser), such as Explorer, Chrome or Firefox. The text box where you enter the URL or website address you want to visit is called "barra de navegación" (the navigation bar). The browser tabs (pestañas del navegador") open to have more than one webpage open. How "pestaña" is said in English? "Pestaña", in English "pestaña" is tab. In Spanish "pestaña" is the same word we use to name long hairs we have on eye lids.  "La ventana" (window in English) is each of the programs or folders that are open on our computer. Same browser can be opened more than once in different windows and each window to have more than one tab open. You understand, right? Sometimes we want to update or refresh a page to reload. The button where we will click ("clicar" what means to click or to enter) is an open circle with an arrow on one end. Many new words have hispanicized literally translating the English word. It is what happens to "refrescar"translated to refresh. Types of computers in Spanish In Spanish it is called "ordenador" to computer we use to connect to the Internet, but it can also be called "computador". When it is smaller and easily transportable called "portatil" also "ordenador portatil". In some Latin American countries often use the English form laptop.  Smaller and touchscreen are "tabletas" or tablets. English tablet form is often used both in Spain and Latin America.

Translation to Engl​ish Spanish Route episode FOUR. Your guided tour to Spanish. Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast to learn Spanish the easy and fun way. I'm Sergio and I'm your personal trainer Spanish. And I speak from Galicia in northern Spain. This is the fourth program, fourth stage on your way to Spanish. Today we will talk about geographical differences of Spanish spoken and you have to keep in mind if you're traveling to a Spanish speaking country. But before and I always want to remind you that on my website SpanishRoute.com have the transcript and English translation of this class. Also, from SpanishRoute.com/contact , you can write with doubts and questions to resolve in the program. And if you want to improve your speech I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype conversation sessions at a very low price.   Remember SpanishRoute.com . And now. Let 's start with the class. Differences between the Spanish of Spain and Latin American Spanish Spanish differences because of its geographical situation applies not only between Spain and Latin America but there are also differences between regions within the same country. For example, there phonetics and intonation between north and south differences here in Spain and is also very particular accent of the Canary Islands. The fact that there are regional differences in language does not mean you need to learn them all, but it's good to have a general idea. Some words or regional expressions are admitted as correct use in Spanish and appear in the dictionary, but others are considered slang or foreign words and do not appear in the Spanish dictionary. If you learn to speak a common neutral or Spanish, as we speak here, you can be understood by any Spanish speaker from anywhere on the planet. The hardest thing is that you understand when someone speaks to you with a very marked or using typical vocabulary your region or country accent. So if you're wanting to travel to a particular place in Spain or Latin America, you should investigate some kind of accent or specific vocabulary used there. In general, geographical differences oral Spanish can be grouped into the following characteristics: Accent and intonation Each country or region has a different accent or intonation, this feature of Spanish spoken can hinder your understanding if the other person also speaks too fast. Phonetic differences Related stress and intonation is the different pronunciation of some letters or deletion or substitution of phonemes. This feature already difficult a little more understanding, and it may also cause more mistakes when writing in Spanish, because it tends to write like you talk committed. For example, in Spain we pronounce the letter "z" as English th (θ). It is the same phoneme that when "c" goes before the vowels "e" or "i". For example: "Zapato", "ceniza". As in Latin America and parts of Spain this phoneme sounds more like a "s" but you can not write with "s": sapato, Senisa. It is what is known as "seseo". Concrete vocabulary There are also different words for the same purpose: for example "coche" (car) (in Spain) "carro" or "auto" in Latin America. In Spain we say "ordenador" (computer) Latinomaérica say computador. Móvil (mobile phone) say in Spain, celular say in Latin America. Another example: The word "dinero". The word "dinero" is common to all Spanish-speaking countries but in Argentina they say "plata" (silver), in Mexico they call "lana" (wool). And the money, influence of English also called "cash" or "money". Although these last words do not appear in the dictionary and are Anglicisms. We will include, therefore, this section all Anglicisms as "cash" or "money": they are words of English origin who join the Spanish, sometimes with some variation that can be both pronunciation and writing. In Spanish there are many words that have their origin in the English language, such as "futbol" (football), CD, or the previous example of "mony" and "cash" but this influence of English is not homogeneous. Words of English origin that if used in all Spanish-speaking countries such as futoboll and others that are only used in a country or region. This is because there are more influenced by the English geographic areas because of their geographical proximity and incorporate more vocabulary to their speech, such as Spanish in Mexico. Words like "Jeans" in Spain they say "pantalones baqueros". Also within this group of specific vocabulary we can include many colloquialisms. And here the variety is immense, because each region has its own.  Voseo Voseo occurs in several Latin American countries and is very typical of Argentina and Urugay. Is to replace the pronoun "tú" o "usted" by "vos" and also changing the verb conjugation to a particular form. Thus the way of saying "tú eres" an Argentine is "vos sos". Another example. With the verb have. Instead of saying "tú tienes," the Argentine said ... "Vos tenés". The use of "ustedes" As we saw in the previous chapter on the personal pronouns and the difference between "tú"and "usted" and "vosotros" and "ustedes" note that "usted" and "ustedes" use more formal and polite manner. While "tú" and "vosotros" for more informal situations. This is correct, but in Latin America is hardly used the plural "vosotros". Almost always used "ustedes", with the verb also in the third person plural, even for informal use. In Spain we say: "Vosotros viajáis mucho" In Latin America they say: "Ustedes viajan mucho" As you see the variety of Spanish is very large and you may find yourself in situations where you do not understand very well what you are hearing. It is very difficult to learn all geographic variants of Spanish so I recommend that you clear your goals in learning this language. If you are interested or curious about the use of Spanish in any country or region in particular, because you will soon go on a trip, for example, you can ask me through my website and I'll try to help you. Phrases that can help you Now I'll tell you about some phrases you can learn to use when you do not understand very well somebody: You can use the words "por favor", before or after the following phrases: - ¿Puedes hablar más despacio?  ("Can you talk slower?") - ¿Puede (usted) hablar más despacio? "(Can you speak more slowly?") You know what this phrase means? Do you understand the difference between the two variants? Very good. You can also ask them to explain something to the next question, which you have to add the word you do not understand. For example: - ¿Qué significa____________?  (What does __________ mean ?) - ¿Qúe es ______________?  (What is ______________?) Another useful question is: - ¿Puedes repetir? (You can repeat it?) - ¿Puede (usted) repetir? (You  can repeat it? And finally you can find someone else and ask ... - ¿Hablas inglés? (Do you speak English?) - ¿Habla (usted) inglés? (Do you speak English?) In today's program I propose a very easy exercise. You have to search through the Internet (eg YouTube videos) five words or expressions typical of a country or region that speaks Spanish. They may be all the same place or different places each. If you want you can focus on the country you'd like to visit or who are planning a trip. You can write it in three columns: the first column write the word or local expression in the second generic or common expression in Spanish and in the third the translation into English or your language. As in the following example: LOCALSPANISH COMMONYOUR LANGUAGEPlata (Argentina)moneymoneyLana (Mexico)moneymoney If you want you can send me the exercise by email to the following address: sergio@spanishroute.com and discuss the program. And now end up with class today ... What do you think? Are you thinking of traveling to a Spanish speaking country? Are you afraid not well understand the language? Do not worry. Spanish is really fun and I'm sure you will have great on your trip. Remember that you can find on my website spanishRoute.com for your queries and ask your questions. And if you want to practice your pronunciation you can book a Skype session with me. Thank you very much for listening, for subscribing, by positive and "like" ratings and see you at the next show, the next stage of your guided tour to Spanish. Bye! BOOK YOUR SESSION ON SKYPE Spanish version: Transcription (in Spanish) Spanish Route episodio CUATRO  tu ruta guiada al español. Buenos días, buenas tardes o buenas noches. Bienvenido a Spanish Route. El programa, el podcast para aprender español de la manera más fácil y divertida. Yo soy Sergio y soy tu entrenador personal de español. Y te hablo desde Galicia en el norte de España. Este es ya el cuarto programa, cuarta etapa en tu camino al español. Hoy vamos a hablar de las diferencias geográficas del español hablado y lo que tienes que tener en cuenta si vas a viajar a algún país de habla hispana. Pero antes como siempre quiero recordarte que en mi página web SpanishRoute.com tienes la trascripción y traducción al inglés de este clase. También, desde SpanishRoute.com/contact, puedes escribirme con dudas y preguntas que resolveremos en el programa. Y si quieres mejorar tu pronunciación puedo ayudarte a practicar tu español con sesiones de conversación por Skype a un precio muy reducido.   Recuerda SpanishRoute.com. Y ahora sí. Empecemos con la clase. Diferencias entre el español de españa y el español de Latinoamerica Las diferencias del español por su situación geográfica no solo se aplica entre España y Latinoamérica sino que también existen diferencias entre regiones dentro de un mismo país. Por ejemplo,

Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast to learn Spanish in the easiest and most fun way. In case you still do not know me, I'm Sergio and I'm your personal Spanish trainer. And this is already the third program, third stage on your way to Spanish. Today we are going to continue with a little more grammar. I will explain the subject's personal pronouns, especially the difference between "Tú"and "usted"; and between "vosotros" and "ustedes". Then we will treat the conjugation of the verbs "ser" and "estar", which in other languages use a single verb for their different uses but Spanish uses two verbs.  But first I want to remind you that on my website: SpanishRoute.com, you have the transcription and translation into English of this class and a very easy exercise to practice the concepts we are dealing with today. Also, from spanishRoute.com/contact , you can write me with questions and questions that we will solve in the program.  And if you want to improve your pronunciation I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype conversation sessions at a very reduced price.   Remember SpanishRoute.com And now Let's start with the class. Subject's personal pronouns They are the pronouns with which we conjugate the verbs. They replace the name or noun that forms the subject of the phrase. In Spanish, subject personal pronouns are: Yo (I), tú (you), él (he), ella (she), usted (you), nosotros, nosotras (we), vosotros, vosotras (you), ellos, ellas (them) ustedes (you).   For example: Juan habla español (Juan speaks Spanish) . I can replace the subject " Juan " with the pronoun "él": Él habla español ( He speaks Spanish). Los chicos hablan español (The boys speak Spanish). I can replace the subject "los chicos" (the boys)  with the pronoun "ellos" (them): Ellos hablan español (They speak Spanish). As we saw the personal pronouns are the words that accompany the verb and allow us to know what or who we are talking about. They represent the grammatical person. In Spanish there are three grammatical persons of the singular and their corresponding persons of the plural. and Some have a feminine form. But not all. We will continue with the example of the verb "hablar" (to speak). "Hablar español" (speak Spanish). For the first person of the singular we use "Yo"(I).   It refers to the person who speaks.   Yo hablo español (I speak Spanish) In the plural: Nosotros for the masculine and nosotras for the feminine( we). It refers to the group to which the person speaking belongs. Nosotros hablamos español / Nosotras hablamos español (We speak Spanish / We speak Spanish). The feminine form is used when the whole group belongs to the female sex. If in the group there are people of both sexes, the masculine form can be used in a general way, it is what is called "generic masculine", as we saw in the previous class, remember? The same happens for the rest of the cases in which there are masculine and feminine personal pronouns. The second person of the singular: Tú (You). It refers to the person to whom the speaker is speaking. Tú hablas español. (You speak Spanish) The second person in the plural is vosotros for the masculine, vosotras for the feminine (you). It refers to the group to which the speaker is speaking. Vosotros habláis español / Vosotras habláis español (You speak Spanish / Vosotras you speak Spanish). The third person of the singular is: Él, ella y usted (He, she and you) (Él, masculine / ella feminine). Él and ella refer to a person who is neither the speaker nor the listener. It is neither first person nor second person. Él habla español / Ella habla español (He speaks Spanish / She speaks Spanish) And what happens to "usted"? Usted (you) are grammatically a third person pronoun that is why it is used with the verb in the third person, but semantically it is used to refer to the second person, that is, to refer to the listener, the person with whom we are speaking. It is used as a more courteous way, showing respect or distancing. It is for a more formal use, while for normal or informal use we will use the second person pronoun  "Tú". Usted (You speak Spanish). There are no different ways for masculine and feminine. Examples of the use of "usted" can be when we address a police officer, a judge, our boss, or an older person and when we want to be extremely polite and formal. The plurals of the third person are: Ellos (m), ellas (f) y ustedes (They and you). Ellos hablan español / ellas hablan español (They speak Spanish). Ustedes hablan español (You speak Spanish). It is necessary to know what these pronouns are because we will use them continuously in the examples, but you have to know that in many occasions in normal conversations of Spanish, this subject pronoun is usually omitted, since in the conjugation of the verb the person is already implied grammatical to which we are referring. For example, I can say: En España hablamos español (In Spain we speak Spanish). In the conjugation of the verb "hablar" (to speak), we see that it is in the first person of the plural. Therefore, the subject pronoun "nosotros" (we) does not have to appear . The two sentences are correct. Both... En España nosotros hablamos español (In Spain we speak Spanish) and,,, En España hablamos español (In Spain we speak Spanish). Verb Ser y Estar Now that we have clear the different personal pronouns for the subject we will conjugate the verbs "ser y estar" (to be) and to be and we will treat their different uses. Remember: Yo soy tu entrenador personal de español y yo estoy muy feliz de hablar contigo          (I am your personal Spanish trainer and I am very happy to talk to you). Can you see the differences between "ser" and "estar" in this phrase? Yo soy tu entrenador personal de español y yo estoy muy feliz de hablar contigo          (I am your personal Spanish trainer and I am very happy to talk to you). The conjugation of the verb "Ser" (to be) The verb "ser" (to be) is an irregular verb. This means that its conjugation is a bit more difficult than regular verbs, since it does not follow any rule to change its form according to grammatical persons. The conjugation of the verb to be in the indicative present is: Yo soy (I am)Tú ere (You are)Él / Ella / Usted es (He / She is  / You are Nosotros / Nosotras somos (We are)Vosotros / Vosotras sois (You are)Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes son (They / You are The conjugation of the verb "Estar" The verb "estar" (to be) is regular. It means that its conjugation is done using the root of the infinite " estar, " that is est-, with the corresponding ending to each grammatical person. These endings are common for regular verbs (which we will see in upcoming programs, do not worry). In this way, the conjugation of the verb estar is the following: Yo estoy (I am)Tú estás (You are)Él / Ella / Usted está (He / She is  / You are Nosotros / Nosotras estamos (We are)Vosotros / Vosotras estáis (You are)Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes están (They / You are Do you see the difference between a regular and an irregular verb? Very good and... When do we use the verb "Ser" and when do we use the verb "estar"? Well, as a general rule we use the verb "ser" (to be) to describe, point or talk about the permanent or unalterable qualities of people or things. Of its characteristics that never change. And we use the verb "estar" (to be) to talk about temporal states or characteristics of people and things that can change over time.  But as always there are also exceptions. We see it better with examples. The verb "ser" is used to indicate permanent states:   > We use it to indicate the nationality or place of origin of the persons: Yo soy español, soy de España (I'm spanish. I am from Spain) Ella es francesa, es de Francia (She is French. He's from France). > It can also be used to indicate the name of a person. As you know, it is usually said:  Me llamo Sergio (My name is Sergio). But I can also say ... Soy Sergio (I'm Sergio). El se llama Juan, su nombre es Juan (His name is Juan,  he is Juan). > In professions: Yo soy profesor (I am a teacher), Ella es profesora (she is a teacher).  Remember that the verb does not change depending on the gender of the subject. It is said: Él es profesor (he is a teacher) , ella es profesora  (she is a teacher).  > To indicate religion or political ideas: Yo soy católico (I am Catholic), Ellos son ecologistas (they are ecologists). > To describe things in relation to their shape, size and material. Characteristics that do not change, for example:  La mesa es cuadrada (The table are square) El elefante es grande (The elephant is big) La camisa es de seda (The shirt is silk) > The verb ser is also used to indicate possession and relationships between people: Tú eres mi amigo (You are my friend) Juan es mi hermano (Juan is my brother). El libro es de María (The book is of Maria) > To indicate dates and times and periods of time: Hoy es lunes (Today is Monday) Son las tres de la tarde (It's three o'clock). Es de noche (It's night)  Es verano (It's summer). In this last example, you might think that dates and times change over time and you should use the verb "estar" but in Spanish the verb "ser" is used to indicate periods of time. Although there is also an exception: You can use the verb "estar" in the first person plural plus a preposition to talk about the passage of time in relation to us: For example. We can say: Estamos en verano (We are in summer) , instead of "es verano". Estamos a lunes (We are on Monday) , instead of "es lunes". The verb "estar" is used as we said before to indicate temporal characteristics or that can change over time.

/ Spanish Route episode TWO your guided route to  Spanish. Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast to learn Spanish in the easiest and most fun way. My name is Sergio and I am your personal Spanish trainer. This is the second program, second stage on your way to Spanish. And it will also be very easy. Today I will deal with the subject of the genders of the names or nouns in Spanish, which is a characteristic of the languages ​​of Latin origin. I will also explain, as I said in the previous class, the differences between "bueno" and "bien" and between "malo" and "mal" . That can be a bit confusing for those who start learning Spanish. But first I want to remind you that on my web page  spanishroute.com  you have the transcription and translation into English of this class. And a very easy exercise to practice the concepts we are dealing with today. Also, from  spanishRoute.com/contact , you can write me with questions and questions that we will solve in the program. And if you want to access Skype conversation sessions with me at a very low price.   Remember SpanishRoute.com And now Let's start with the class... Genre of the nouns in Spanish Today we are going to talk about the genre of nouns. In Spanish, the names and nouns have a gender. These words are masculine or feminine, whether referring to people or animals (with male or female sex) or referring to objects and concepts without biological sex. This characteristic of the language is due to its Latin origin and it shares it with other languages ​​that derive from Latin like French or Italian. El niño / la niña (The boy / The girl) " El niño " is a masculine noun. "La niña" is a feminine noun.  El perro / la perra (The dog / The bitch)  "El perro" is masculine noun and  "la perra" is the feminine noun. El león / la leona (The lion / The lioness) "El león" is masculine. " la leona" is the feminine one. They are names of things and concepts without sex words like: El libro, la casa, el amor, la amistad (The book, the house, love, friendship). The word libro ("el libro") is masculine, although it does not have sex. The same goes for "la casa" (feminine word), "el amor" (masculine noun), "la amistad"  (feminine noun). Therefore, the names of people and animals can change according to sex, but the names of things and concepts that are not animals or people never change. Gender concordance When a name or noun is accompanied by an article and an adjective these have to be used in the same genre as the noun. It is what is known as "concordance ". This is the reason for the existence of certain articles " El" and "La" and the indeterminate  "un"  and "una"  and the variations of the adjectives for the case that describe masculine or feminine nouns. El coche rojo / Un coche rojo (The red car / a red car)  La casa blanca / una casa blanca (The white house / a white house) Differences between masculine and feminine gender Generally, the names ending in -o are masculine and the names ending in -a are feminine. For example: Masculine:  El piano, el mundo, el camino, el perro, el gato (The piano, the world, the road, the dog, the cat) They are feminine: La casa, la playa, la montaña, la silla, la mesa (The house, the beach, the mountain, the chair, the table) As you can see in the examples, we have two articles, "EL" to accompany masculine names and "LA" to accompany feminine names. There are masculine words ending in -a , therefore, they must be accompanied by the masculine article El , for example: El día, el planeta, el mapa, el idioma (the day, the planet, the map, the language). There are also feminine words ending in -o (but they are very few):   La mano, la moto (The hand, the motorbike). which is actually the abbreviation of motorcycle (feminine noun ending in -a , la motocicleta (the motorcycle). The reason that there are masculine words ending in -a is due to the evolution of Spanish from Latin. These words were masculine but did not end in  -a , as they evolved into Spanish they conserved the masculine gender but their ending changed. For example: Día (Day) derives from the Latin Díes (masculine) and in Spanish evolved to día (day), conserving the sort but changing the termination. The word feminine mano (hand) comes from the Latin manus . when evolving into Spanish the ending " -us" was transformed into "-o" but it conserved the feminine gender. This is why there are no specific rules to know if a word is masculine or feminine, for it would be necessary to go to the study of Latin and also of Greek, or even Arabic, from which many words of Spanish derive. The only thing we can point out are general rules and exceptions that we must learn from practice. They are also masculine: The names related to geography: the names of rivers, seas, mountains... El Everest, el Mediterraneo, el Amazonas (The Everest, the Mediterranean, the Amazon) Months and days of the week: El lunes (Monday), el (pasado) diciembre (the (past) December. The cardinal points (as we saw in the last episode):  El norte, el sur, el este...(The north, the south, the east ...) The numbers: El uno, el dos, el tres, el cuatro... (the one, the two, the three, the four...) the colors: El azul (blue), el rojo (red) They are feminine: The letters: La A, la B (be), la C(ce), la R(erre),   The abbreviations of feminine words (as we saw before): La moto (the motorbike) la motocicleta (the motorcycle) ,  la foto (the picture) la fotografía (the picture and photography). In Spanish there are words that can be masculine or feminine with a totally different meaning in each case: El cura (The priest), who is a priest. Or La cura (the cure),  which is synonymous with healing or treatment. La cabeza (The head), which is the upper part of the human body. Or El cabeza (the head) , which is the leader. El capital (The capital): Amount of money or economic goods. La capital (The capital): Main city of a country. Nouns that end in a consonant or in other vowels that are not "-a" or "-o" can be masculine or feminine. They are masculine: El taxi, el coche, el café, el té, el televisor, el violín, el ordenador, (the taxi, the car, the coffee, the tea, the television, the violin, the computer) They are feminine nouns: La nube, la leche, la ciudad, la señal, la sal (the cloud, the milk, the city, the sign, the salt). As I said earlier, all names or nouns have a gender. But we must differentiate the names of objects or concepts without sex that are always fixed as "the book, the house, love, friendship." Of the names and nouns that refer to animals and people, which may vary according to sex: I will now focus on the latter. Nouns such as: el perro, la perra; el niño, la niña; el león, la leona (the dog, the bitch; the boy, the girl, the lion, the lioness). They change depending on the biological sex that is reversed. Also in professions such as: El medico, la medica (the doctor), el profesor (the teacher) There are some general rules to know how to form the feminine of a masculine noun for the gender of people and animals.  In general, if the masculine name ends in -o the feminine name ends in -a. El niño / la niña; el perro / la perra; el médico / la médica (the boy / the girl; the dog / the bitch; the doctor) El alumno / la alumna; el camarero / la camarera (the student; the waiter / the waitress) ​There are masculine names that do not end in -or form their feminine by adding an -a Señor / Señora (Mr. / Mrs); el doctor / la doctora (the doctor); el león / la leona (the lion / the lioness); el juez / la jueza (the judge) Or replace the last letter with an -a: El jefe / la jefa (the boss) Other nouns form the feminine with endings such as:  -ina, -ena, -isa or -iz El rey / la reina (The King / the Queen) ; el héroe / la heroina (the hero / the heroine) ; el príncipe / la princesa (the prince / the princess) ; el conde / la condesa (the count / the countess). El poeta /la poetisa (the poet /the poetess). Although in this case you can also say "la poeta" to refer to women who write poetry. El sacerdote / la sacerdotisa (The priest / priestess); el actor / la actriz (the actor / actress); el emperador / la emperatriz (the emperor / the empress). Common gender There are nouns that end in -o are used for both male and female: El modelo / la modelo (The model); el soldado (the soldier); el testigo / la testigo (the witness. Therefore, they can be accompanied by the feminine article as well as the masculine article according to the case. There are other words that do not end in -o are also used for both genders. For example: el periodista / la periodista (the journalist); el estudiante / la estudiante ( The student); el psiquiatra / la psiquiatra (the psychiatrist); el paciente / la paciente (the patient); el gerente / la gerente (the manager). These nouns are called common gender. The same word with the corresponding masculine or feminine article. Generic masculine In Spanish, when we want to refer to a group in which there are people or animals of both sexes we use the masculine one since it is considered "gender not marked". It is called generic masculine. For example: Los alumnos fueron de excursión (The students went on a field trip), it can also be said: los alumnos y las alumnas fueron de excursión. It seems very difficult truth. I think so. That Spanish is very difficult. But do not worry much. You are doing it very well. It's just a matter of practice. Now we are going to complicate it a little more. Genus epiceno (In Spanish) There are some words that have a grammatical gender, that is to say,

Spanish Route, episode ONE. Your guided route to Spanish. English translation of podcast audio Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast, to learn Spanish in the easiest and most fun way. My name is Sergio and I am your personal Spanish trainer. This is the first program and it's going to be very easy, you'll see. We will learn to introduce ourselves and to greet us. We will ask some questions and answer them. That way you'll know me a little better. But first, I want to remind you that on my website: SpanishRoute.com  You can read the transcription and English translation of this program. In case there is something you have not understood well. You can download the pdf with the presentation of the class and with a very easy written exercise to help you practice the concepts we have talked about today. Also, from spanishRoute.com/contact , you can write me with questions that we will solve in the program. And if you want to access Skype conversation sessions with me, at a very low price.   Remember SpanishRoute.com. And now Let's start with the program. In this first chapter we will start at the most basic level. We will learn to introduce ourselves and to greet us. Remember that this program can be followed from the audio player of my website, or through your favorite podcast player. And besides, in case you find it difficult to follow me, you can also watch the class through my YouTube channel with the presentation of the sentences in writing. Do not worry about grammar, writing or punctuation, we will see it little by little in the next classes. For the moment, the most important thing is to practice your hearing and mentally translate the phrases and expressions of Spanish into your language. Hola (Hello!) ¡Hola! (Hello!) This is the word (the interjection) to greet, draw the attention of another person or introduce ourselves. ¡Hola! = Hello! ¿Cómo te llamas? (What is your name?) ¿Cómo te llamas? (What is your name?) This is the phrase we use in Spanish to ask the name of the person we are talking to. ¡Hola! ¿Cómo te llamas? (Hello! What is your name?) Me llamo Sergio (My name is Sergio) Me llamo Sergio (My name is Sergio). With these words I answer the previous question. It's the way to tell someone what my name is. You could also say "Yo me llamo Sergio". But in Spanish the subject pronoun of the phrase is usually omitted when in the conjugation of the verb one already understands who the subject is. Bienvenido (Welcome) ¡Bienvenido! (Welcome!) . This is the word we use to receive someone in our house, in our place of work, or in any event or situation. Also when someone arrives from a trip, for example. Do you know how to say”bienvenido” in your language? Bienvenido. This is the masculine form. That is, when the other person is male: A boy, a man or a man. Bienvenida. This is the feminine form. When the other person is of the female gender. A girl, a woman or a lady. Welcome. ¡Encantado de conocerte! (Nice to meet you!) This is the phrase to say that we are glad to meet someone. ¡Encantado de conocerte! (Nice to meet you!) This is the masculine form, but it refers to the subject of the phrase. To the gender of the person who says the phrase. If I am a boy I say: "¡Encantado de conocerte!" If I am a girl I say: "¡Encantada de conocerte!". ¿De dónde eres? (Where are you from?) ¿De dónde eres? (Where are you from?) This is the phrase to ask about the place of origin of the person with whom we are speaking. Soy de España (I am from Spain) As you can see, I can omit the subject. Although I could also say: Yo soy de España. Soy español (I am Spanish). It is the way to express my nationality or demonym. It's the masculine form: Soy español, when I'm a boy. Soy española (I am Spanish). This is the feminine form. When the subject is female. If I were a girl I would say: I'm Spanish. ¿Y tú? (And you? or What about you?) This is the way to ask the same question that you just asked us. Or to ask about the same thing that I just affirmed. ¡Hola!, me llamo Sergio, ¿Y tú? (Hello! my name is Sergio, what about you?) Tengo hambre, ¿y tú? (I am hungry, and you?) (here it is understood that we ask the other person if he is also hungry). Demonym (Gentilicios) There is no rule to form the gentilicios or nationalities of different countries but there are frequent terminations. Remember that the names and nationality are adjectives and in Spanish they can have a masculine or feminine form. I propose you these examples: De España>>> español o española (from Spain>>> Spanish) De Inglaterra >>> inglés o inglesa (from England>>> English) De Francia >>> francés o francesa (from France>>> French) De Estados Unidos >>> estadounidense ( From U.S>>> American). In this case, Estadounidense would serve for the male or female form of the subject.  Another country with a similar termination would be Canada. De Canadá>>> canadiense (from Canada, Canadian). Both male and female. De Italia>>> Italiano o italiana (from Italy: Italian).    Affirmation and denial Sí (Yes):  We use the word "sí" to answer affirmatively. No. We use the word "no" to answer negative form ¿Sabes donde está España? (Do you know where Spain is?) Sí, España está en el sur de Europa. (Yes, Spain is in southern Europe). ¿Sabes donde está Galicia? (Do you know where Galicia is?) No, no lo sé (No, I do not know). In this case, after the first "no", in the following sentence we must repeat the "no" to indicate the negation of the verb. In the case of the affirmative answer: Sí, Galicia está en el norte de España (Yes , I know . Galicia is in the north of Spain) the "sí" should no longer be repeated. Cardinal points The cardinal points in Spanish are:  norte, sur, este, oeste (north, south, east, west). Suecia está en el norte de Europa (Sweden is in northern Europe) El sol sale por el este (the sun rises from the east) Italia está en el sur de Europa (Italy is in southern Europe) Portugal está al oeste de España (Portugal is west of Spain) With these example sentences, note that the cardinal points are almost always used with the masculine definite article "El (the)" In the phrase: Portugal está al oeste de España (Portugal is to the west of Spain), the word "a" is the contraction of the preposition "a" (to) and the article "el" (the). We will see the contractions in Spanish in upcoming programs, do not worry. We can also observe the use of two different prepositions. In the sentence: Italia está en el sur de Europa (Italy is in the south of Europe),  before "el sur" (the south) we use the preposition "en" (in), because Italy belongs to Europe. While in: Portugal está al oeste de España (Portugal is to the west of Spain), we use the preposition "a" (to) because Portugal does not belong to Spain. It is another country. If Portugal were a region of Spain, for example, we would say: Portugal está en el oeste de España (Portugal is in the west of Spain). Bien (well)  / Malo (wrong) The words bien (well / right) and mal (evil / wrong) can be nouns or adverbs.As a noun, "el bien" is the abstract entity formed by what is morally good. And "el mal" means the opposite. As substantives, these words carry articles. La lucha entre el bien y el mal. (The struggle between good and evil). As a noun well also means asset or property. Yo invierto en bienes inmuebles (I invest in real estate).As an adverb: "Bien" (right) means what is right or "in the best possible way". and "mal" (wrong) what is wrong.In expressions to say hallo, it is used with the verb "estar" (be): ¿Cómo estás? (¿Qué tal estás? (How are you?) / How do you do?)Estoy bien, ¡gracias! (I'm fine thanks). It would not be correct to say "soy bien". "Bien" it is never used with the verb "ser" in spanish."Bien" when accompanying the verb "estar" means to be healthy, easy or be comfortable."Mal" means that something is wrong. When accompanying the verb "estar" can signify that he is sick, sad, uncomfortable or angry.In the next program we will talk again about these words and the differences with "bueno" (good) or "malo" (bad) adjectives. That sometimes can be confusing for Spanish students. Por favor, (please), disculpa (excuse me), gracias (thank you) Por favor (Please) The expression "por favor" in two words: (por + favor) is used to request something or in educated questions ¿Por favor, puedes ayudarme? (Please, can you help me?) Disculpa (excuseme)  It is a word that can be used to draw attention before asking a question, or in another context ask for forgiveness or excuses, although in this last case we usually say "lo siento" (i am sorry).  ¡Disculpa!, ¿puedes venir? ( Excuseme! You can come? ¡Gracias! (Thank you!) or ¡Muchas gracias! (thank you very much!) It serves to express gratitude. We usually say it after receiving the answer to a question we have asked previously. ¡Gracias! Eres muy amagle. (Thanks, you're very kind). Or at the end of a speech, for example. Gracias por vuestra atención. (Thank you for your attention). Do you remember how you say "gracias" in your language? More ways to say hello ¡Hola! (Hello!)  ¡Buenos días! (Good morning!)  We say it in the morning. ¡Buenas tardes! (Good afternoon!) We say it after noon or after eating. ¡Buenas noches! (Goodnight!) We say it after sunset, when it is already night. ¿Cómo estás? (How are you? / How do you do? Courtesy question to be interested in the other person. ¿Y tú (?And you?) We can use it to not repeat the question again:  ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?) ¿Cómo te encuentras? (How do you feel?) It is another way of being interested in the other person. The question marks and admiration (in spanish) ¡...!

Today we continue with the series of programs on the pronunciation and use of the letters of the Spanish alphabet. We will learn to use and differentiate the letters C, K, Z, S, X and also the digraphs Qu and Ch. The sounds or phonemes for which we are going to use these letters are: the phoneme / θ / (zzz), the phoneme / s / (ssss), the phoneme / k / and the phoneme / tʃ / (ch). La entrada Stage 10: How to write and pronounce the letters C,K, Z, S, X, Qu and Ch in Spanish se publicó primero en Spanish Route.