Spanish Route episode SEIS your guided tour to  Spanish.



Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. My name is Sergio and I'm your personal trainer Spanish.



Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast where every week you hear me speaking in Spanish about my language and my culture and practice your ear and your understanding of Spanish.



I remind you that on my website  SpanishRoute.com can read the transcript and English translation of this class while listening to the audio. Here you can also contact me to answer your questions.



And if you want to improve your speech I can help you practice your Spanish with Skype conversation sessions. Remember SpanishRoute.com



 Very good! Today is the sixth program, the sixth stage on your way to Spanish. I will summarize what we discussed in the first five chapters if you have not heard yet, they may be of interest.



In Chapter 1 , we have learned to introduce ourselves and say hello : ¡Hola! ¡buenos días! Me llamo Sergio y soy de España (Hi good morning, my name is Sergio and I am from Spain). We also spoke of the cardinal points in Spanish, demonym and other expressions and phrases such as "por favor" (please), "disculpa" (sorry), "gracias" (thanks you)...In Chapter 2 we talked about the gender of nouns in Spanish and the difference between "bien" (well) and "bueno" (good).In Chapter 3 we treat personal subject pronouns, especially the use of "Tú" and "usted"(you)  and the conjugation of verbs "ser" and "estar" (to be).In Chapter 4 we talk about regional differences in Spanish : phonetic differences, specific vocabulary, "voseo" and the use of "ustedes" .In Chapter 5 we try specific vocabulary often used in internet and computer , such as la arroba (at @), almohadilla (hash #) or barra inclinada (/ slash) .



Very good. You know you have the list of all the chapters of the podcast on my website spanishroute.com/the-podcast with transcription and translation into English.



Today we will talk about "el tiempo (the time and the weather) in Spanish.



The word "tiempo" has multiple uses and meanings in Spanish. Today we will focus on two of them. "Tiempo" as a way to measure the sequence of events (time) and "tiempo" as atmospheric state or climate of a region at a particular time (weather).



"El Tiempo" (The time) allows us to organize events and setting a sequence of events past, present and future. To measure it we use units of time. "El segundo" (the second), "el minuto" (the minute) or "la hora" (the hour). Also other major as "el día" (the day), "el mes" (the month) and "el año" (the year).



To measure time we use "el reloj" (the clock) and "el calendario" (the calendar).



We use the clock (el reloj) to know the moment of the day we are in. La hora y el minuto (The hour and minute). But to measure the time we can also use "el cronómetro" (the chronometer) that serves to measure how long a specific event lasts, such as a race.



There are many types of clock. There are "reloj de pulsera" (watches) , which are what we in the arm. There are "reloj de pared" (wall clocks), which are hanging on the wall inside the house and we also have a clock on the mobile.



-Yo hace mucho tiempo que no tengo reloj de pulsera porque utilizo siempre el reloj del móvil. (I have not had a wristwatch for a long time because I always use the mobile phone clock).



"Las horas" (the hours) can be written in the format of 12 or 24 hours. When we use the twelve-hour format in written language we can use the abbreviation AM or PM to indicate whether it is morning or evening.



But when we speak in Spanish as usual, it is to use the 12-hour format and add if it is "por la mañana" (morning), "por la tarde" (afternoon), "por la noche" (evening) or "de madrugada" (early morning).



For example. I can say: Hoy llegué a las once (today I arrived at eleven). If I say nothing else is understood that I arrived at 11:00  "de la mañana"  or 11:00 PM.



To indicate that arrived at 23:00 or 11:00 PM I should say: Hoy llegué a las once de la noche (today I arrived at 11 pm). We use the term "de madrugada" (early morning) to indicate the hours from twelve o'clock until sunrise, more or less. I can say:  Esta noche me desperté a las cuatro de la madrugada (tonight I woke up at four in the morning).



In the hours from noon to sunset, we accompanied the hours with the words "de la tarde" (evening) .



Llegué a casa a las cinco de la tarde. (I arrived home at five in the afternoon).



"El mediodía es a las doce en punto" (Noon is at twelve o'clock). Although sometimes we can talk about twelve o'clock in the morning and you could even hear saying "una del mediodía" (one o'clock in the noon) instead of "una de la tarde" (one o'clock in the afternoon).​



To mark the hours we use the numbers from 1 to 12. They are: Uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez, once y doce. (One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven and twelve).



"La hora" or "las horas" (The hours), is a feminine word, as we saw in chapter two of the podcast , and therefore bears the feminine article "la" or "las" . When we refer to a specific hour also we used the feminine article "la" or  "las" una, dos, tres ... etc. "La una" is the only hour that has feminine form and is different from the number. The number is "uno" (masculine), the hour is "una" (feminine).



The remaining hours are said as the number but with the feminine plural article "Las".



Like asking "the time" in Spanish.



To ask the time of day when we meet, we "preguntamos la hora" or "pedimos la hora".



The right question is: "¿Qué hora es?" (What time is it?). We do not say: "¿Qué tiempo es?" No, that's not right.



But to be a little more polite to a stranger, for example, we can say:



Perdona, ¿puedes decirme la hora? (Excuse me, can you tell me the time?) Or with the "usted": Perdone, ¿puede usted decirme la hora?, por favor. (Excuse me, can you tell me the time ?, please).



A informal way we can also use the expression: "¿Tienes hora?" (Do you have time?)



When we want to specify a particular time, without passing minute, we use the term "en punto" (o'clock) .



As we have said before: "Son las doce en punto" (it's twelve o'clock),  which means they are twelve zero zero or twelve and zero minutes.



When we tell time with his minutes, we can use the corresponding number of minutes:



- Son las tres y diez (3:10 )



- Son las ocho y cuarenta (8:40 )



When someone asks us the time and we tell them we do not have to specify if it is in the morning, in the afternoon or at night, because the other person is supposed to know at the time of the day we are in. We usually specify the time of day accompanying the time past or future events.



- El concierto empezará a las diez de la noche (10:00 pm). 



When they spend fifteen (15) minutes of the hour, we say that "son y cuarto" :   "Son las tres y cuarto" (it's three and a quarter) , is the same as saying "son las tres y quince minutos" (it's three and 15 minutes) . It is said "y cuarto", because the hours, which last 60 minutes, are divided into four quarters of fifteen (15) minutes each.



when passing "treinta"  (thirty) (30) minutes of time, we say  "son y media" ;  "Son las tres y media" (it's half past three). Is the same as saying "son las tres y treinta minutos" (it's three thirty minutes).



When it is less than thirty (30) minutes for the next hour also we say the next hour less minutes remaining:



So at 12:50 we say: "Es la una menos diez" (It is ten minutes to one)". Because there are ten minutes until one.



At 12:45 we say: "Es la una menos cuarto" (It is a quarter to one) . because a quarter of an hour for a foul.



The calendar in Spanish



"El calendario"  (The calendar) used to know the time of year when we meet, or to indicate past or future events. Are "las fechas" (the dates). In Spanish we write dates pointing first "el día" (day) , then "el mes" (the month) and "el año" (the year) end. 



Hoy es lunes, 18 de junio de 2018 (Today is Monday, June 18, 2018).



Normally we use "calendarios de un año" (one year calendars) when they are on paper. But in digital calendars we can have calendars with many years. The calendar is divided into 12 months, and every month in weeks and days.



The names of the days of the week and months of the year in Spanish



In Spanish the days of the week are: Lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado y domingo. (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday).



In Spain, the first day of the week is Monday. And Saturday and Sunday we call "fin de semana" (weekend).



The names of the 12 months of the year are: Enero, febrero marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre y diciembre (January, February March, April, May, June, July , August, September, October, November and December).



The weather in Spanish



The other use of the word "tiempo" we want to talk on the agenda today is the weather, or climate of a place at a particular time.



The word "clima" (climate) refers to the meteorological characteristics of a region because of its geographical situation.



For example: El clima que predomina en España es el mediterráneo templado, lo cual propicia veranos secos e inviernos con temperaturas equilibradas. (​The climate  prevailing in Spain is the temperate Mediterranean, which favors dry summers and winters with balanced temperatures).



And "tiempo" refers to the weather situation at a particular time.



 - El tiempo de hoy en en Santiago de Compostela es lluvioso. (Today's weather in Santiago de Compostela is rainy).



Frequent expressions to talk about the weather in Spanish



- ¿Qué tiempo hace hoy? (How is the weather today?) 



- Hoy hace buen tiempo, hace sol, es un día soleado (Today is fine weather, it's sunny, it is a sunny day).



- Hoy hace mal tiempo, está lloviendo,