This week Latika Takes interviews John Spencer, Chair of Urban Warfare Studies at Modern War Institute at West Point and is the world’s leading expert on urban warfare.

Spencer, who served 25 years in the US Army, discusses the evolution of urban warfare in Ukraine and Gaza.

He has recently visited Gaza and is one of the few people to have been inside Hamas’ vast tunnel network.

He discusses the challenges underground warfare poses, why the war in Gaza is unlikely to conclude anytime soon despite international condemnation and calls for a ceasefire and the power of the smartphone camera in changing war from a contest of will to a contest of narrative.

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