In this episode, we discuss antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) , which harness monoclonal antibodies to deliver potent cytotoxic drugs directly to tumors, combining specificity with powerful cell‑killing effects. From Paul Ehrlich’s “magic‑bullet” concept to the first clinical trial in the 1980s and today’s 21 approved drugs, the field has evolved through advances in linker chemistry, payload potency, and antibody engineering. Modern ADCs treat diverse cancers by targeting antigens such as HER2, CD33, and TROP‑2 and by using microtubule inhibitors, DNA‑damaging agents, or topoisomerase‑I inhibitors as payloads. The podcast also touches on challenges such as drug resistance and manufacturing complexity, emerging innovations like bispecific and dual‑payload constructs, and the growing role of AI-driven design and industry partnerships in shaping the next generation of ADCs . Produced by Dr. Jake Chen.