Stage 2: Gender of the nouns and difference between “bien” and “bueno”
Update: 2022-01-13
Description
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Spanish Route episode TWO your guided route to Spanish.
Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast to learn Spanish in the easiest and most fun way.
My name is Sergio and I am your personal Spanish trainer.
This is the second program, second stage on your way to Spanish. And it will also be very easy.
Today I will deal with the subject of the genders of the names or nouns in Spanish, which is a characteristic of the languages of Latin origin.
I will also explain, as I said in the previous class, the differences between "bueno" and "bien" and between "malo" and "mal" . That can be a bit confusing for those who start learning Spanish.
But first I want to remind you that on my web page spanishroute.com you have the transcription and translation into English of this class. And a very easy exercise to practice the concepts we are dealing with today.
Also, from spanishRoute.com/contact , you can write me with questions and questions that we will solve in the program. And if you want to access Skype conversation sessions with me at a very low price.
Remember SpanishRoute.com
And now Let's start with the class...
Genre of the nouns in Spanish
Today we are going to talk about the genre of nouns.
In Spanish, the names and nouns have a gender. These words are masculine or feminine, whether referring to people or animals (with male or female sex) or referring to objects and concepts without biological sex. This characteristic of the language is due to its Latin origin and it shares it with other languages that derive from Latin like French or Italian.
El niño / la niña (The boy / The girl)
" El niño " is a masculine noun. "La niña" is a feminine noun.
El perro / la perra (The dog / The bitch)
"El perro" is masculine noun and "la perra" is the feminine noun.
El león / la leona (The lion / The lioness)
"El león" is masculine. " la leona" is the feminine one.
They are names of things and concepts without sex words like:
El libro, la casa, el amor, la amistad (The book, the house, love, friendship).
The word libro ("el libro") is masculine, although it does not have sex. The same goes for "la casa" (feminine word), "el amor" (masculine noun), "la amistad" (feminine noun).
Therefore, the names of people and animals can change according to sex, but the names of things and concepts that are not animals or people never change.
Gender concordance
When a name or noun is accompanied by an article and an adjective these have to be used in the same genre as the noun. It is what is known as "concordance ".
This is the reason for the existence of certain articles " El" and "La" and the indeterminate "un" and "una" and the variations of the adjectives for the case that describe masculine or feminine nouns.
El coche rojo / Un coche rojo (The red car / a red car)
La casa blanca / una casa blanca (The white house / a white house)
Differences between masculine and feminine gender
Generally, the names ending in -o are masculine and the names ending in -a are feminine. For example:
Masculine: El piano, el mundo, el camino, el perro, el gato (The piano, the world, the road, the dog, the cat)
They are feminine: La casa, la playa, la montaña, la silla, la mesa (The house, the beach, the mountain, the chair, the table)
As you can see in the examples, we have two articles, "EL" to accompany masculine names and "LA" to accompany feminine names.
There are masculine words ending in -a , therefore, they must be accompanied by the masculine article El , for example:
El día, el planeta, el mapa, el idioma (the day, the planet, the map, the language).
There are also feminine words ending in -o (but they are very few):
La mano, la moto (The hand, the motorbike). which is actually the abbreviation of motorcycle (feminine noun ending in -a , la motocicleta (the motorcycle).
The reason that there are masculine words ending in -a is due to the evolution of Spanish from Latin. These words were masculine but did not end in -a , as they evolved into Spanish they conserved the masculine gender but their ending changed.
For example: Día (Day) derives from the Latin Díes (masculine) and in Spanish evolved to día (day), conserving the sort but changing the termination.
The word feminine mano (hand) comes from the Latin manus . when evolving into Spanish the ending " -us" was transformed into "-o" but it conserved the feminine gender.
This is why there are no specific rules to know if a word is masculine or feminine, for it would be necessary to go to the study of Latin and also of Greek, or even Arabic, from which many words of Spanish derive. The only thing we can point out are general rules and exceptions that we must learn from practice.
They are also masculine:
The names related to geography: the names of rivers, seas, mountains...
El Everest, el Mediterraneo, el Amazonas (The Everest, the Mediterranean, the Amazon)
Months and days of the week: El lunes (Monday), el (pasado) diciembre (the (past) December.
The cardinal points (as we saw in the last episode): El norte, el sur, el este...(The north, the south, the east ...)
The numbers: El uno, el dos, el tres, el cuatro... (the one, the two, the three, the four...)
the colors: El azul (blue), el rojo (red)
They are feminine:
The letters: La A, la B (be), la C(ce), la R(erre),
The abbreviations of feminine words (as we saw before): La moto (the motorbike) la motocicleta (the motorcycle) , la foto (the picture) la fotografía (the picture and photography).
In Spanish there are words that can be masculine or feminine with a totally different meaning in each case:
El cura (The priest), who is a priest. Or La cura (the cure), which is synonymous with healing or treatment.
La cabeza (The head), which is the upper part of the human body. Or El cabeza (the head) , which is the leader.
El capital (The capital): Amount of money or economic goods.
La capital (The capital): Main city of a country.
Nouns that end in a consonant or in other vowels that are not "-a" or "-o" can be masculine or feminine.
They are masculine: El taxi, el coche, el café, el té, el televisor, el violín, el ordenador, (the taxi, the car, the coffee, the tea, the television, the violin, the computer)
They are feminine nouns: La nube, la leche, la ciudad, la señal, la sal (the cloud, the milk, the city, the sign, the salt).
As I said earlier, all names or nouns have a gender. But we must differentiate the names of objects or concepts without sex that are always fixed as "the book, the house, love, friendship." Of the names and nouns that refer to animals and people, which may vary according to sex: I will now focus on the latter.
Nouns such as: el perro, la perra; el niño, la niña; el león, la leona (the dog, the bitch; the boy, the girl, the lion, the lioness). They change depending on the biological sex that is reversed. Also in professions such as:
El medico, la medica (the doctor), el profesor (the teacher)
There are some general rules to know how to form the feminine of a masculine noun for the gender of people and animals.
In general, if the masculine name ends in -o the feminine name ends in -a.
El niño / la niña; el perro / la perra; el médico / la médica (the boy / the girl; the dog / the bitch; the doctor)
El alumno / la alumna; el camarero / la camarera (the student; the waiter / the waitress)
There are masculine names that do not end in -or form their feminine by adding an -a
Señor / Señora (Mr. / Mrs); el doctor / la doctora (the doctor); el león / la leona (the lion / the lioness); el juez / la jueza (the judge)
Or replace the last letter with an -a: El jefe / la jefa (the boss)
Other nouns form the feminine with endings such as: -ina, -ena, -isa or -iz
El rey / la reina (The King / the Queen) ; el héroe / la heroina (the hero / the heroine) ; el príncipe / la princesa (the prince / the princess) ; el conde / la condesa (the count / the countess).
El poeta /la poetisa (the poet /the poetess). Although in this case you can also say "la poeta" to refer to women who write poetry.
El sacerdote / la sacerdotisa (The priest / priestess); el actor / la actriz (the actor / actress); el emperador / la emperatriz (the emperor / the empress).
Common gender
There are nouns that end in -o are used for both male and female:
El modelo / la modelo (The model); el soldado (the soldier); el testigo / la testigo (the witness.
Therefore, they can be accompanied by the feminine article as well as the masculine article according to the case.
There are other words that do not end in -o are also used for both genders. For example:
el periodista / la periodista (the journalist); el estudiante / la estudiante ( The student); el psiquiatra / la psiquiatra (the psychiatrist); el paciente / la paciente (the patient); el gerente / la gerente (the manager).
These nouns are called common gender. The same word with the corresponding masculine or feminine article.
Generic masculine
In Spanish, when we want to refer to a group in which there are people or animals of both sexes we use the masculine one since it is considered "gender not marked". It is called generic masculine. For example:
Los alumnos fueron de excursión (The students went on a field trip), it can also be said: los alumnos y las alumnas fueron de excursión.
It seems very difficult truth. I think so. That Spanish is very difficult. But do not worry much. You are doing it very well. It's just a matter of practice.
Now we are going to complicate it a little more.
Genus epiceno
(In Spanish) There are some words that have a grammatical gender, that is to say,
Spanish Route episode TWO your guided route to Spanish.
Good morning, good afternoon or good evening. Welcome to Spanish Route. The program, the podcast to learn Spanish in the easiest and most fun way.
My name is Sergio and I am your personal Spanish trainer.
This is the second program, second stage on your way to Spanish. And it will also be very easy.
Today I will deal with the subject of the genders of the names or nouns in Spanish, which is a characteristic of the languages of Latin origin.
I will also explain, as I said in the previous class, the differences between "bueno" and "bien" and between "malo" and "mal" . That can be a bit confusing for those who start learning Spanish.
But first I want to remind you that on my web page spanishroute.com you have the transcription and translation into English of this class. And a very easy exercise to practice the concepts we are dealing with today.
Also, from spanishRoute.com/contact , you can write me with questions and questions that we will solve in the program. And if you want to access Skype conversation sessions with me at a very low price.
Remember SpanishRoute.com
And now Let's start with the class...
Genre of the nouns in Spanish
Today we are going to talk about the genre of nouns.
In Spanish, the names and nouns have a gender. These words are masculine or feminine, whether referring to people or animals (with male or female sex) or referring to objects and concepts without biological sex. This characteristic of the language is due to its Latin origin and it shares it with other languages that derive from Latin like French or Italian.
El niño / la niña (The boy / The girl)
" El niño " is a masculine noun. "La niña" is a feminine noun.
El perro / la perra (The dog / The bitch)
"El perro" is masculine noun and "la perra" is the feminine noun.
El león / la leona (The lion / The lioness)
"El león" is masculine. " la leona" is the feminine one.
They are names of things and concepts without sex words like:
El libro, la casa, el amor, la amistad (The book, the house, love, friendship).
The word libro ("el libro") is masculine, although it does not have sex. The same goes for "la casa" (feminine word), "el amor" (masculine noun), "la amistad" (feminine noun).
Therefore, the names of people and animals can change according to sex, but the names of things and concepts that are not animals or people never change.
Gender concordance
When a name or noun is accompanied by an article and an adjective these have to be used in the same genre as the noun. It is what is known as "concordance ".
This is the reason for the existence of certain articles " El" and "La" and the indeterminate "un" and "una" and the variations of the adjectives for the case that describe masculine or feminine nouns.
El coche rojo / Un coche rojo (The red car / a red car)
La casa blanca / una casa blanca (The white house / a white house)
Differences between masculine and feminine gender
Generally, the names ending in -o are masculine and the names ending in -a are feminine. For example:
Masculine: El piano, el mundo, el camino, el perro, el gato (The piano, the world, the road, the dog, the cat)
They are feminine: La casa, la playa, la montaña, la silla, la mesa (The house, the beach, the mountain, the chair, the table)
As you can see in the examples, we have two articles, "EL" to accompany masculine names and "LA" to accompany feminine names.
There are masculine words ending in -a , therefore, they must be accompanied by the masculine article El , for example:
El día, el planeta, el mapa, el idioma (the day, the planet, the map, the language).
There are also feminine words ending in -o (but they are very few):
La mano, la moto (The hand, the motorbike). which is actually the abbreviation of motorcycle (feminine noun ending in -a , la motocicleta (the motorcycle).
The reason that there are masculine words ending in -a is due to the evolution of Spanish from Latin. These words were masculine but did not end in -a , as they evolved into Spanish they conserved the masculine gender but their ending changed.
For example: Día (Day) derives from the Latin Díes (masculine) and in Spanish evolved to día (day), conserving the sort but changing the termination.
The word feminine mano (hand) comes from the Latin manus . when evolving into Spanish the ending " -us" was transformed into "-o" but it conserved the feminine gender.
This is why there are no specific rules to know if a word is masculine or feminine, for it would be necessary to go to the study of Latin and also of Greek, or even Arabic, from which many words of Spanish derive. The only thing we can point out are general rules and exceptions that we must learn from practice.
They are also masculine:
The names related to geography: the names of rivers, seas, mountains...
El Everest, el Mediterraneo, el Amazonas (The Everest, the Mediterranean, the Amazon)
Months and days of the week: El lunes (Monday), el (pasado) diciembre (the (past) December.
The cardinal points (as we saw in the last episode): El norte, el sur, el este...(The north, the south, the east ...)
The numbers: El uno, el dos, el tres, el cuatro... (the one, the two, the three, the four...)
the colors: El azul (blue), el rojo (red)
They are feminine:
The letters: La A, la B (be), la C(ce), la R(erre),
The abbreviations of feminine words (as we saw before): La moto (the motorbike) la motocicleta (the motorcycle) , la foto (the picture) la fotografía (the picture and photography).
In Spanish there are words that can be masculine or feminine with a totally different meaning in each case:
El cura (The priest), who is a priest. Or La cura (the cure), which is synonymous with healing or treatment.
La cabeza (The head), which is the upper part of the human body. Or El cabeza (the head) , which is the leader.
El capital (The capital): Amount of money or economic goods.
La capital (The capital): Main city of a country.
Nouns that end in a consonant or in other vowels that are not "-a" or "-o" can be masculine or feminine.
They are masculine: El taxi, el coche, el café, el té, el televisor, el violín, el ordenador, (the taxi, the car, the coffee, the tea, the television, the violin, the computer)
They are feminine nouns: La nube, la leche, la ciudad, la señal, la sal (the cloud, the milk, the city, the sign, the salt).
As I said earlier, all names or nouns have a gender. But we must differentiate the names of objects or concepts without sex that are always fixed as "the book, the house, love, friendship." Of the names and nouns that refer to animals and people, which may vary according to sex: I will now focus on the latter.
Nouns such as: el perro, la perra; el niño, la niña; el león, la leona (the dog, the bitch; the boy, the girl, the lion, the lioness). They change depending on the biological sex that is reversed. Also in professions such as:
El medico, la medica (the doctor), el profesor (the teacher)
There are some general rules to know how to form the feminine of a masculine noun for the gender of people and animals.
In general, if the masculine name ends in -o the feminine name ends in -a.
El niño / la niña; el perro / la perra; el médico / la médica (the boy / the girl; the dog / the bitch; the doctor)
El alumno / la alumna; el camarero / la camarera (the student; the waiter / the waitress)
There are masculine names that do not end in -or form their feminine by adding an -a
Señor / Señora (Mr. / Mrs); el doctor / la doctora (the doctor); el león / la leona (the lion / the lioness); el juez / la jueza (the judge)
Or replace the last letter with an -a: El jefe / la jefa (the boss)
Other nouns form the feminine with endings such as: -ina, -ena, -isa or -iz
El rey / la reina (The King / the Queen) ; el héroe / la heroina (the hero / the heroine) ; el príncipe / la princesa (the prince / the princess) ; el conde / la condesa (the count / the countess).
El poeta /la poetisa (the poet /the poetess). Although in this case you can also say "la poeta" to refer to women who write poetry.
El sacerdote / la sacerdotisa (The priest / priestess); el actor / la actriz (the actor / actress); el emperador / la emperatriz (the emperor / the empress).
Common gender
There are nouns that end in -o are used for both male and female:
El modelo / la modelo (The model); el soldado (the soldier); el testigo / la testigo (the witness.
Therefore, they can be accompanied by the feminine article as well as the masculine article according to the case.
There are other words that do not end in -o are also used for both genders. For example:
el periodista / la periodista (the journalist); el estudiante / la estudiante ( The student); el psiquiatra / la psiquiatra (the psychiatrist); el paciente / la paciente (the patient); el gerente / la gerente (the manager).
These nouns are called common gender. The same word with the corresponding masculine or feminine article.
Generic masculine
In Spanish, when we want to refer to a group in which there are people or animals of both sexes we use the masculine one since it is considered "gender not marked". It is called generic masculine. For example:
Los alumnos fueron de excursión (The students went on a field trip), it can also be said: los alumnos y las alumnas fueron de excursión.
It seems very difficult truth. I think so. That Spanish is very difficult. But do not worry much. You are doing it very well. It's just a matter of practice.
Now we are going to complicate it a little more.
Genus epiceno
(In Spanish) There are some words that have a grammatical gender, that is to say,
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